Setting Evaporative Emission Standards for Pleasure Craft April 12, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Setting Evaporative Emission Standards for Pleasure Craft April 12, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Setting Evaporative Emission Standards for Pleasure Craft April 12, 2006 1 Presentation Outline 1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of U.S. EPA potential standards 4. California emissions inventory 5.

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Setting Evaporative Emission Standards for Pleasure Craft

April 12, 2006

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of U.S. EPA potential standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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ARB Approach

  • ARB will cooperate with the U.S. EPA in developing

nationwide evaporative emission standards

  • ARB will evaluate U.S. EPA proposal before

considering further action to achieve additional emission reductions

  • If U.S. EPA does not adopt regulations in a

reasonable time frame, ARB may consider proposing regulations

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of U.S. EPA potential standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Potential U.S. EPA Standards

  • Permeation standards similar to those for

recreational vehicles

– Fuel hose

  • 15 g/m2/day
  • Test temperature of 23°

C, 10% ethanol

– Fuel tank

  • 1.5 g/m2/day
  • Test temperature of 28°

C, 10% ethanol

  • Diurnal venting control can be met with a

passively purged canister

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Limitations of Potential U.S. EPA Regulation

  • Current technology supports setting lower

permeation standards

  • Actively purged canisters could further reduce

vented emissions

  • Carburetor and connector emissions could be

controlled by available technology

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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California Emissions Inventory (Current Estimate)

22.5 851,446 Totals 10.8 242,271 Vessels w/Stern drive Eng. 0.9 26,995 Vessels w/Outboard Eng. 1.5 30,983 Vessels w/Inboard Jet Eng. 3.8 85,882 Vessels w/Inboard Eng. 3.6 178,900 Vessels w/Outboard Eng. (2 cycle) 1.9 287,963 Personal Water Craft (2 cycle)

Evaporative Emissions (Tons/Day Annual Avg.)

Population Pleasure Craft Type

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California Emissions Inventory Issues

  • Population data does not agree with DMV

records

  • No running loss test conducted
  • Pleasure craft tested not representative of

the population

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California Emissions Inventory Verification

  • Concern

– Population data does not agree with DMV records

  • Resolution

– Pleasure Craft population will be updated

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California Emissions Inventory Verification

  • Concern

– No running loss test conducted

  • Resolution

– Running loss emissions will be measured

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California Emissions Inventory Verification

  • Concern

– Pleasure craft tested not representative of the population

  • Resolution

– Test representative pleasure craft

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Testing Results for Pleasure Craft Tested by Automotive Testing Laboratories (ATL)

  • ATL tested evaporative emissions for 3

personal water craft, 3 outboards, and 3 inboards

  • Diurnal and hot soak emissions were

measured for each vessel

  • Data was generated using:

– Summer fuel (7 RVP) – 65-105 F temperature profile – Tank Filled to 50%

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Testing Results for Pleasure Craft Tested by ATL (Continued)

36.01 14.44 25 Average for Inboards 22.99 3.66 29 02 GM 4.3 GL 4 cyc 37.49 10.09 35 98 Yamaha EXT 1200W 2 cyc 48.00 29.56 11 77 Schuster Jet Boat 4 cyc Inboards 32.08 8.09 24.2 Average for Outboards 49.86 13.22 35 00 Johnson RJ90PLSSE 4 cyc 26.75 4.91 31 01 Mercury Opti-Max 4 cyc 19.63 6.14 6.6 77 Evinrude 66054 2 cyc Outboard Engines 14.79 4.83 8.4 Average for PWC 6.76 1.55 4.8 01 Yamaha Waverunner 2cyc 23.69 7.22 10 91 bombardier Sea-Doo XP 2 cyc 13.93 5.71 10.5 92 yamaha wave runner II 2cyc Diurnal Losses (g/day) Hot Soak Losses (g/3 hr) Tank Vol. (gal) Personal Water Craft

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Emissions Source Breakdown

  • Emissions by component are

calculated from:

– ATL data – Vented emissions calculated using

  • Reddy Equation
  • Summer fuel (7 RVP)
  • 65-105 F temperature profile, adjusted 50%
  • Tank filled to 50%
  • Assumptions:

– Estimated ¼-inch diameter fuel line lengths – A cubic fuel tank – Permeation equal to the standards – Uncontrolled permeation rates of:

  • 12 g/m2/day for fuel tanks
  • 100 g/m2/day for fuel hose
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Breakdown of Uncontrolled Emissions Sources for a Personal Water Craft

