Role of WMO in the Field of Hydrology and Water Resources Mohamed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

World Meteorological Organization

weather, climate and water

“ WATER AVAILABILITY ENHANCMENT PROJECT”

Consultation Meeting 4- 6 May 2010 Vienna, AUSTRIA

WMO: Climate and Water www.wmo.int

WMO Mohamed Tawfik, Chief Division, Basic System in Hydrology Climate & Water Department (WMO)

Role of WMO in the Field of Hydrology and Water Resources



WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

 Structure

 Hydrology and Water Resources Prog.



WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

 Definitions

 Needs & Requirements  WMO contribution



WHYCOS PROGRAMME



Background & Objectives  Development process & Projects  Guidelines & Web Portal

Presentation Structure

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

 Structure

 Hydrology and Water Resources Prog.

PART - I

■Co-ordinates global scientific activities to

allow increasingly prompt and accurate weather and water resources information for national, regional and international users.

■ Successful policy of free and unrestricted

exchange of meteorological data.

■ Stressing the need for freely sharing

hydrological information.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Organizational Structure of WMO

CONGRESS Executive Council Regional Associations Technical Commissions

Working Groups Rapporteurs Working Groups Rapporteurs Other Bodies JSC-WCRP , IPCC JSTC-GCOS Working Groups Panel of Experts

Secretary-General

Secretariat

WMO- Regional Associations

R.A. I Africa R.A.III South America R.A. V South-West Pacific R.A. VI Europe R.A. IV North and Central America R.A. II Asia

Basic Commissions

◆Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) ◆ Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) ◆ Commission for Hydrology (CHy) ◆ Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)

WMO - Technical Commissions

Applications Commissions ◆ Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) ◆ Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) ◆ Commission for Marine Meteorology (CMM) ◆ Commission for Climatology (CCl)

Role of WMO in the field of Hydrology and Water Resources

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme WMO Convention

"to promote activities in operational hydrology and close co-operation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services" Art: 2(e):

Role of WMO in the field of Hydrology and Water Resources

 Concentrates on promoting world-wide cooperation in evaluation of water resources and development of hydrological networks and services  Concerned with the assessment of quantity and quality of water resources  Standardization of all aspects of hydrological

• bservations and organized transfer of

hydrological techniques

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme

 Programme on Basic Systems in Hydrology (including WHYCOS)  Programme on Hydrological Forecasting and Applications  Programme on Capacity Building in Hydrology and Water Resources (including HOMS)  Programme on Water-related Issues Hydrology and Water Resources Programme

World Hydrologic Cycle Observation System

WHYCOS is conceived as a tool for improving the collection, dissemination and use of high quality, standardized and consistent hydrological and related data at the national, river basin, regional and international levels.

Integrated Flood Management

FIVE Guiding principles:

• River Basin as a management unit
• Risk management principles
• Mix of Structural and non-structural measures
• Multi-hazard approach
• Building societal resilience

FOUR OBJECTIVES:

• Minimize loss of life,
• Optimize effective use of flood plains
• Sustainable development
• Environmental Preservation

Quality Management Framework

• Hydrological Standards and Regulations
• Measurement Procedures
• Standardisation of new Technological

processes

• Equipment calibration
• Procedure for data processing
• Safety considerations

Guide to Hydrological Practices and Technical Regulations

Guide to Hydrological Practices and Technical Regulations

 As a general principle, the Technical Regulations set out the standards of hydrological practices which NHSs should implement and the Guide to Hydrological Practices describes the methods needed to implement the recommended practices.

 Metadata base does not contain or handle actual hydrological data;  It is designed to facilitate dissemination

• f continually updated hydrological

information;  It was formally inaugurated in 1987 with the publication of the INFOHYDRO Manual;  Efforts are made to update this database about every five years.

The Hydrological Information Referral Service INFOHYDRO

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL ENABLING ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION TRAINING

HR DEVELOPMENT NETWORK QUALITY MGMNT. DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION POLICIES, FUNDS

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE INCENTIVES SUSTAINABILITY SKILLS

Behaviour

(Confidence)

Service Delivery Water Sector Performance

STANDARD PROCEDURES

CAPACITY BUILDING

STAKEHOLDERS FORUM

Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System  HOMS is WMO System for Technology Transfer in Operational Hydrology  User-oriented approach to solving WR problems.  The system consist of various components proven operationally successful and used by NHMS.

