risk mitigation: ensuring food security in the conflict affected - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1 Transboundary animal disease control and risk mitigation: ensuring food security in the conflict affected area of Eastern Ukraine Meeting/Workshop title place and date African Swine Fever 2 The virus Stable over a wide range of
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The virus Stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH, so it persists in excretions, carcasses and pig meat Hosts Domestic pigs
Feral pigs and wild boar equally susceptible Humans are NOT susceptible
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Prevention:
Awareness & Training Realistic biosecurity Prevent swill feeding Control at borders, seaports, airports, etc
Control:
No vaccine or treatment Stamping out (ONLY if compensation and infrastructure is in place) Movement control Awareness Socio-economic impact due to large mortality and morbidity in particular for rural poor families
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later in domestic pigs endemic in many regions
pigs)
boar)
followed by re-introduction and massive spread in 2014 till now
Currently ASF endemic in many regions of Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Virus is also detected in Podlaskie region of Poland. There is high risk of further spread to Romania, Hungary and Slovakia and further
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Revise/update surveillance protocols Capacity development of state veterinary service 4 national workshops covering : contingency planning, early warning and early response, active and passive surveillance in domestic pigs and wild boars, outbreak management: stamping out, disinfection, zoning; biosecurity protocols for pig production Provision of lab reagents Laboratory diagnostics capacity development Decision support systems (GIS) - Ukraine Public awareness
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ASF web resource www.asf.vet.ua Decision support systems (GIS) – Ukraine https://sites.google.com/site/uastopasf/home STOP ASF” - Ukrainian on-line decision support GIS Google translate from Ukrainian !
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Assistance via partnership projects
understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of ASF in Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine training in prevention and control measures public awareness
in Ukraine with support of Government of Japan in cooperation with Association of Pork Breeders improving contingency plans at national and 6 regions level ( Kyiv, Poltava, Zhytomyr, Volyn, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk) through simulation exercises improving the knowledge and awareness of local vets; and raising the awareness of smallholders, small and medium-sized pig farmers on ASF capacity development in laboratory diagnostics
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Ukraine: (May 2009): > 50 participants Belarus: (May 2009): > 20 participants
16 diagnosticians from Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine ELISA Ab & Ag detection, RT-PCR and immunoflourescence microscopy
December 2012.
Europe, supported by Government of Italy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e Marche (IZS-UM) National Reference Laboratory for CSF and ASF, 11-15 November 2013 Perugia, Italy,
Classical and African Swine Fever, 2-3 September 2013, Vilnius, Lithuania Biosecurity- fundament for animal health 23-24 March 2015, Riga, Latvia
Other assistance via capacity building workshops
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Early warnings:
2007 - ASF in Georgia -
http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/230205/EW_ASF_ Georgia_Jun07.pdf
2008 - ASF in the Caucasus -
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/aj214e/aj214e00.pdf
2009 - ASF spread in the Russian Federation and the risk for the region
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak718e/ak718e00.pdf
Assessments:
2010 - FAO takes a close look at the threat of ASF introduction into Eastern Europe
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1958e/i1958e00.pdf
Periodic situation updates
updates
http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap372e/ap372e.pdf
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Пособие по подготовке чрезвычайных ситуаций на случай эпидемий африканской чумы свиней http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1196r/i1196r00.htm Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1435e/i1435e00.pdf Recognizing African Swine Fever. A Field Manual http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/d
Африканская Чума Свиней в Российской Федерации (2007-2012) http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3748r.pdf
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Printing materials Quantity of required copies for Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts Covered by FAO Percentage ASF Manual 170 170 100% Vertical posters 1500 500 33% Horizontal posters 1500 500 33% Leaflets for population 100000 1000*** 1% * together with OCHA
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in many ex USSR countries weakened capacities of veterinary services to address emerging transboundary diseases like ASF.
disease.
difficult to ensure in traditional backyard pig breeding farms with very low biosecurity conditions in majority of Eastern European Countries.
infection pigs and quarantine which requires fair and timely compensation to pig
private veterinary practitioners, private commercial farmers, farmers/rural population, hunters/foresters/wild life experts researches/academia is crucial the disease prevention and control .
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Protection and Food Safety for outbreak management via training of staff and provision of equipment for culling and disposal of carcasses ensuring environmental and biosecurity requirements, provision of disinfectants and disinfection equipment
small ruminants, poultry, rabbits, and bee keeping
hunters, traders/processors
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by a Capripox virus (LSD virus; LSDV) The disease is characterized by the appearance of nodules on the skin of cattle. Other findings may include fever, oedema, lymph node enlargement, and pox lesions on mucous membranes and internal organs. Production losses are associated with loss of milk and body condition, damage to hides, abortion and infertility. A study estimated that milk production losses in infected Turkish herds ranged from 10% to 85% (mean = 45%), with a 30 day average duration of milk production loss. Transmission of LSDV is mainly associated with mechanical transfer of virus by an incompletely characterised range of biting arthropods, such as mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and possibly ticks, feeding on live infected hosts
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Period when disease first reported Country 1929-1948 Zambia (1929) 1949-1968 Botswana (1943) South Africa (1944) Zimbabwe (1945) Kenya (1957) 1969-1978 Madagascar (1969) Sudan (1972) Nigeria (1974) 1979-1988 Ethiopia (1983) Somalia (1983) Egypt (1988) 1989-1998 Israel (1989) 1999-2008 2009-2012 Oman (2010) Lebanon (2012) 2013-2016 Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine (2013) Iran, Kuwait, Cyprus, Azerbaijan (2014) Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Greece (2015) Bulgaria, FYROM, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, Georgia (2016)
Taking into consideration the speed of LSD spread and characteristic “jumps” over big distances (100-150 km) observed previously in Balkans and Russia, incursion into Ukrainian cattle population could likely lead to an explosive spread over wide territory in particular area with poor displaced rural families.
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carried out well in advance provides the best protection.
controlled or totally banned. If allowed animals moved should be accompanied by veterinary certificate giving all data for origin of animals and animal health guarantees.
by avoiding communal grazing if possible without animal welfare issues.
after it has been established that full immunity has been provided by the vaccinate (three weeks after vaccination).
vector transmission of the disease. This measure cannot fully prevent transmission but may reduce the risk.
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vaccines have been developed against LSD.
attenuated LSDV vaccines against LSDV. Live attenuated LSDV containing vaccines provide good protection in cattle if 80% vaccination coverage is attained. In practise, all animals need to be vaccinated, including small calves and pregnant cows.
ring-vaccinations
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In many affected countries either total or partial stamping-out policies have been
decision makers. According to the EFSA Urgent advise on lumpy skin disease, vaccination has a greater impact in reducing LSDV spread than any stamping-out policy. The most important challenge arising from stamping-out is that cattle owners will
the disease through the illegal movement of infected animals. Therefore, stamping-
could be problematic currently in Ukraine. Total stamping-out has the best chance to be successful and practical if the first incursion of the disease to a country or defined region is detected and notified without delay and the threat of repeated incursions is low. Regardless of selected stamping-out policy, severely affected animals should always be removed from the herd because they serve as a source of virus for vectors, recovery of these animals is usually several months and they are not likely to re-gain the pre-infection level of production.
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For more details please contact Mr Andriy Rozstalnyy, FAO Animal Production and Health Officer via e-mail: Andriy.Rozstalnyy@fao.org