Sean M. Davis Craig Long (NOAA CPC, USA) Gloria L. Manney - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASSESSM SESSMEN ENT O OF UPPER T TROPOSPHERIC AND STRATOSPHERIC WATER V VAPOR OR A AND OZON OZONE IN IN REANALYSES SES AS AS P PAR ART O OF S-RIP RIP

Sean M. Davis

NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, USA

Michaela I. Hegglin

University of Reading, UK Rossana Dragani (ECMWF, UK) Masatomo Fujiwara (Hokkaido University, Japan) Yayoi Harada (JMA, Japan) Chiaki Kobayashi (JMA, Japan) Craig Long (NOAA CPC, USA) Gloria L. Manney (NorthWest Research Associates, USA) Eric Nash (Science Systems and Applications, Inc, USA) Gerald L. Potter (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA) Susann Tegtmeier (GEOMAR, Germany) Tao Wang (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA) Krzysztof Wargan (NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, US; SSAI, USA) Jonathon S. Wright (Tsinghua University, China)

MOTIVATION

• Stratospheric O3 is Earth’s UV shield
• Stratospheric WV and O3 are radiatively active– affect T in stratosphere, and have a RF
• Strat WV impacts O3
• Strat WV is a climate feedback (~ ice-albedo feedback)

Solomon et al., 2010

OVERVIEW

• Material from S-RIP Ch. 4 and Davis et al. (ACP, 2017)
• Treatment of water vapor and ozone in reanalyses
• Observational data for comparison
• Evaluation of ozone
• Evaluation of water vapor
• Conclusions and guidance for users
• Ke

Key R Results:

• Ozone: Column amount well represented. Vertical profile less consistent, with biases in

upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS).

• Water vapor: Poorly (or not) represented in stratosphere

OZONE TREATMENT IN REANALYSES

• Ozone treatment varies greatly
• Assimilate total column ozone from TOMS or SBUV
• Some assimilate vertically resolved obs

TC TCO Profile

WATER VAPOR TREATMENT IN REANALYSES

• Tropospheric WV assimilated (not covered)
• Stratospheric WV not assimilated
• Strat. WV representation highly variable
• Most reanalyses have prognostic WV, except

NCEP-NCAR & MERRA* (relaxation)

• Prognostic representation means control by

physical processes

• Dehydration at tropical tropopause
• Methane oxidation source in stratosphere

OBSERVATIONAL DATA FOR COMPARISON

• Non-indepdendent data: TOMS and SBUV/2 total column ozone
• (Quasi-) indepdendent data: SPARC-DI (2005-2010 climatology) and SWOOSH (1984 - )

Hegglin et al., JGR, 2013 Davis et al., ESSD, 2016 SPARC DI SWOOSH

EVALUATION OF COLUMN OZONE CLIMATOLOGY (1981 - 2010)

• Reanalyses generally agree best with the TCO data set they assimilate

EVALUATION OF OZONE VERTICAL STRUCTURE

• Reanalyses have upper stratosphere low bias, lower stratosphere high bias
• Limb observations

generally agree within ±5% in UTLS

• > real bias

EVALUATION OF OZONE: OZONE HOLE

• Reanalyses reproduce the ozone hole

reasonably well when they have input obs (not available during polar night)

• Only ERA* reanalyses represent ozone hole

chemistry

EVALUATION OF WATER VAPOR: VERTICAL STRUCTURE

• Reanalyses have strong high biases relative to SPARC DI in UTLS region
• Possible obs. issue
• MERRA* relaxes to MLS

SUMMARY

Ozone ne:

• Reanalyses generally reproduce total column amounts well, within ~10 DU (3%)
• Expected, because they assimilate this data!
• Except during polar night, when observations aren’t available
• Vertical structure is constrained by simple parameterizations
• Largest biases in UTLS and upper stratosphere

Water va r vapor: r:

• No observations assimilated in stratosphere
• Stratospheric data should generally not be used in scientific studies
• Plenty of room for improvement in stratospheric O3 and WV in reanalyses!