Social protetion situation in ASEAN Celine Peyron Bista Chief Technical Advisor on Social Protection ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 22-24 November 2016, Manila
Structure of the presentation • What is the social protection situation in ASEAN? • Can social protection help building resilience to disasters?
Structure of the presentation • What is the social protection situation in ASEAN? • Can social protection help building resilience to disasters?
What is social protection? Life-long protection provided to members of a society by the society Sickness Medical Invalidity care Work Family Unemployme injury nt Survivor Old-age Maternity s Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
A guarantee for all Level of All residents should enjoy at least a minimum level protection of social security Through a combination of contributory and tax- funded systems Nationally defined Social protection Floor Poor Rest of informal sector Formal sector Population
Aims of the report: Baseline information before ASEAN Community Recommendations for extending social protection coverage http://www.social- protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowR essource.action?ressource.resso urceId=53336
Progress in introducing new schemes Most commonly covered risks: Medical care Invalidity Work injury Survivors Old-age Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Large shares of the population still excluded Employment status in ASEAN countries Nearly half of the workforce is vulnerably employed Contributory schemes based on a employers/employees relationship and stable incomes are not adapted Coverage of non- contributory schemes still very limited Source: World Employment and Social Outlook, ILO, 2015
Social Health Protection Four countries achieved Viet Nam 75.0 98.0 (near) universal health Thailand Singapore coverage (mixed of 82.0 100.0 Philippines contributory and tax- Malaysia 100.0 funded systems). Lao PDR 11.6 Indonesia 59.0 Six others are committed Cambodia 26.1 Brunei Darussalam 100.0 Quality and access 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Social health coverage 80 71.3 70 61.8 58.6 60 52 48.9 45.3 50 38.2 34.9 40 Out-of-pocket payment out of 30 total health expenditures 13.1 20 8.1 10 0 BRN CAM IDN LAO MYS MMR PHL SGP THA VNM Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Social Protection for Children • 86% completed primary school, but child benefits lacking behind • All countries have school feeding programs • Most countries have in place cash benefits in the form of means-tested social assistance, coverage and efficiency limited (exclusion errors) • Thailand has: • A Child allowance for those covered by its social insurance, combined with • A means tested program for those below 2 years old Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Social Protection for the Working Age • Limited mostly to workers in the formal economy • Legal coverage for work injury varies between 7% and 88% • In many countries, still under employers’ liabilities- not adequate protection Social Employer Insurance liability Work Injury 8 3 Sickness Benefit 5 7 Maternity Benefits 6 5 Unemployment benefit/ 2 8 Severance payment Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Social Protection for the Elderly • Only 30% of the elderly receive a monthly pension, coverage of older women even lower • Social pension exists in 6 countries, but the exception of Brunei D. and Thailand, the coverage is very limited. Effective coverage rate for old-age monthly pension Viet Nam 34.50 Thailand 81.70 Singapore 0.00 Philippines 28.50 Malaysia 19.80 Lao PDR 5.60 Indonesia 8.10 Cambodia 5.00 Brunei Darussalam 81.70 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Structure of the presentation • What is the social protection situation in ASEAN? • Can social protection help building resilience to disasters?
Can social protection help building resilience to disasters? • ASEAN, one of the most affected region by natural hazards • Lower-income countries and poorer households tend to be more affected. • Social protection and disaster management pursue similar goals = collectively protecting people against risks and improve risks management. Both contributory and tax-funded social protection schemes have a potential to increase resilience to disasters.
The role of social protection in building resilience: Before disaster strikes Regular social protection schemes (social assistance, social insurance, employment policies) provide: • Income support that allows households to: – Encourage livelihood investment – Diversify source of incomes (particularly those in agriculture) – Develop their human capital and improve their employability • Specific environmental conservation projects (e.g. Through public works) Natural hazards hit everyone; however the degree of coping capacity is what transforms an hazard into a disasters. Social protection can build better coping strategies and prevent negative responses (such as reducing food consumption, taking children out of school and selling productive asset).
The role of social protection in building resilience: When disaster strikes • Vertical expansion and horizontal expansion of social protection schemes in times of disaster, utilising existing mechanisms: – beneficiary database – disbursement mechanism – networks of social workers – State’s budget allocation • Access to social insurance (unemployment, sickness leave, health, invalidity, survivors’ insurance) Scaling up existing programmes allows for a swift and cost-efficient disaster response. Examples in the region: Scaling-up cash transfers in the Philippines, Indonesia • • Using social insurance systems to protect workers and jobs in Thailand • Organizing public work programmes in the Philippines
Thank you Celine Peyron Bista ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Email: bista@ilo.org
Recommend
More recommend
