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Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Service Section Service Section Technical Training Technical Training December 2004 December 2004

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Compressor Scroll Compressor Characteristics Characteristics

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Introduction To Scroll Compressor Introduction To Scroll Compressor

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Design Scroll Design

• First scroll patent was

issued on 3rd October 1905.

• First production of

scroll in 1980’s.

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Sets Scroll Sets

Comprised Of Two Scroll Elements Fixed Scroll Orbiting Scroll

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

How The Scroll Compressor Works How The Scroll Compressor Works

• 1. Suction gas enters gap

between Scroll flanks.

• 2. Orbiting Scroll motion

seals off gas, forming a pocket.

• 3. Continuous orbiting

motion moves gas toward centre of Scroll. Pocket becomes smaller & gas is compressed.

• 4. Discharge pressure reached

at centre port.

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Provides Continuous Compression Scroll Provides Continuous Compression

Gas Pressure

Low (Suction) pressure High (Discharge) pressure

All pockets balanced on centre All pockets balanced on centre

Centre Discharge Gas In Gas In

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Features Of Scroll Compressor Features Of Scroll Compressor

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

ZR (D) 61 K C (E) - TFD - XXX

Bill of Material Electrical Lubricant

Blank : Mineral Oil E : Ester Oil L : Less Oil

Generation Capacity Multiplier

K x 1000 M x 10000

Base Capacity Family R Air Conditioning B Base Refrigeration Unit S Medium Temp F Low Temp Z Tandem P High Pressure (R-410A)

Scroll Model Number Scroll Model Number

Modulation

Blank: Fixed Speed D : Digital T : Even Tandem U : Uneven Tandem S : Two Step V : Variable Speed

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Outline of Scroll Compressor Outline of Scroll Compressor

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Application Envelope Application Envelope

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Radial Compliance Radial Compliance

• Orbiting scroll is free to slide radially under

adverse pressure

• Separation of scroll flanks allows debris &

liquid to pass through without damage Normal Operation

Flank-to-flank contact

Abnormal Operation

Debris

Radial Compliance Provides Advanced Protection

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Axial Compliance Axial Compliance

Floating Seal

• Features

– Optimised tip loading – Balanced pressure

• Benefits

– Less wear than tip seals – Higher efficiency

Floating Seal

Patented by Copeland

Precision bleed hole in fixed scroll equalises pressure under floating seal with intermediate cavity pressure Slight vertical movement

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Advantages of Full Compliance Advantages of Full Compliance

• High Efficiency

– Scrolls wear in rather than out

• Performance improvement over time

– Less variability

• Durability / Reliability Enhancement

– Better liquid handling – Better debris handling

• Low Sound Level

– Smooth spectrum and good sound quality

• Unloaded Start

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Start - Stop Operation Of Scrolls Start - Stop Operation Of Scrolls

• Immediately after shutdown, there is still

a pressure differential between high side (Discharge) and low side (Suction).

• The high pressure discharge gas will spin

the orbiting scroll in reverse until the pressures are equalized.

• A discharge check valve limits the high

pressure gas to be equalised to the amount in the top cap of the compressor.

• This equalization occurs very rapidly.

There is no need for a time delay.

• Equalization allows the compressor to

restart unloaded, eliminating the need for a start capacitor.

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• Internal Motor Protector: Line Break

– Quick response to both temperature & current

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• Internal Motor Protector: Line Break

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Made By Both Kriwan And Carel

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• Internal Motor Protector

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

• Located at the hottest point of the compressor. Protects

against:

– Loss of charge – Blocked suction

• Cannot protect the compressor if module is by-passed

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• Internal Motor Protector

– Discharge temperature sensor

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• Internal Motor Protector

– Wiring diagram

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Internal Protective Devices Internal Protective Devices

• High Scroll Temperature: Therm-O-Disc (Bi-Metal)

– High discharge temperature protection located internally

(opens at 290°F)

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Internal Protecti Internal Protective ve Devices Devices

• Internal Pressure Relief (IPR) Valve

– Prevents high discharge pressure – Opens between 375 - 450 psi differential

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

• Deep Vacuum Protection

– Floating seal provides protection against deep vacuum – Compressor will stop pumping (unload) when

compression ratio exceeds 10:1

Internal Protecti Internal Protective ve Devices Devices

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Oil Type Oil Type

• Conventional White Oil (Sontex 200 LT) Is Used

In Copeland Compliant Scroll Compressor

• White Oil Is Compatible With 3GS
• May Use 3GS Oil When Adding Oil In the Field

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Against Reciprocating Scroll Against Reciprocating

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Reciprocating Compressor Operation Reciprocating Compressor Operation

Suction reed

• pens on

down stroke Divider in the head separates high pressure (Discharge) vapour & low pressure (Suction) vapour H L

Piston

Discharge reed

• pens on up stroke

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Recip Recip Has Lower Volumetric Efficiency Has Lower Volumetric Efficiency

H L

Piston Top Of Up Stroke Unable to discharge all vapour

Some Some refrigerant refrigerant remains in remains in compression compression chamber chamber

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Reciprocating Re-Expansion Reciprocating Re-Expansion

H L Down Stroke Vapor in pocket expands into cylinder before suction reed

• pens

Scrolls do not have refrigerant re-expansion

Lower capacity / lower efficiency than scroll Lower capacity / lower efficiency than scroll

Piston

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Advantages Of Scroll Advantages Of Scroll

Reciprocating Scroll

15 Parts (2 Cylinders) 2 Parts

Scroll requires fewer parts to compress gas

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Advantages Of Scroll Advantages Of Scroll

Reciprocating Scroll

Lower heat pump capacity High heat pump capacity

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Low Discharge Pulse Low Discharge Pulse

The result of continuous compression The result of continuous compression

• 2.50
• 2.00
• 1.50
• 1.00
• 0.50

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05

Time (sec.) Pressure (psi)

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Scroll Sound Advantage Scroll Sound Advantage

Sound (dBA) Recip Scroll 90 80 70 60

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Sound Power Spectrum Comparison Sound Power Spectrum Comparison

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 6300 8000 10000 Total A-Weighted Sound Power Level (dBA) A-Weighted Sound Power Level (dBA) 1/3 Octave Center Frequency (Hz) 1/3 Octave Center Frequency (Hz)

Recip Scroll

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Low Voltage Performance Low Voltage Performance

• Radial Compliance Allows Scrolls To Always

Start Unloaded

– Scroll forms separate after shutdown; full pressure

equalisation

• Starts Easily Because There Is No Initial

Compression Load

– Even in high ambient, low voltage situations

• Voltage Specifications Of Copeland Scrolls:

– Voltage range: +/- 10% nominal voltage – Must start voltage: 85% of nominal voltage

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

Can The Scroll Be A “Drop-In” Replacement? Can The Scroll Be A “Drop-In” Replacement?

• Drop-In Replacement Of A Failed Reciprocating

Compressor With A Scroll Compressor Is Not Optimum

• Minimum Considerations

– Optimum sizing of expansion device

• Scrolls have different mass flow rates

– Design of the discharge line

• Scrolls have different vibration characteristics

– Reverse rotation

• For three-phase scrolls only

– Mounting Dimensions

Reciprocating To Scroll Reciprocating To Scroll

When in doubt, always refer to the manufacturer!

Technical Training Technical Training Technical Training Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics Scroll Compressor Characteristics

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