Rubber Test Application Highlights Versatile and Dynamic - - PDF document

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Rubber Test Application Highlights

Versatile and Dynamic ElectroForce Instruments

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TA Instruments

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Thermal Analysis Rheology Dynamic Mechanical Characterization Instruments

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Thermogravimetric Analysis

Microcalorimetry Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Rheometers Rubber Process Analyzers

Dynamic Mechanical Characterization Instruments

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Soft Stiff

Engineered Materials

kPa MPa GPa TPa

“Effective Stiffness”

Rubber Tires Elastomers Metals Asphalt Stiff Polymers Composites Fibers Foils Thin Films Soft Polymers

https://www.giant-bicycles.com/en-us/bikes/series/xtc.advanced.ss/26045/

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Elastomers- Rubber

• DMA
• Heat Build Up
• Fatigue

Application Examples

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Rubber

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Example Purpose of Study

• Supplier comparison
• Three suppliers of BR rubber

component

• Identify mechanical property

differences

Test Method

• Strain Amplitude Sweep - Tension
• 0.01 to 15% Room Temp
• Temperature Sweep - Tension
• 1MPa 0.3MPa
• -75 to 0C

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Material & Geometry

• 70% NR + 30% BR
• 2mm x 13mm section
• 10-20mm gage length

Instrument

• ElectroForce 3230

(450 N)

• Temp Chamber
• Tensile Grips

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Results

Rubber DMA

• Strain Sweep
• Minor difference in

Loss Modulus

• Temp Sweep
• Negligible difference

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Rubber

Heat Build Up Example Purpose of Study

• BR Supplier comparison in heat

build up, aka blow-out, test

Test Method

• Leveraged ASTM D-623
• 2.0 kPa Mean Stress
• +/- 12.7% Strain
• 30Hz
• 50 C

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Material & Geometry

• 70% NR + 30% BR
• Rubber Cylinders
• 20mm Dia
• 20mm Height

Instrument

• ElectroForce 3330

(3000 N)

• Temp Chamber
• Phenolic Platens

with Temp Sensor

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Results

Rubber Heat Build Up

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Results

Rubber Heat Build Up

• Temperature Rise
• Similar Temps
• Different blow-out

performance

• Mean Deflection
• similar results

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Results

Rubber Heat Build Up

• Temperature Rise
• Similar Temps
• Different blow-out

performance

• Different mixing

methods yield significantly different results

• Mean Deflection
• Confirms difference in

mixing methods

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Rubber

Fatigue Example Purpose of Study

• Compare tensile fatigue of rubber

compounds for tire beads

• Evaluate rubber lifetime at expected

service temperatures

Test Method

• Pulse waveform
• 70 C Ambient
• 2.774Hz (30km/hr)
• Stress Ratio ~0.1

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Material & Geometry

• Tension dog-bone samples
• Approx 2mm x 3mm mid-section

x 10mm long

Instrument

• ElectroForce 3330

(3000 N)

• Temp Chamber
• Multi-Specimen

Fixture

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Results

Rubber Fatigue

6-Specimen Fixture with Load Sensors

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Results

Rubber Fatigue

• SN Curves Obtained
• Data is fit to

exponential line to compare mat’ls

σmax

n cycles 1M 0.1M

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ELECTROFORCE INSTRUMENTS

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ElectroForce 3200

• Up to 450 N Force
• 13mm Stroke
• +75mm Static Opt
• 150 to 315C Temp
• 0 to 300Hz

ElectroForce 3300

• Up to 3kN Force
• 25mm Stroke
• +150mm Static Opt
• 150 to 350C Temp
• 0 to 100Hz

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ElectroForce Motor Technology

Linear Motor Technology

• Superior Power Density
• Powerful rare earth magnets
• Moving magnet design
• Highly efficient
• Durability and Maintenance free
• Advanced flexure design
• Non-contact construction
• No moving wires/leads
• No seals, bearing or hydraulic
• il/pumps