Selecting Technologies for ETEC Soil Treatability Study y y STIG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Selecting Technologies for ETEC Soil Treatability Study y y STIG Meeting; January 31, 2012 Christi D. Leigh, PhD Repository Performance Department 6212 Repository Performance Department, 6212 SAND2012 XXXX Sandia National Laboratories is a

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SLIDE 1

Selecting Technologies for ETEC Soil Treatability Study y y

STIG Meeting; January 31, 2012 Christi D. Leigh, PhD

Repository Performance Department 6212 Repository Performance Department, 6212

SAND2012‐XXXX

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

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SLIDE 2

Universe of technologies

Sandia Literature Search

Technologies for ETEC

Search

Technologies for ETEC

Expert Opinion Survey

Excavation default

y

3

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SLIDE 3

What will the toolbox include?

  • Will Recommend
  • Technologies for a given contaminant.
  • Technologies for representative soil types, depths, and conditions.
  • These are the technologies that could be used.
  • Will Not Decide
  • Will Not Decide
  • DOE and DTSC are the decision makers

4

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SLIDE 4

Defining the problem

  • Developed a set of 14 scenarios
  • Scenarios represent the range of soil types, depths, and

p g yp , p , conditions at the ETEC site

  • Scenarios represent a generic picture of the site

5

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SLIDE 5

Identify tools for the toolbox

  • Utilize scenarios to create an “Expert Opinion Survey” as a

means of soliciting the opinions of soil remediation experts on possible remediation approaches

  • 56 experts were invited to participate in “Expert Opinion

Survey” Survey

  • 13 experts responded positively to our invitation

6

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SLIDE 6

What experts did we contact?

  • Experts are from:
  • universities (14 contacted, 0 responded),
  • private industry (15 contacted, 3 responded),
  • government agencies (DOE, EPA, NMED, USAC, USDA, USAF)

(16 contacted, 0 responded) and p

  • Sandia National Laboratories (11 contacted, 10 responded)

7

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SLIDE 7

What experts responded?

  • Experts have varied backgrounds, including:
  • Chemical and Environmental Engineering (7)
  • Hydrogeology (3)
  • Geochemistry (2)
  • Biology (1)

Biology (1)

8

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SLIDE 8

What did we ask the experts?

  • Experts were asked to provide the following information for

each scenario:

  • Select a technology or technology treatment train
  • Select a technology or technology treatment train
  • Rate the effectiveness, reliability/durability and treatment duration
  • Describe why the technology or technologies were selected
  • Describe characteristics of the scenario that limited or restricted the

technology choices

  • Describe limitations of implementing the technology
  • Describe potential impacts of implementing the technology

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SLIDE 9

Scenario 1 – Steep Drainage, 2 Contaminants

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Incineration (3)

Incineration (3)

  • Rhizodegradation (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl TPH = Total Petroleum TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon BGS = Below Ground Surface 10

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SLIDE 10

Scenario 2 – Flat Multi Contaminant

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • In-situ soil flushing (4)

In situ soil flushing (4)

  • Phytoaccumulator/

chelator (2)

  • Bioaugmentation (2)

Bi i l i (2)

  • Biostimulation (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic H d b Hydrocarbons TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon 11

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SLIDE 11

Scenario 3 – Deep

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Thermal desorption (3)

Thermal desorption (3)

  • Rhizodegradation (2)
  • Soil washing (2)

PCB P l hl i t d Bi h l PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon y VOC = Volatile Organic Compound BGS = Below Ground Surface 12

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SLIDE 12

Scenario 4 – Radiological Area

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • In-situ flushing (4)

In situ flushing (4)

  • Soil washing (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl BGS = Below Ground Surface 13

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SLIDE 13

Scenario 5 – Soil Vapor

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Soil Vapor Extraction

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) (8)

  • Air sparging (2)
  • In-well vapor stripping

(2) (2)

  • Permeable reactive

barrier (2)

TCE = Trichloroethylene 14

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SLIDE 14

Scenario 6 – Shallow Drainage

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Biostimulation (2)

Biostimulation (2)

  • Soil washing (2)
  • Solvent extraction (2)
  • Incineration (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons SVOC = Semivolatile Organic SVOC = Semivolatile Organic Compounds BGS = Below Ground Surface 15

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SLIDE 15

Scenario 7 – Perched Groundwater

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Soil vapor extraction

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) (3)

  • Incineration (3)
  • Biostimulation (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons BGS = Below Ground Surface 16

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SLIDE 16

Scenario 8 – Pond

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Phytoaccumulator/

Phytoaccumulator/ chelator (2)

  • Biostimulation (2)
  • In-situ flushing (2)

P bl i b i

  • Permeable reactive barrier

(2)

  • Incineration (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCT = Polychlorinated Terphenyls TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon SVOC = Semivolatile Organic C d 17 Compound BGS = Below Ground Surface

