Site Investigation Issues Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Site Investigation Issues

Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable Washington D.C. November 10, 2009

David B. Mickunas US EPA/ERT

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Lines of Evidence:

• Groundwater spatial (and vertical profiling, if appropriate) data

with modeling

• Soil gas spatial concentrations (and vertical profiling, if

appropriate), including subslab, with vertical profiling

• Ambient, crawlspace, and inside air concentrations and source

determinations

• Building construction and conditions
• Constituent ratios

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Groundwater Spatial (And Vertical Profiling, If Appropriate) Data With Modeling

Membrane Interface Probe with Geoprobe Overburden Groundwater Installation Oil Bailer Operations Drilling Operations Well Field Site Groundwater Sampling Operations Soil Gas Probe Installation Drilling Operations Hollow Stem Augers with Geoprobe

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Soil Gas Spatial Concentrations (And Vertical Profiling, If Appropriate), Including Subslab, With Vertical Profiling Sampling & Analyses

Tedlar Bag Sampling Sorbent Tubes Summa Canister with Flow Regulator and 3-Way Valve TAGA Mobile Laboratory Permanent Gas – Gas Chromatograph Volatile Organic Compounds – Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer Slab-Slab Probe

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Ambient, Crawlspace, And Inside Air Concentrations And Source Determinations

Monitoring Lifestyle Sources

Ambient Air Sampling Crawlspace Air Sampling Indoor Air Sampling Monitoring Outside Ambient Air Sources

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Building Construction And Conditions

Historical Pre-Revolutionary Era Brick House Dover, DE Split-Level House Hopewell, NY Multi-Apartment Building Ann Arbor, MI Historical Revolutionary Era Stone House Hereford Township, PA Single –story House with Crawlspace San Antonio, TX 2-Story New Construction House Hopewell, NY Hand-Dug Earthen Tunnel Basement Stone-Walled Basement Rough Poured Cement Floor with Hand-Hewned Posts

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Constituent Ratios

Children’s Gymnasium Residence Adjacent to the Gymnasium

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TAGA MOBILE LABORATORY

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Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA) Mobile Laboratory

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Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA)

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Low Pressure Chemical Ionization (LPCI) Source

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TAGA Operational Process

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Gas Chromatograph with Concentrator for Volatiles

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Gas Chromatograph for Permanent Gases

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Driver and Passenger Seating with Monitor

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INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS TO DETERMINE IF SUBSURFACE GAS IS IMPACTING

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MONITORING AND SAMPLING STRATEGY

• 1. INITIAL SAMPLING

Subslab Location

• 2. INITIAL TAGA MONITORING

Ambient Air Investigation Lifestyle Source Investigation Subsurface Source Investigation

• 3. SUBSEQUENT SUMMA CANISTER SAMPLING

Subslab Location Basement Location First Floor Location Ambient Air Location

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INITIAL SUBSLAB SAMPLING

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Subslab Sampling Probe

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Drilling

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Placement and Cementing of the Probe

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INITIAL TAGA MONITORING

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MONITORING FOR SUBSURFACE INTRUSION SOURCE TCE Site Region 2

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Region 2 - TCE Site

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ RR SS TT 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 QL DL

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (HP1003)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ RR SS TT 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 QL DL

Trichloroethene (HP1003)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

Residence Schematics and Compound Concentrations

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MONITORING FOR SIGNATURE COMPOUNDS TO DETERMINE SUBSURFACE GAS INTRUSION Chlorinated Solvent Site Region 1

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Compounds Parent/Daughter Masses

Vinyl Chloride Vinyl Chloride Benzene Benzene Toluene Toluene 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzene Trichloroethene Trichloroethene Trichloroethene 62/27 64/27 78/39 78/52 92/39 92/51 96/61 98/61 98/63 97/61 99/61 99/63 112/77 114/77 130/95 132/95 132/97

SELECTION OF PARENT/DAUGHTER IONS

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Unit 1

Gymnastic Facility For Children

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Building Schematic and Compound Concentrations

DICHLOROETHENE (ray010)

1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (ray010)

CHLOROBENZENE (ray010)

TRICHLOROETHENE (ray010)

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Unit 2

Residence Adjacent to the Gymnastic Facility

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Residence Schematic and Compound Concentrations

DICHLOROETHENE (ray011)

1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (ray011)

CHLOROBENZENE (ray011)

TRICHLOROETHENE (ray011)

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MONITORING FOR LIFESTYLE SOURCES TCE Site Region 2