PWC Uncontrolled Evaporative Emissions

Fuel Tank Permeation Emissions g/day 7.25 49% Fuel line Emissions g/day 1.82 12% Carburetor and Other Emissions g/day 0.84 6% Diurnal Tank Emissions g/day 4.88 33%

Total: 14.79 Grams/day

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Breakdown of Uncontrolled Emissions Sources for an Outboard Pleasure Craft

Outboard Uncontrolled Evaporative Emissions

Fuel Tank Permeation Emissions g/day 14.64 46% Fuel line Emissions g/day 3.04 9% Carburetor and Other Emissions g/day 0.40 1% Diurnal Tank Emissions g/day 14.00 44%

Total: 32.08 Grams/Day

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Breakdown of Uncontrolled Emissions Sources for an Inboard Pleasure Craft

Inboard Uncontrolled Evaporative Emissions

Carburetor and Other Emissions g/day 3.09 9% Fuel line Emissions g/day 3.65 10% Fuel Tank Permeation Emissions g/day 14.96 41% Diurnal Tank Emissions g/day 14.46 40%

Total: 36.16 Grams/Day

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Need for Regulation

  • ARB is assisting the U.S. EPA to develop a rule

that is timely and appropriate for California

  • If the U.S. EPA does not develop adequate

regulations, ARB will consider a separate rulemaking effort

– Significant additional reductions are needed for ozone attainment – Marine engines are a large uncontrolled category

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Controllable Sources of Evaporative Emissions

  • Permeation emissions
  • Vented emissions
  • Carburetor and connector emissions
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SORE Permeation Technology Advancements Allow Setting Lower Standards

* Increase in test temp of 10 deg C leads to double the permeation .86 11.13 60 CE10 Hose Teleflex 1.15 3.75 40 CE10 Hose Parker (Model # II) 3.88 12.60 40 CE10 Hose Parker 1.43 4.63 40 California Cert. fuel Hose Mold-Ex 3.79 12.32 40 CE10 Hose Goodyear Tire 2.52 8.20 40 California Cert. fuel Hose Gates 0.98 3.20 40 Indolene Hose DTR industries 2.28 7.40 40 Indolene Hose Dana 1.21 3.94 40 California Cert. fuel Hose Avon Automotive 0.11 0.26 40 California Cert. fuel Tank Kelch 0.13 0.30 40 California Cert. fuel Tank Custom Pak 0.35 0.80 40 Indolene Tank Arkema Equivalent Results at 28 C for tanks and 23 C for hoses (g/m2/day) * Test Results (g/m2/day) Temp C Test Fuel Product Company name

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Need to Control Vented and Permeation Emissions

  • Vented emissions account for ~40% of total

emissions

  • Permeation emissions account for ~55% of

total emissions

  • Carburetor and fitting losses account for ~5%
  • f total emissions
  • Controlling these emission sources will result

in substantial reductions

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Potential Control Technologies to be Evaluated

  • Active and passively purged carbon

canisters

  • Insulation
  • Low permeation fuel hoses
  • Low permeation fuel tanks
  • Fuel injection
  • Advanced fuel line connectors
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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Potential Benefit of a U.S. EPA Evaporative Emission Standard

California Evaporative Emissions Inventory

(Estimated Uncontrolled Emissions and Controlled Emissions)

22.5 TPD Estimated Uncontrolled Emissions 7.4 TPD Estimated Controlled Emissions

5 10 15 20 25

Tons/Day - Anual Average

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Next Steps for Rule Development

(Tentative)

  • Allow Reasonable Time for U.S. EPA

Proposal

– Winter 2006

  • Emissions Inventory Development

– Spring 2006 – Spring 2007

  • Control Technology Evaluation

– Summer 2006 – Summer 2007

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Presentation Outline

1. ARB approach 2. Potential U.S. EPA standards 3. Limitations of potential U.S. EPA standards 4. California emissions inventory 5. Existing test data 6. Emissions source breakdown 7. Need for regulation 8. Potential control technology 9. Potential benefit of U.S. EPA standard

  • 10. Next steps
  • 11. Comments and contact Information
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Comments?

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Contacts

Monitoring and Laboratory Division

(For Questions Concerning the Rule Development)

  • Jim Watson

– Manager, Engineering Development and Testing Section

  • (916) 327-1282, jwatson@arb.ca.gov
  • Don Ridgley

– Project Lead, Engineering Development and Testing Section

  • (916) 322-8913, dridgley@arb.ca.gov

Planning and Technical Support Division

(For Questions Concerning the Emissions Inventory)

  • David Chou

– Manager, Off-Road Modeling and Assessment Section

  • (626) 450-6136, cchou@arb.ca.gov