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SLIDE 17

Scenario 9 – Flat Leach Field

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Phytodegradation (2)

Phytodegradation (2)

  • Biostimulation (2)
  • In-situ flushing (2)
  • Incineration (2)

PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon SVOC = Semivolatile Organic Compound BGS = Below Ground Surface 18

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SLIDE 18

Scenario 10 – Flat Single Contaminant Class

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Incineration (3)

Incineration (3)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl BGS = Below Ground Surface 19

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SLIDE 19

Scenario 11 – Perchlorate Contamination

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Phytodegradation (2)

Phytodegradation (2)

  • In-situ soil flushing (2)
  • Soil Vapor Extraction

(SVE) (2)

PCB = Polychlorinated Biphenyl Hydrocarbon SVOC = Semivolatile Organic Compound Compound BGS = Below Ground Surface 20

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SLIDE 20

Scenario 12 – NDMA Contamination

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Soil Vapor Extraction

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) (3)

  • Phytodegradation (2)

NDMA N Nit di th l i NDMA = N-Nitrosodimethylamine VOC = Volatile Organic Compound SVOC = Semivolatile Organic Compound p BGS = Below Ground Surface 21

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SLIDE 21

Scenario 13 – Dredge Material

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • In-situ flushing (2)

In situ flushing (2)

  • Soil washing (2)

PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon SVOC = Semivolatile Organic Compound BGS = Below Ground Surface 22

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SLIDE 22

Scenario 14 – Fuel Tank Area

Top technologies selected by the experts:

  • Phytodegradation (2)

Phytodegradation (2)

  • Biostimulation (2)

PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons TPH = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon BGS = Below Ground Surface 23

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SLIDE 23

Technologies selected most often by E t Experts

  • Soil Vapor Extraction

I it Fl hi

  • In‐situ Flushing
  • Biostimulation
  • Incineration

Incineration

  • Phytodegradation

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SLIDE 24

Technologies selected by contaminant

Metals

Radioactive Elements

S il W hi Incineration Phytodegradation Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

Metals

Permeable Reactive Barrier Incineration Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

Radioactive Elements

Vitrification Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Permeable Reactive Barrier Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Rhizodegradation Electrokinetics Soil Washing

gies

Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Electrokinetics Soil Washing Phytodegradation Permeable Reactive Barrier

  • gies

Bioaugmentation Air Sparging Pyrolysis Thermal Desorption Physical/Chemical Soil Vapor Extraction Vitrification

Technolog

Other Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Rhizodegradation Physical/Chemical Vitrification Techbolo Phytoremediation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Biosorption Solvent Extraction Hot Air/Steam Injection Rhizoaccumulation g Biosorption Air Sparging Soil Vapor Extraction Pyrolysis Other

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of Times Selected

2 4 6 8 10 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 25

Technologies selected by contaminant

Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCTs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Permeable Reactive Barrier Incineration

Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCTs)

Soil Washing Rhizodegradation Biostimulation Incineration In‐Situ Flushing

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Pyrolysis Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

gies

Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Air Sparging Electrokinetics Permeable Reactive Barrier Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Soil Vapor Extraction Phytodegradation

  • gies

Biosorption Air Sparging Electrokinetics Pyrolysis

Technolog

Rhi l i Pyrolysis Vitrification Bioaugmentation Physical/Chemical Solvent Extraction Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection

Technolo

Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytodegradation Rhizodegradation

In‐Situ Oxidation Phytoremediation Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Biosorption In‐Well Vapor Stripping Other Rhizoaccumulation

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1 2 3 Number of Times Selected 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 26

Technologies selected by contaminant

N Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Dioxins

Phytodegradation Soil Vapor Extraction

N‐Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

Soil Washing In‐Situ Flushing Biostimulation Incineration

Dioxins

In‐Well Vapor Stripping Soil Washing Hot Air/Steam Injection

gies

Solvent Extraction Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytodegradation Rhizodegradation Permeable Reactive Barrier g

gies

Physical/Chemical Air Sparging In Well Vapor Stripping

Technolog

In‐Well Vapor Stripping Pyrolysis Vitrification Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Electrokinetics Soil Vapor Extraction

Technolog

Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Rhizoaccumulation Biostimulation In‐Situ Oxidation Rhizoaccumulation Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Biosorption In Well Vapor Stripping

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1 2 3 4 Number of Times Selected 2 4 6 8 10 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 27

Technologies selected by contaminant

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Phytodegradation Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Phytodegradation Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)

Thermal Desorption Vitrification Electrokinetics Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Soil Vapor Extraction Rhizodegradation Soil Washing Incineration

es

Electrokinetics Permeable Reactive Barrier Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Washing Incineration Phytodegradation

es

Rhizoaccumulation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Hot Air/Steam Injection Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Bioaugmentation Physical/Chemical Permeable Reactive Barrier Solvent Extraction p

Technologie

Rhizoaccumulation Rhizodegradation Air Sparging Pyrolysis Vitrification Physical/Chemical Electrokinetics