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Region 2 - TCE Site

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Residence Schematic and Compound Concentrations

A BC D E F G H IJ K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (HP1025)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

A BC D E F G H IJ K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

Trichloroethene (HP1025)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

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Garage Schematic and Compound Concentrations

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (HP1026)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

Trichloroethene (HP1026)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

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MONITORING FOR ACCIDENTAL OR INTENTIONAL RELEASES Gasoline Spill Site Region 3

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1st

2nd 3rd

Benzene, Toluene and Xylene Concentrations

Benzene < 1.0 PPBV Benzene < 1.0 PPBV Benzene > 900 PPBV

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MONITORING FOR METEOROLOGICAL EFFECTS TCE Site Region 3

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Region 3 - TCE Site

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R ST U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GGHH II JJ 25 50 75 100 125 5 10 15 20 25 30 QL DL

Trichloroethene (VAL2049)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J KL M N O P Q R S T UV W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GGHH 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 QL DL

Trichloroethene (VAL2061)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

1ST 2ND

Trichloroethene Concentrations in the Sump Area

~ 120 PPBV ~21 PPBV Rainfall - 0.9 inch 11/06 1500 – 2300 Wind ~ 5 mph 11/07 0000 – 1200 Wet Sumps Rainfall - 1.9 inch 11/12 0500 – 2300 Wind ~ 25 mph 11/13 0000 – 1100 Dry Sumps

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ATTACHED FACILITIES Solvent Site Region 6

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Xylene (PSC010)

Trichloroethene (PSC010)

Tetrachloroethene (PSC010)

Building Schematics and Compound Concentrations

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Xylene (PSC011)

Trichloroethene (PSC011)

Tetrachloroethene (PSC011)

Building Schematic and Compound Concentrations

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SELF-POLLUTING OPERATIONS AT THE MARINE CORPS BASE CAMP LEJEUNE, NC

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N OP Q R S T U V W 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

Trichloroethene (ABC012)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N OP Q R S T U V W 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 QL DL

Tetrachloroethene (ABC012)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

Tarawa Terrace School - Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VAPOR INTRUSION AT THE FORMER NAVAL AIR STATION MOFFETT FIELD, CA

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Building 20 - Former Naval Air Station Moffett Field

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Building 20 - Former Naval Air Station Moffett Field

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VAPOR INTRUSION AT THE FORMER RARITAN ARSENAL, NJ

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Building 200 – Former Raritan Arsenal

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM CRAWLSPACE AREAS TCE Site Region 6

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TCE Site Region 6

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Residence Schematics and Compound Concentrations

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MONITORING FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ACTIVITIES IN ADJACENT STRUCTURES Region 5

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Region 5 – PCE Site

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Schematic of the Residence

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A B C D E F G H IJ K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DDEE FF 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 QL DL

Trichloroethene (ARMN020)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H IJ K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DDEE FF 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 5 10 15 20 25 30 QL DL

Tetrachloroethene (ARMN020)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 QL DL

Trichloroethene (ARMN048)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 QL DL

Tetrachloroethene (ARMN048)

Units in ppbv Time in minutes

Northeast – 13 mph North – 12 mph Indoor Air Compound Concentrations At the Same Residence On Two Different Days When The Wind Directions Varied

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Figure 18a Mobile Monitoring Path Two, ARMN022 Figure 18a Mobile Monitoring Path Two, ARMN022

Tetrachloroethene (ARMN022)

Wind: 10 mph/050o Isolation Of The Source Using The TAGA in the Mobile Monitoring Mode

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INDOOR ANALYSIS Comparison of the TAGA Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Real-time Monitoring Results to the Off- site GC/MS Results of 6-Liter 24-Hour Time- weighted-averaged Summa Canister Samples

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TCE Summa Canister and TAGA Results

y = 1.3173x R2 = 0.3821 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 TAGA Summa Comparison of 24- Hour Summa canister and 1-minute TAGA analysis Linear (Comparison of 24-Hour Summa

Hopewell Junction Site – Hopewell, NY

42 INDOOR LOCATIONS May 14, 2008

• Upstairs near

electrician lounge chair

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24-HOUR SUMMA SAMPLES TO 1-MINUTE TAGA RESULTS DATA POINTS: 152 RANGE OF DELTA (SUMMA – TAGA): -0.93 – 1.92 ppbv RANGE OF % DIFFERENCE (SUMMA – TAGA)/SUMMA

