SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL ETHICS AT HARVARD: THE DEPARTMENT THAT MIGHT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL ETHICS AT HARVARD: THE DEPARTMENT THAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN

LAWRENCE T. NICHOLS  WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY (RETIRED)  CHEIRON VIRTUAL CONFERENCE, JULY 2020

THEMES  LINKS BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL ETHICS AND SOCIAL WORK  POLICY CHOICES RE THE SHAPE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AT HARVARD  “THE ROAD NOT TAKEN”  THE PERSISTENCE OF SOCIAL ETHICS

HARVARD, CIRCA 1890

PRESIDENT CHARLES W. ELIOT 1869-1909

SOCIAL ETHICS: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS  ; --THE CHRISTIAN SOCIAL GOSPEL  --SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL POLICY  --AMELIORATION

HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CIRCA 1880

ROOTS OF SOCIOLOGY  THE DEPARTMENT THAT BECAME SOCIOLOGY AT HARVARD HAD ROOTS IN THE UNIVERSITY’S RELIGIOUS TRADITION  ESPECIALLY TEACHINGS ON MORALITY

REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY

SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT  F. G. PEABODY WAS A LEADING FIGURE IN THE SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT OF THE LATE 19 TH AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURIES  PITIRIM SOROKIN WOULD LATER SAY THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY “CONSIDERS ITSELF TO HAVE BEEN FOUNDED BY PROFESSOR PEABODY”

PEABODY AND SOCIAL GOSPEL

PEABODY: SAINTS

ALFRED TREDWAY WHITE

A. T. WHITE  NYC HOUSING DEVELOPER  PHILANTHROPIST  MAJOR DONOR TO SOCIAL ETHICS  FUNDING OF EMERSON HALL  FUNDING OF FACULTY SALARIES

EMERSON HALL

EMERSON HALL  HOME OF PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL ETHICS  FIRST HOME OF SOCIOLOGY

JAMES FORD 1884-1944  --CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT  --HOUSING PROBLEMS

JAMES FORD  MAJOR FIGURE IN SOCIAL ETHICS, FOLLOWING PEABODY’S RETIREMENT  TAUGHT SOCIAL PROBLEMS & SOCIAL POLICY; COMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES  MENTOR TO GORDON W. ALLPORT  PROPOSED DEPT OF SOC & SOC ETHICS

ROBERT F. FOERSTER 1883-1941

SOCIOLOGY: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS  --THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT  --THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY  -- HERBERT SPENCER’S APPROACH; EVOLUTION  --ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY

EDWARD CUMMINGS

EDWARD CUMMINGS  ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY, IN DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, LATER ECONOMICS  PUBLISHED ON SETTLEMENT HOUSES, POVERTY RELIEF  FATHER OF POET, E. E. CUMMINGS

FRANK WILLIAM TAUSSIG

F. W. TAUSSIG  A MAJOR FIGURE IN ECONOMICS  EXPERT ON TARIFFS  FAVORED HIRING EDWARD A. ROSS AS SOCIOLOGIST, CIRCA 1900

EDWARD A. ROSS

E. A. ROSS  PROMINENT SOCIOLOGIST IN PROGRESSIVE ERA  SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST  CONCEPT OF “SOCIAL CONTROL”  CONTRIBUTED TO FIELD OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME  CONTROVERSIAL VIEWS ON IMMIGRATION

THOMAS NIXON CARVER

T. N. CARVER  HIRED AS ECONOMIST-SOCIOLOGIST  INFLUENCED BY SPENCER, DARWIN  LOBBIED FOR EXPANSION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIOLOGY  INSTRUMENTAL IN HIRING OF SOROKIN

T. N. CARVER QUOTE

THE SOCIAL WORK CONNECTION: HARVARD AND SIMMONS  --THE BOSTON SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL WORKERS  --COLLABORATION 1904-1916

SIMMONS COLLEGE, BOSTON

CARL CHRISTIAN CARSTENS

JEFFREY R. BRACKETT

ABBOTT LAWRENCE LOWELL

A.L. LOWELL  PROFESSOR OF GOVERNMENT  AUTHORITY ON GOVT OF ENGLAND  PRESIDENT OF HARVARD, 1909-1933  CRITICAL OF THE SOCIAL ETHICS DEPARTMENT  DECISION TO DEVELOP SOCIOLOGY  HIRED PITIRIM SOROKIN

SOCIAL ETHICS: THE CABOT REVIVAL, 1920-1931  --CHARACTER  --CASE METHOD  --TRAINING FOR SOCIAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION  --SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL POLIC  --AMELIORATION

DR. RICHARD CLARKE CABOT

R. C. CABOT  CARDIOLOGIST  FOUNDED 1 ST DEPT OF MEDICAL SOCIAL SERVICE, AT MASS GENERAL HOSPITAL  A LEADING FIGURE IN SOCIAL WORK PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS  PERSONAL SYSTEM OF UNITARIAN ETHICS  PROPOSED DEPT OF SOC & SOC ETHICS

CABOT: SOCIAL SERVICE

CABOT: LOVE

CABOT: CHRISTIANITY AND SEX

JAMES FORD: BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA

GORDON W. ALLPORT  --INSTRUCTOR IN SOCIAL ETHICS, 1924-1926  --COURSE: SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL POLICY  --COURSE: PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL AMELIORATION

SHELDON & ELEANOR GLUECK

PAUL J. W. PIGORS  --B.S., HARVARD 1924; PH.D. 1927  -- ”GEISTESWISSENSCHAFT”  --CASE STUDY METHOD  --INSTRUCTOR IN SOCIAL ETHICS  --PROFESSOR OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, MIT

