Socio-Technical Work-Rate Increase Associates With Changes in Work - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Socio-Technical Work-Rate Increase Associates With Changes in Work - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE19) Socio-Technical Work-Rate Increase Associates With Changes in Work Patterns in Online Projects Farhana Sarker Bogdan Vasilescu Kelly Blincoe Vladimir Filkov Image source:


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SLIDE 1

International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’19)

Socio-Technical Work-Rate Increase Associates With Changes in Work Patterns in Online Projects

Farhana Sarker Bogdan Vasilescu Kelly Blincoe Vladimir Filkov @b_vasilescu @KellyBlincoe @vlfilkov

Image source: h.p://clipart-library.com/cartoon-pulling-hair-out.html

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SLIDE 2

High workload

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SLIDE 3

High work-rate, high stress

❖ GitHub is like being onstage 


(Dabbish et al. 2012), (Marlow et al. 2013)

❖ Communication overload causes stress and

reduces productivity 
 (Reinke and Chamorro-Premuzic 2014), (Kalman and Rafaeli 2011), (Reinecke et al. 2017)

❖ Social pressure to respond quickly is associated

with burnout and anxiety 
 (Reinecke et al. 2017)

❖ Multi-tasking common, causes stress


(Vasilescu et al., 2016), (Mark et al., 2008)

Image source: h.ps://octodex.github.com/

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SLIDE 4

Social workload

?

Perceived Causes and Impacts of Stress

?

Prevalence of high work-rates

?

Effects of increased workload

  • n developers’ work patterns

Data mining

Sample:

  • 57K+ developers
  • 10+ years of activity
  • 150K+ repositories

Image source: h.ps://octodex.github.com/

+ Developer Survey

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SLIDE 5

Developer survey

Pilot Survey 45 Responses (13%)

Open-ended Questions

Survey 465 Responses (23%)

Likert-scale questions

What causes you work-related stress? My work-related stress is caused by deadlines. Strongly disagree
 Somewhat disagree Neither agree nor disagree
 Somewhat agree
 Strongly agree

deadlines

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SLIDE 6

Findings

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SLIDE 7

High work-rates common

  • 10

20 2012 2014 2016

Week Number of Comments

1 Std. Dev. Mean

  • 10

20 30 40 2012 2014 2016

Week Number of Commits

1 Std. Dev. Mean

?

Prevalence of high work-rates

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SLIDE 8

Causes of workplace stress

9% 10% 15% 18% 24% 20% 24% 35% 50% 81% 76% 68% 65% 54% 51% 44% 44% 17% 10% 14% 17% 18% 22% 28% 31% 22% 33%

Co-workers or manager Working on many things in parallel Deadlines Performance / quality pressure Time pressure / too much work Unclear or unrealistic requirements Unfulfilling work Communication issues Culture or language barriers 100 50 50 100

Percentage

Response Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree

?

Perceived Causes and Impacts of Stress

`

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SLIDE 9

Impacts of stress

11% 15% 10% 5% 30% 52% 60% 50% 70% 68% 64% 56% 32% 16% 15% 5% 19% 17% 26% 39% 38% 32% 25% 45%

I communicate my communications are terse my communications are negative I work outside of my normal business hours the number of hours I work is I produce high quality code I am productive I stop working on the project 100 50 50 100

Percentage

Response Much less Somewhat less About the same Somewhat more Much more

Senti4SD 
 (Cafelato et al., 2018)

?

Perceived Causes and Impacts of Stress

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SLIDE 10

Empirical Study

Image source: h.ps://octodex.github.com/

?

Effects of increased workload

  • n developers’ work patterns
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SLIDE 11

Multitasking dimensions

Working sequentially vs. Within-day multi-tasking

  • 1. Projects per day

Day

A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Project Day

A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Project

(Vasilescu et al., 2016)

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SLIDE 12

Multitasking dimensions

Mostly on one project vs. Evenly on all projects

% Comments

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Project A B C D

% Comments

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Project A B C D

High focus Low focus

  • 2. Weekly focus

(Vasilescu et al., 2016)

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SLIDE 13

Multitasking Dimensions

Repetitive day-to-day vs. Changing focus each day

Day

A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Project Day

A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Project

(Vasilescu et al., 2016),(Xuan et al., 2014)

  • 3. Day-to-day focus
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SLIDE 14

Statistical Analysis

Responses

  • Lines of code added
  • Comments
  • Sentiment

Controls

  • Total projects
  • Time since first commit
  • Company affiliation

Sample:

  • 57K+ developers
  • 10+ years of activity
  • 150K+ repositories

Multi-tasking Predictors

A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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SLIDE 15

Effects: Weekly comments

vs.

Day-to-day focus (less predictable)

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Company affiliation

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SLIDE 16

Effects: Lines of Code added

vs.

High levels

  • f comments

per day

vs.

Focused commenting

vs.

Day-to-day focus (repeatability)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

Higher LOC added

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SLIDE 17

Effects: Negative sentiment

vs.

Focused commenting

A B C D A B C D

vs.

Day-to-day focus (repeatability)

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

❖ Higher than normal

levels of commenting

❖ Commenting on many

more projects than usual

❖ Committing on many

more days per week than usual

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SLIDE 18

Farhana Sarker Bogdan Vasilescu Kelly Blincoe Vladimir Filkov

Image source: h.p://clipart-library.com/cartoon-pulling-hair-out.html

Thanks!