• 48.3 to +84.2%

NOT DETECTED: 110 100% AGREEMENT BETWEEN SUMMA AND TAGA

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GRAND TRAVERSE OVERALL SITE TEDLAR BAG GRAB SAMPLES ANALYZED ON SITE (using a sample concentrator – 45 minute run time – 1 ppbv detection limit) vs SUMMA CANISTER 24-HOUR SAMPLES ANALYZED OFF SITE 30 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS MARCH 2005

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GTOS Facility and Norris Elementary School February & March 2005 Comparison Summa and Tedlar Bag Sampling

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PCE Concentrations in Tedlar Bags vs Summa Canisters y = 1.2726x R2 = 0.999 5000 10000 15000 20000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Tedlar Summa

Grand Traverse Overall Supply Site – Traverse City, MI

30 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS MARCH 2005

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Loop Injection Method

TEDLAR BAG GRAB SAMPLES ANALYZED ON SITE (using a loop injection – 6 minute run time – 1 ppbv detection limit) vs SUMMA CANISTER 24-HOUR SAMPLES ANALYZED OFF SITE

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Region 2 – TCE Site

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Vestal Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Site – Vestal, NY

42 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS APRIL 2007 TCE Concentrations in Tedlar Bags vs Summa Canisters y = 0.5779x R2 = 0.9866 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Tedlar Summa

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Vestal Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Site – Vestal, NY

42 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS – (less the two high points) APRIL 2007

TCE Concentrations in Tedlar Bags vs Summa Canisters

y = 0.7939x R2 = 0.9491 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Tedlar Summa

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y = 0.6455x R2 = 0.9885 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Tedlar Sum m a

White Swan Site – Sea Girt, NJ

18 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS January 8, 2008

PCE Concentrations in Tedlar Bags vs Summa Canisters

y = 0.5406x R2 = 0.9975 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 Tedlar Summa

White Swan Site – Sea Girt, NJ

17 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS January11, 2008

PCE Concentrations in Tedlar Bags vs Summa Canisters

y = 0.7368x R2 = 0.9958 50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200 250 300 Tedlar Summa

White Swan Site – Sea Girt, NJ

17 SUBSLAB LOCATIONS (less the two high points) January11, 2008

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TAKE-AWAY POINTS

• UTILIZATION OF THE TAGA TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETER REAL-

TIME MONITORING TO RESOLVE VARIOUS VAPOR INTRUSION ISSUES – Demonstrated that this technology can provide quantitative and qualitative information to isolate confounding factors involved in vapor intrusion studies. The interfering sources may be related to lifestyle products/operations, ambient air impacts, accidental/intentional releases, geological anomalies, etc. The TAGA is by far the best technology to resolve the problems associated with the vapor intrusion matrices.

• INDOOR AIR ANALYSIS ON SITE (using the Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer [TAGA]) –

Demonstrated that a one-minute monitoring within each room of a structure gave similar results as 24-hour time-weighted-averaged Summa canister samples – however, the disruption to the residents is limited to a single entry with the TAGA as compared to two entries with 24-hour time-weighted-averaged Summa canister samples. This provides information in the field for decision making and again, further reduces overall expenses.

• TOXICOLOGY OR POLICY – These groups set the action limits for vapor intrusion.

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TAKE-AWAY POINTS (Cont’d)

• SUBSLAB AIR ANALYSIS ON SITE (using the GC/MS analysis with the Concentrator) –

Demonstrated that a one-minute grab Tedlar bag sample gave similar results as 24-hour time- weighted-averaged Summa canister samples – limited the disruption to the residents is limited to a single entry with the Tedlar bag sampling as compared to two entries with 24-hour time- weighted-averaged Summa canister samples. The analysis required 45 minutes per sample. This provides information in the field for decision making and again, further reduces overall expenses.

• SUBSLAB AIR ANALYSIS ON SITE (using the GC/MS analysis with the Loop Injector) –

Demonstrated that a one-minute grab Tedlar bag sample gave similar results as 24-hour time- weighted-averaged Summa canister samples – limited the disruption to the residents is limited to a single entry with the Tedlar bag sampling as compared to two entries with 24-hour time- weighted-averaged Summa canister samples. The analysis required 6 minutes per sample. This provides information in the field for decision making and again, further reduces overall expenses.

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Hey, did you want all of the sources removed??? What does your data tell you???

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For additional information concerning the scheduling, capabilities, and applications of the TAGA mobile laboratories, contact: David Mickunas US EPA/ERT-Research Triangle Park, NC Telephone - (919) 541 4191 E-mail - Mickunas.Dave@epa.gov.