HOMS

HOMS components

 Network design  Data collection, processing and storage  Hydrological modeling  Best practice for hydrologic forecasting and WRM.  Manuals and guidance material  Training material

HOMS Reference Manual (HRM)

 A catalogue (HOMS Reference Manual) is available.  Each item entered into the Reference Manual is identified as a component

• r series of components.

 The Manual is presently available on the Internet

• r in diskette.

ISO

Technical

Stakeholder Groupings

NGOs

Inter- Governmental Agencies Non- Government Agencies

UN Water Agencies

HWR

• f

WMO

River Basins Regional Economic Groups UNESCO UNEP WHO UNICEF UN-HABITAT IAEA UN-DESA ISDR WWC GWP IAHS ICID ICOLD IAHR UNDP UNIDO UNU FAO NBA MRC ICI

Maintains WMO's important role in international activities relating to water-resource assessment and hydrological forecasting and the Organization's collaboration with

• ther agencies

within the UN system.

Water-related Issues

PART - II

WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

 Definitions  Needs & Requirements  WMO contribution

Definitions

Water resources: Water available, or capable of being made available, for use in sufficient quantity and quality at a location and over a period of time appropriate for an identifiable demand Water resource assessment: Determination of the sources, extent, dependability and quality of water resources for their utilization and control

(International Glossary of Hydrology, WMO-UNESCO)

Need for Water Resources Assessment (WRA)

Growing concern for the environment and the concept of sustainable development Increasing pressure on the available world’s water resources, both in quantity and quality Expanding requirements for hydrological data, products and for the planning, management and protection of freshwater resources

Water Resources Assessment

 Freshwater resources are scarce and vulnerable  Allocation among competing uses  Ecologically sustainable development  Need to account for economic and social development  Need to account for perspective impacts

• f climate change

You can’t manage what you don’t know

Need for Water Resources Assessment

National Hydrological Services (NHSs)  Water Resources Assessment  Information for Water Managers  Assessment of Water Related Hazards  Hydrological Forecasting

First step for WRA is to assess the National Capability! WRA Is National Responsibility

National capabilities for WRA

 Institutional Framework  Manpower, education and training  Data  Infrastructures

Requirements

Institutional Framework

 Administrative – legal framework  Water policy and legislation  Relation between various institutions concerned by WR  Public – private relations  Planning  International cooperation  Research

Manpower, Education and Training

 Staff level and motivation  Formal educational curricula (high school and university) and non formal education (observers)  In service training

WMO Data Exchange Policy

Committed to broadening and enhancing, whenever possible, the free and unrestricted international exchange of hydrological data and products, in consonance with the requirements for WMO’s scientific and technical programmes

WMO resolutions 40 and 25

• Res. 40 (Cg-XII) 1995 - WMO policy and practice for the

exchange of meteorological and related data and products. “Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well being of all the nations…”

• Res 25 (Cg-XIII) 1999 - Exchange of hydrological data and

products. “Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis those hydrological data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well being of all the nations…”

WMO resolutions 40 and 25

 Members should also provide:

– Additional data and product for WMO programmes and projects and for the provision

• f other services;

– Free and unrestricted access to data and products to the research and education communities;

 Members have the right to put conditions on the re-export, for commercial purposes of data and products;

Close links with GRDC, IGRAC,IHE

Global Run off Data Centre

(GRDC)

The Global Data Runoff Centre (GRDC), established in 1988, operates under the auspices of WMO and is supported by, and located in, the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz, Germany. The principal objective of the Centre is to facilitate and optimize the information exchange of stream flow data world-wide. The GRDC database contains contributions from over 140 countries, and includes the data from hydrometric gauging stations located in various river basins. The quality and reliability of the contributed data is verified before entry into the database. The GRDC has the capability to provide interpreted hydrological information and does so for many

• rganizations, such as those of the UN system,

and for research projects. (http://www.wmo.ch/web/homs/grdchome.html) .