Technologie

Phytoremediation Biomining Biosorption Air Sparging Pyrolysis Radiofrequency or microwave heating In‐Situ Oxidation Rhizoaccumulation

Bioaugmentation Biosorption In‐Well Vapor Stripping Solvent Extraction Hot Air/Steam Injection Phytoaccumulator /Chelator

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Number of Times Selected 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 28

Technologies selected by contaminant

Volatile Organic Compounds Trichloroethylene (TCE) Vapor

Soil Vapor Extraction

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Vapor Extraction

Trichloroethylene (TCE) Vapor

Soil Washing Hot Air/Steam Injection Phytodegradation

es

Air Sparging In‐Well Vapor Stripping

gies

Physical/Chemical Air Sparging In‐Well Vapor Stripping

Technologie

Phytodegradation Bioaugmentation Physical/Chemical

Technolog

Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Rhizoaccumulation Biostimulation Other Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction ytodeg adat o

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1 2 3 4 Number of Times Selected 2 4 6 8 10 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 29

Technologies selected by contaminant

Perchlorate Pesticides/Herbicides

Phytodegradation In‐Situ Flushing Soil Vapor Extraction

Perchlorate

In‐Situ Flushing Soil Vapor Extraction Incineration

Pesticides/Herbicides

Soil Washing Incineration Pyrolysis Hot Air/Steam Injection Phytodegradation

gies

Ph d d i Rhizodegradation Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Washing Biostimulation

gies

Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Washing

Technolog

Solvent Extraction Pyrolysis Vitrification Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytodegradation

Technolog

Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Rhizoaccumulation Bioaugmentation Biostimulation In‐Situ Oxidation Physical/Chemical Electrokinetics In‐Well Vapor Stripping

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1 2 3 Number of Times Selected 1 2 3 4 5 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 30

Technologies selected by contaminant

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Incineration Biostimulation In‐Situ Flushing

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)

Vit ifi ti Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Electrokinetics Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Washing Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Rhizodegradation Phytodegradation

es

Physical/Chemical Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection Bioaugmentation Air Sparging Soil Vapor Extraction Pyrolysis Vitrification

Technologie

Biomining Biosorption In‐Situ Oxidation Solvent Extraction Radiofrequency or microwave heating Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Other ys ca /C e ca

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213 Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 31

Technologies by expert groups

Engineer Geochemist

Hot Air/Steam Injection Radiofrequency or microwave heating Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Vertical Thermal Well Vitrification Other

Engineer

Hot Air/Steam Injection Radiofrequency or microwave heating Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Vertical Thermal Well Vitrification Other

Geochemist

Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Washing Solvent Extraction Thermal Incineration Pyrolysis Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection

gies

Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Washing Solvent Extraction Thermal Incineration Pyrolysis Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection

gies

Biostimulation Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Electrokinetics In‐Situ Flushing In‐Situ Oxidation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Multi‐Phase Extraction e eab e eact e a e

Technolog

Biostimulation Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Electrokinetics In‐Situ Flushing In‐Situ Oxidation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Multi‐Phase Extraction e eab e eact e a e

Technolog

Phytoremediation Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Phytoaccumulator/ Chlorocomplexes Stress Induced Phytoaccumulation Bacterial Biomining Biosorption Phytoremediation Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Phytoaccumulator/ Chlorocomplexes Stress Induced Phytoaccumulation Bacterial Biomining Biosorption

32

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of Times Selected

2 4 6 8 10 12

Number of Times Selected

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SLIDE 32

Technologies by expert groups

Biologist Hydrogeologist

/ Radiofrequency or microwave heating Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Vertical Thermal Well Vitrification Other

Biologist

Hot Air/Steam Injection Radiofrequency or microwave heating Thermal Blanket (ISTD) Vertical Thermal Well Vitrification Other

Hydrogeologist

Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Washing Solvent Extraction Thermal Incineration Pyrolysis Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection

gies

Permeable Reactive Barrier Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Washing Solvent Extraction Thermal Incineration Pyrolysis Thermal Desorption Hot Air/Steam Injection

gies

Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Electrokinetics In‐Situ Flushing In‐Situ Oxidation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Multi‐Phase Extraction Permeable Reactive Barrier p

Technolog

Biostimulation Physical/Chemical Air Sparging Electrokinetics In‐Situ Flushing In‐Situ Oxidation In‐Well Vapor Stripping Multi‐Phase Extraction e eab e eact e a e

Technolog

Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Phytoaccumulator/ Chlorocomplexes Stress Induced Phytoaccumulation Bacterial Biomining Biosorption Biostimulation Physical/Chemical Phytoremediation Hyperaccumulation/Phytoextraction Phytoaccumulator /Chelator Phytoaccumulator/ Chlorocomplexes Stress Induced Phytoaccumulation Bacterial Biomining Biosorption

33

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of Times Selected

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of Times Selected