POLICY SHIFT: THE SCIENCE OF SOCIOLOGY  --NATURAL SCIENCE MODEL  --SEEKING LEGITIMACY

PITIRIM A. SOROKIN

P. A. SOROKIN  A LEADING SOCIOLOGIST IN RUSSIA  BANISHED BY SOVIET GOVERNMENT  U OF MINNESOTA 1924-1930  FIRST FULL PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AT HARVARD  FIRST CHAIR, DEPT OF SOCIOLOGY

SOROKIN: “THEORIES”

CARLE C. ZIMMERMAN

SOROKIN,ZIMMERMAN, GALPIN: RURAL SOURCEBOOK

TALCOTT PARSONS

PARSONS: “SOCIAL ACTION”

PARSONS ET AL: FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

ROBERT K. MERTON

MERTON: SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE

R. K. MERTON  MOST PROMINENT GRADUATE OF SOCIOLOGY DEPT  TA, RESEARCH ASSISTANT, COAUTHOR WITH SOROKIN; INFLUENCED BY PARSONS  APPLIED “PROTESTANT ETHIC” THEORY TO DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCE  SOME 1930S PUBS STILL CITED

LAWRENCE J. HENDERSON

L. J. HENDERSON  PHYSIOLOGIST; ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN THE BLOOD  BECAME DEVOTEE OF V. PARETO  MENTOR OF GEORGE C. HOMANS  IMPORTANT SUPPORTER OF ADVANCEMENT OF PARSONS

GEORGE C. HOMANS

HOMANS/CURTIS: PARETO

G. C. HOMANS  ENGLISH MAJOR; ASPIRING WRITER  BROUGHT INTO SOCIOLOGY BY HENDERSON  SOCIAL PSYCH; SMALL GROUPS  OPPONENT OF PARSONS  CHAIR OF SOCIOLOGY, 1970

PRESIDENT JAMES B. CONANT

J. B. CONANT  OUTSTANDING RESEARCH CHEMIST  “HARD SCIENCE” VIEW; DOUBTS ABOUT SOCIAL SCIENCES  TRIED TO MAKE HARVARD INTO WORLD’S BEST RESEARCH UNIVERSITY  INVOLVED IN MANHATTAN PROJECT THAT DEVELOPED ATOMIC BOMB

CONANT: AUTOBIO

SOCIAL ETHICS: LATER DEVELOPMENTS  --ALTRUISM; LOVE  --OVERCOMING PREJUDICE  --CHILD SAVING  --COMBATTING RACISM  --SEXUAL MORALITY  --CRIMES OF GOVERNMENTS

SOROKIN: MORAL CRISIS

P. A. SOROKIN  TURNED AWAY FROM “HARD SCIENCE” VIEW AT TIME OF HIRING  ANALYZED HISTORICAL DRAMA, VIOLENCE, WARFARE, SOCIO-CULTURAL CRISIS  HARSH CRITIC OF SOCIOLOGY  SEEN AS PROPHETIC FIGURE WHO ABANDONED SCIENCE TO BECOME APOSTLE OF LOVE

ALLPORT: SCAPEGOATING

ALLPORT/POSTMAN: RUMOR

G. W. ALLPORT  UNDERGRADUATE MINOR IN SOCIAL ETHICS  BEGAN DOING “PUBLIC SOCIAL SCIENCE” IN 1940S  BEST KNOWN FOR WORK ON PREJUDICE  LOBBIED FOR REVIVAL OF SOCIAL ETHICS TRADITION AT HARVARD

GLUECKS: DELINQUENCY

“THE GLUECKS”  SHELDON & ELEANOR TOUROFF GLUECK WERE A FAMOUS RESEARCH TEAM, ESPECIALLY RE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY  SHELDON WAS INSTRUCTOR IN SOCIAL ETHICS; MOVED TO HARVARD LAW  INFLUENCED BY R. C. CABOT  MAINSTREAM SCIENTIST-REFORMERS

SOROKIN: RECONSTRUCTION

SOROKIN: ALTRUISM, SAINTS

ALLPORT: PREJUDICE

SOROKIN: LOVE

PETTIGREW: RACIAL INTEGRATION

T. PETTIGREW  SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST IN DEPT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS (1946-1972)  COLLABORATOR WITH GORDON ALLPORT  DID RESEARCH ON RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA

SOROKIN: SEX REVOLUTION

SOROKIN/LUNDEN: CRIMES OF GOVERNMENTS

R. C. CABOT PROFESSORSHIP IN SOCIAL ETHICS  --CREATED 1966

CABOT PROFESSORSHIP: 1 ST INCUMBENT

CONCLUSION: FULL CIRCLE  FORD, SOROKIN, ALLPORT, THE GLUECKS, PETTIGREW CARRIED ON SOCIAL ETHICS STYLE WORK AFTER THE DECISION TO PRIORITIZE SOCIOLOGY  SOME OF SOROKIN’S WORK IS REMARKABLY SIMILAR TO WORK BY PEABODY AND CABOT

CONCLUSION: FULL CIRCLE  CREATION OF THE CABOT PROFESSORSHIP CARRIES ON THE TRADITION  MIGHT BE CONSIDERED AN EARLY TYPE OF “PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY”  MIGHT HAVE FLOURISHED MORE FULLY IN A DEPT OF SOCIOLGY & SOCIAL ETHICS, AS PROPOSED IN 1918 AND IN 1930