COOPERATION WITH OTHER WMO BODIES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PROJECTS RELATED TO HYDROLOGY WMO/ UN agencies / IGOs and NGOs

WMO maintains close co-operation with a number of agencies within the UN system, international river basin commissions, other IGOs NGOs. WMO cooperate with the World Water Council WMO’s links with the Global Water Partnership has resulted to the establishment

• f

Associated Programme

• n

Flood Management “WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management-APFM”. At the regional level WMO is co-operating with SADC, IGAD, ACMAD, NBA, NBI, LCBC and UNECA. WMO has established Memoranda of Understanding with some of them, which set out the areas of co-operation.

WMO has continued its co-operation with other international

• rganizations including UNESCO, UNEP, IAEA, FAO,…..

The working agreement between WMO and UNESCO “an efficient mechanism for co-ordination” WMO/UNESCO “International Glossary of Hydrology”. WMO/UNESCO“Water Resources Assessment- Handbook for Evaluation of National Capabilities With the government of the Netherlands supported the establishment of the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC) WMO/UNEP support IPCC WMO/IAEA “ International workshop on Groundwater” COOPERATION WITH OTHER WMO BODIES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PROJECTS RELATED TO HYDROLOGY

Water Resources Assessment Handbook for Review of National Capabilities.

 WMO /UNESCO initiative published in 1998  The Handbook is available in the six UN languages  Available in WMO Home Page on the Internet.  Series of Regional training of trainers Workshops were organized to introduce the methodology described in the handbook.  National workshops were also organized  Strong recommendation for developing another manual for assessing the resources  WMO and UNESCO are working closely in developing « Manual on Water Resources Assessment »

PART - III WHYCOS PROGRAMME Background & Objectives

 Development process & Projects  Guidelines & Web Portal

WHYCOS

World Hydrological Cycle Observing System

At the global level, there is: “concern that at a time when more precise and reliable information is needed about water resources, Hydrological Services and related bodies are less able than before to provide this information, especially information on groundwater and water quality”. (UNCED, 1992)

1) Determining how much water is available at the scale where decisions are made 2) Determining how much water is used (e.g., by ecosystems, humans) 3) Providing better predictions of water supply 4) Evaluating options (e.g. conservation) and implementing policies and programs to achieve regional objectives

THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE

TO MEET THE CHALANGES

 credible data are required for analysis of potential change  common criteria need to be adopted  quality of data is an important aspect  local expertise is required for screening

 Need for Credible Data  Need for Capacity Building

Insufficient data  Data Quality problems  Decline of Monitoring systems  Data archives inadequate  Lack of qualified staff  Lack of financial resources

WHYCOS The Problem !

Modern technology  Regional projects  National and Regional Databases  Capacity building  Ownership  Financial support

Solution

WMO RESPONSE

In response to the recommendation of Agenda 21 chapter 18 and the recommendations of UNDP/WB project

• n Hydrological Assessment for Sub-

Saharan countries, and to meet the Management challenge, WMO developed the WHYCOS concept in 1993

WHAT IS WHYCOS

 A system for building the capacity of water resources management at the national, river basin, regional and global levels Aims at promoting cooperation in the collection, transmission, processing, archiving and use of hydrological data and information

WHYCOS address the needs and requirements of the basins like integrated management of the water resources, flood forecasting, water quality monitoring, etc.

OBJECTIVES Long term

 Strengthen regional and international cooperation.  Establish a global network of key national stations.  Support Research and Climate Change Adaptation

Short term

 Strengthen technical and institutional capabilities of hydrological services.  Promote and facilitate dissemination and use

• f water-related information

 Better understanding of global hydrological cycle;  Improved knowledge on the status and trends of the world's freshwater resources, Understanding hydrological variability, detect climate change, and predict impacts of climate change,  Strengthen cooperation between NHS’s and NMS’s.  Strengthen regional cooperation

WHYCOS CONTRIBUT TO

WHYCOS SUPPORT AND IMPROVE

water resources data and information

 its availability,  its accuracy, and  its dissemination

For

 Integrated water resources management  Water resources assessment  Flood forecasting and warning  Groundwater monitoring and assessment  Water quality monitoring

WHYCOS STRUCTURE

WHYCOS consists of a number

• f different components, each

independently implemented and responsive to national and regional/basin needs.

