Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live loads (SDCL)- Steel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live loads (SDCL)- Steel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 05, 2023 489 likes •1.12k views

Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live loads (SDCL)- Steel Bridges ABC Application Summary of more than ten years of research, field application and monitoring Aaron Yakel- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Reza Farimani, Thornton Tomasetti

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Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live loads (SDCL)- Steel Bridges ABC Application

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Summary of more than ten years of research, field application and monitoring Aaron Yakel- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Reza Farimani, Thornton Tomasetti Saeed Javidi, Associated Engineering, CA Derek Kowalski, NUCOR Nazanin Mossahebi, Bureau Veritas North America Nick Lampe, HDR Results of the study are summarized in five journal paper and submitted to special issue of AISC EJ for possible publications

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Summary of more than ten years of research, field application and monitoring Nebraska Department of Roads Federal Highway Administration

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Typical Construction of Steel Bridges Continuous for Dead and Live Loads

Falsework Restricted Traffic Pier Field Splice Field Splice

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Typical Steel Construction - Continuous for Dead and Live Loads

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In the slides to follow:

SDCL

Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live loads

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SDCL- Conventional Case- cast in place deck

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SDCL- ABC Case- Modular approach

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  • Cont. for Dead and Live Load vs SDCL

Dead Loads Live Loads

SDCL System

  • Cont. for Dead and Live Loads
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SDCL Steel Bridge System More than one way to provide continuity for live loads

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SDCL Bridge System using Concrete Diaphragm

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For most part connections that works for cast in place deck methods of construction, also works for ABC applications

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Using Concrete Diaphragm

Creep and shrinkage is not an issue

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Advantages of Concrete Diaphragm

Protects the ends of the girders and enhances service life

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Prestressed Concrete Steel Large Bottom Flange Small Bottom Flange

Challenges using Concrete Diaphragm

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Bottom flang Bottom flange continuous continuous plus plus end plate end plate

Connected bottom flanges End plates

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ULTIMATE LOAD TEST

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End Plate onl End Plate only

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No No End End De Detail il

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025

Drift= D/L (in/in) Moment=M (kips-ft) Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

D M L

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Important consideration when Using concrete diaphragm

It is important to provide continuous load path for transferring the compression force from one flange to the next flange, without the possibility

  • f crushing the concrete in the diaphragm.
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Calculating the tension reinforcement

T

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Strain

bf bs e

s

ey y

y se 

be Fy

Stress

Fs

Strain and Stress in Slab

Stress

bf bs q 1/2Foc Fq 1/2Foc

Stress in Concrete Diaphragm

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Resisting Elements Test 1 Test 3

Slab Rebar 60.82% 66.77% Stirrups in tension 5.09% 5.42% Concrete in tension 4.35% 6.03% Stirrups in compression 0.00% 1.58% Concrete in compression 12.37% 20.20% Bottom plate in compression 17.37% NA Total 100.00% 100.00%

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C T Moment Arm

Mn=Asfy (moment Arm)

T C

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Example: Two span steel bridge using SDCL system- Each span 95 ft.

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Live load moment Mu (LL)= 34770 in-kip Girder size W40x249 Depth of girder 43.375” As= 34770 / (60 * (43.375 – 4 / 2))= 14 in2 As= Mn / ( fy (d- H/2) )

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Use of recommended detail for SDCL Cast in place deck vs ABC

T C

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SDCL- Cast in Place Deck

End of girders needs to be restrained against twist before casting deck

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SDCL- Cast in Place Deck

Recommendation is to fill the concrete diaphragm about ½ to 2/3 of the height and let it cure

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SDCL- Cast in Place Deck

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SDCL – Cast in Place Deck

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SDCL- Cast in Place Deck

To minimize the cracking

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SDCL – Cast in Place Deck

Recommendation- Assume 20% continuity for dead load

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Use of the recommended detail

Case of ABC

T C

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SDCL- Case of ABC

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SDCL- Case of ABC

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SDCL- Case of ABC

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T C

SDCL- Case of ABC

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SDCL- Case of ABC

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Full Scale Testing SDCL- ABC recommended detail

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Full Scale Testing SDCL- ABC recommended detail

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Full Scale Testing SDCL- ABC recommended detail

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Load (kips) Displacement (in) East Span

East West

Pier

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SDCL- Recommended Detail Cast in Place Deck ABC Fill Diaphragm ½ to 2/3

Girder Cope Top Flange Bearing Blocks Deck Longitudinal Reinforcement

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Recommended Design – Tension Reinforcement Cast in Place Deck ABC

Mn=Asfy (moment Arm)

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Future Applications of SDCL- Seismic Application Steel bridges are lighter (about 40% of concrete bridges) 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in Kobe lesson: Protect end of steel girder and have a good path to transfer lateral loads from superstructure to substructure. Hanshine Expressway, was closed for more than a year

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Future Applications of SDCL- Seismic Application

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Future Applications of SDCL- Seismic Application

Girder Cope Top Flange Bearing Blocks Deck Longitudinal Reinforcement

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Brief Discussion of other SDCL Details used in Practice

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Test results shows that concrete in vicinity of Bottom flanges can crush

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Displacement=D (in) Load (kips) East Girder West Girder D West East
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Research results shows that there is no need for top plate

This detail is not recommended

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Challenges with this detail (Cast in Place Deck)

  • Ends of girders are not protected
  • Steel diaphragm is needed at end of each

girder.

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Challenges with this detail (Cast in Place Deck)

  • Deck can crack
  • Moisture can penetrate from bottom side
  • Low fatigue category
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Advantages of SDCL Steel Bridge System Cast in place deck and ABC

  • SDCL steel bridge system facilitates use of

ABC

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Advantages of SDCL Steel Bridge System Cast in place deck and ABC

  • Eliminating the need for bolted splices
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Advantages of SDCL Steel Bridge System Cast in place deck and ABC

  • Allowing use of the same cross section

throughout the girder length

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  • SDCL steel bridge system with

recommended detail over pier, protect the girder ends against any possible corrosion and enhances the service life of bridges. Eliminating the bolted splices, also help to enhance the service Advantages of SDCL Steel Bridge System Cast in place deck and ABC

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AISC Engineering Journal special edition- SDCL

  • S
  • liciting papers to collect

existing S DCL expertise in one place for easy reference to facilitate standardization of design and construction practices

  • Topics include design,

construction, or monitoring in- service performance of S DCL steel bridges

  • S

ubmittals due January 11, 2013

www.aisc.org/ej

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Thanks You Contact Information Atorod Azizinamini

aazizina@fiu.edu