Rural Water Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa: A View from the World - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rural Water Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa:

A View from the World Bank

Presentation at RWSN Forum, Uganda December 1, 2011

Alexander Bakalian and Elizabeth Kleemeier

Contents

• 1. RWS Sector Overview in SSA
• 2. Drivers of Access
• 3. Barriers to Access
• 4. World Bank projects in RWS in SSA
• 5. A strategic vision for future Bank engagement
• 6. Summing up

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• 1. Overview: Improved Rural

Water Supplies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at: http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/graphs/

Significant progress in improved rural water access, 1990- 2008… but great need remains

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36% served 47% served

5 Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at: http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/graphs/

Disparities: Rural water access lags behind urban water 83% served 47% served

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at: http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/graphs/

Disparities: Significant differences among countries in rural water access

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0% 50% 75%

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• 2. Drivers of Access

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Political Economy Drove Access

Type of Political Economy Countries Low-income fragile Burundi, CAR, DRC. Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zimbabwe Low-income non- fragile Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda Resource rich Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia Middle income South Africa

Classification from IMF. 2007. Regional Economic Outlook, Sub-Saharan Africa

Political Economy Classification

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0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% LIC fragile LIC non- fragile Resource rich South Africa

Increase in Rural Water Supply Coverage, 1990 - 2008

Low income, stable countries made the most progress

Source: AMCOW Country Status Overviews, pg. 32 at: http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Synthesis-Report.pdf

10 Source: AMCOW Country Status Overviews, pg. 36 at: http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Synthesis-Report.pdf

Low-income, stable countries received much more aid (more on urban than rural)

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• 3. Barriers to Access

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Investment funds insufficient for low income countries

Type of Political Economy Annual share

• f GDP (%)

US $ millions per year 2001-2005 Needed 2001-2005 Needed Low income fragile 1.1 11.8 441 4,437 Low income non- fragile 1.7 7.1 1,840 7,810 Resource rich 1.0 2.9 2,637 6,364 Middle income 0.8 1.5 1,753 3,976

Source: Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee and Elvira Morella. 2011. Africa’s Water and Sanitation Infrastructure. World Bank. Pg. 205, 216

Spending Needs to Close MDG Coverage Gap for Water Supply and Sanitation

Time needed to meet MDG targets with today’s budget envelopes

Years taken to reach MDG target (counting from 2006) MIC RR LICNF LICF Existing spending only >30 >30 >30 >30 Existing spending plus efficiency gains <10 26 >30 >30

Breakdown rates in rural water supplies

Data Source Type of Rural Supply Percentage Non-functioning RWSN Handpumps 30 World Bank 2009 Handpumps 25 World Bank 2009 Mechanized Boreholes & Piped Schemes 25 World Bank 2007 Rural Water Points 24

See notes page for sources

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Poor maintenance

• 4. World Bank investment projects in

rural water supply and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ongoing or recently completed RWSS

• perations in 9 countries

Overview -- 17

Ghana, Tanzania, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Senegal are the big RWSS operations

List of Operations with RWSS Components

US millions Country RWSS Component Total Operations Ethiopia Water Supply and Sanitation 51 180 Ghana Small Towns 51 51 Ghana Sustainable Rural Water Supply and Sanitation 75 75 Malawi National Water Development II 11 75 Niger Water Sector 7 58 Senegal Water and Sanitation Millennium 36 55 Sierra Leone Power and Water 9 28 Sudan Water Supply and Sanitation 45 45 Tanzania Water Sector Support 60 200 Zambia Water Sector Performance Improvement 1 23 Total 346 790

Overview – Implementation Period

Country

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Malawi Niger Sierra Leone Zambia

Countries have major AFTUW RWSS operations

Overview -- 19

• 5. Looking into the future:

a strategic vision

What the World Bank will do: some preliminary building blocks (1)

• 1. Focus on Results in terms of outputs and
• utcomes
• 2. Mobilize increased lending by leveraging external

partnerships (conventional and new partners)

• 3. Work across sectors – health, education, income

producing activities, etc, to increase the visibility

• f the sector

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What the World Bank will do: some preliminary building blocks (2)

• 4. Maintain knowledge enhancement – focus on

evidence-based interventions (more impact evaluations) and collaboration on research

• 5. Move project towards programmatic lending once

intervention models are found to deliver results

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What the World Bank will do: some preliminary building blocks (3)

• 6. Investing in understanding the world of

political economy

• 7. Investing in capacity building
• 8. Embedding technology, behavior, resources in

country systems approach

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Framework for results

Strong client

• wnership

Availability of required capacity Focusing on most promising projects Strong Partnerships

• Demonstrated

willingness to lead policy and design of programs

• Strong,

capable client teams

• Stakeholder

participation

• Multi-Donor

approaches

• Explore new

types of partnerships

• Develop new

and innovative solutions (e.g. ICT)

• Leverage private

investment

• Close

information gap through research

• Ensure

sufficient time for project preparation

• Engage where

required capacities can be made available

Structural Issues that need to be addressed – food for thought for RWSN

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• Long-term financial sustainability to replace

infrastructure at the end of the economic life

• Ability to expand capacity to accommodate

population and economic growth

Summing up…

• Programmatic approaches are needed to deliver

results; leverage and partnerships are necessary

• Good governance, social accountability and capacity

building (at all levels) will ensure sustainable

• utcomes on access, service quality and financial

viability

• Rural water remains a major development issue

which needs the continued active engagement of governments and non-government organizations

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