WHYCOS DEVELOPMENT STAGES

Request stage (Countries, Regional bodies) Concept stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO) Proposal stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors) Project Implementation stage

Preparatory stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors) Field implementation (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors)

Maintenance and operation (Countries)

Information System

 Improving National and Regional data

collection systems

 Establishing National and Regional Data

Banks

 Preparation of information (products)  Dissemination of Information

Environmental variables Frequency of measurement per day 1. Water level 1 to 6 (depending on size of river) 2. Water pH 1 3. Water conductivity 1 4. Water temperature 1 5. Dissolved oxygen 1 6. Turbidity 1 7. Air temperature 8 (synoptic hours) 8. Rainfall 24, plus daily total 9. Relative humidity 8 (synoptic hours)

• 10. Wind speed

8 (synoptic hours)

• 11. Net radiation

8 (synoptic hours) Housekeeping variables Frequency of measurement per day

• 12. Battery voltage

1

• 13. Solar panel voltage

1

• 14. Memory status

1

• 15. Temperature inside instrument

housing 1

List of variables which could be provided by a DCP

Developing Products and Information

 Data Interpretation  Data Storage Retrieval and Dissemination  Water Resources Assessment  Planning and Strategy Development  Forecasting and Warning  Hydrological Predictions and Forecasting  Data and Information for IWRM

Use of Satellite Data and Information

 GIS technology for assessment of water resources and flood risk assessment  Satellite monitoring of Earth Observation Parameters  Use of Numerical Weather Predictions in hydrological prediction

International Water Initiative and WHYCOS

 Improve water governance

 capacity building and awareness  Improved efficiency and effectiveness of water management including WRA  Strengthen cooperation through promoting river basin approaches

WHYCOS & Capacity Building

FOCUS ON TRAINING

• The Training programme for any HYCOS

Component compose of nine modules (9).

• Each training module, the training is carried
• ut in two stages:

 Training of trainers at the Project

Regional Centre.  Training of staff of the NHSs in each country by the national trainers.

WHYCOS & Capacity Building

Ø M1: Limnimetry and Topographic Survey Ø M2: Flow Measurements with ADCP and with Current Meter Ø M3: Establishment of Rating Curves Ø M4: Installation and Management of Electronic DCPs Ø M5: Data Base Management and Computer Science Ø M6: Groundwater monitoring and assessment M7: Water quality Ø M8: Web Site Maintenance and Development of Hydrological Products Ø M9: Modelling and Flood Forecasting Ø M10: The use of Satellite Information for Planning and Management

• f Water Resources

WHYCOS & Capacity Building

Implementation Experiences

 The ownership of the WHYCOS programme and its regional components should remain within WMO.  Countries should have ownership of implemented projects.  WHYCOS Guidelines and web page is an essential  HYCOS components should be demand driven addressing the needs of the basin/ region  River/lake basin approach is recommended  Capacity building should be a major element in the implementation of any HYCOS project

Guidelines

Assist WHYCOS partners in developing and implementing the HYCOS components. Ensure Each project remains consistent with the WHYCOS objectives while responding to local needs, realities, and changing situations. Provide Guidance to partners on:  Main stages of project development

 Roles of different partners  How to govern, monitor and evaluate HYCOS

projects.

 Governance and Management  Policy issues  Sustainability  Project Outputs

Guidelines

Available in English, French and Spanish

WHYCOS Web Portal

Purpose

 To establish links between different WHYCOS components  Exchange experience among various projects.  Access to Web based data and information systems of HYCOS

components

Provides

 Overview of the WHYCOS programme  Platform for quality management framework  Capacity building network

WHYCOS Web Portal

• WWW. WHYCOS. Org

Curent Statuas

 Four (4) Projects completed implementation phase  Six (7) Project in final stage of implementation  Six (6) Projects under various development statges  Several Regional and National training courses  WHYCOS Guidelines available (E-F-S)  WHYCOS web-page online  Thirty seven (37) LDCs are participating in the

programme

Over WHYCOS the SUN Never Sets

Conclusions  Water issues are addressed by every one  Each organization has its expertise in specific area in Water  Cooperation and collaboration among agencies is needed

• WWW. WMO. int
• WWW. HYCOS. org

The end