Hazard Mitigation Planning Katie Sommers State Hazard Mitigation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Katie Sommers

State Hazard Mitigation Officer

Roxanne Gray

Mitigation Section Supervisor

Hazard Mitigation Planning

What is Mitigation?

“Mitigation is any sustained action taken to eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to human life and property from natural and technological hazards”

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):

Photo from Soldiers Grove, WI Photo from Kenosha County

Break the Cycle

Disaster

• Disasters cost society

too much

• State and federal aid

insufficient

• Can prevent future

damages

• Less impact and speed

response and recovery process

• Mitigation happens at

the local level

Why Do We Mitigate?

• $80 Billion 2004-2011

(GAO) responding to disasters

• $6 Billion per year in

flood damages

• Costs continue to rise
• People continue to

build and live in high- risk areas

Why Do We Mitigate?

Nationwide Trends

Why Do We Mitigate?

• $3 billion in disaster-related

damages last 3 decades

• 12 Federal Disaster

Declarations in the 90’s compared to 6 in the 80’s

• 2000, 2001, two in 2002,

2004, 2007, 2008, two in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

• 2 snow emergencies (2000

and 2008)

In Wisconsin

For every $1 spent on mitigation, $4 is saved in future damages.

(Per the National Institute of Building Sciences -2005)

Value of Mitigation

Gays Mills, WI

Examples of Mitigation

Acquisition/Demolition

Communities acquire land, demolish structures, and keep the land in

• pen space.

Images from Darlington, WI

Elevation

Elevation raises a structure out of the floodplain. Wisconsin has specific regulations to follow with elevation projects. See DNR for more information. Images from Soldiers Grove, WI

Floodwall

Floodwalls can prevent water from inundating structures that cannot be elevated, relocated, or demolished. Image from Darlington, WI

Community Safe Room

Community safe rooms built to FEMA-361 standards can withstand winds up to 250 MPH.

Image from Town of Dunn, WI

Stormwater Detention

Detention ponds can store stormwater runoff, decreasing flash flooding in urban areas.

Image from MMSD Stormwater Detention Project (Wauwatosa, WI)

Stormwater

Stream restoration allows watersheds to better manage flooding.

Image from Theinsville, WI

River Warning Systems

River warning systems installed on conservation dams to warn county

• fficials about expected dam breaching.

Images from Vernon County

• Raise appliances

and utilities

• Install back-flow

valves

• Retrofit for wind

resistance

• Education and

public awareness

• Insurance (flood

and sewer backup)

• Land use planning

Other Projects

Mobile Home Tie-Downs NOAA Weather Radios Proper Landscaping

• Enhance recreation

and tourism

• Parks
• Trails
• Increase community

pride & improve quality of life

• Save tax dollars

Benefits of Mitigation

Darlington, WI Chaseburg, WI

Mitigation Planning

• Use skills, experience, and

expertise of wide range of groups

• Address broad range of

hazards

• Involve and educate

citizens

• Identify the best mitigation

projects

• Gain public and political

support

Benefits of Pre-Disaster Planning

Soldiers Grove, WI

• Mitigation can support other goals of the community
• Capitalize on mitigation opportunities after a disaster
• Identify sources of technical and financial assistance
• Fewer constraints on time and resources vs. post-

disaster

Darlington, WI

Benefits of Pre-Disaster Planning

• Public Law 106-390

signed into law 10/30/00

• Establishes a national

disaster hazard mitigation program

• Section 203:

Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program

• Section 322: Mitigation

Planning Requirement

Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000

• To reduce disaster losses thru pre-disaster

mitigation planning by pre-identifying, cost- effective mitigation

• Mitigation planning would then streamline and

speed up the recovery process

Vision of DMA 2000

• Describe actions to

mitigate hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities

• Establish strategy to

implement those actions

• Pre-identify projects

to ensure comprehensive, integrated approach to hazard reduction

Mitigation Planning

• Local Planning – 44 CFR Part 201.6
• Tribal Planning – 44 CFR Part 201.7
• Components
• Planning Process
• Risk Assessment
• Mitigation Strategy
• Plan Maintenance Process
• Plan Adoption
• Plan Review

Local/Tribal Mitigation Plan Criteria

• Issues and

Opportunities

• Housing
• Transportation
• Utilities and

Community Facilities

• Agricultural, Natural,

and Cultural Resources

• Economic

Development

• Intergovernmental

Cooperation

• Land Use
• Implementation

Comprehensive Planning

• Must have an approved All-Hazards

Mitigation Plan to receive PDM, HMGP, FMA

• Local plans have to be reviewed, updated,

and re-approved every 5 years

Planning Deadlines

• Should allow one year to 18 months for update
• Plan expires 5 years from approval date

Plan Updates

Vernon County, WI

Planning Process

Planning Process

• 1. Determine the planning area and

resources

• 2. Form and organize the team
• 3. First steps
• 4. Engage the public
• 5. Document the process

• 3. First Steps
• Establish responsibilities
• Confirm the purpose of the plan
• Review the current mitigation plan
• Refine the plan scope and schedule
• Develop an outreach strategy

• 3. First Steps
• Review Existing Plans, Studies, and Laws

– Stormwater studies – Engineering reports – Floodplain ordinances – State Hazard Mitigation Plan – Comprehensive plans – Local hazard analysis – Land use plans – Building codes

• Tell your story. Educate the public about the

progress and the results of the planning process.

• Publish progress in a newspaper.
• Publish newsletters or brochures.
• Host public-input workshops and/or focus

groups.

• Open planning meetings to the public.
• 4. Engage the Public

• Consider outreach activities at local festivals,

fairs, or other public events.

• Post progress and results on the internet.

Allow electronic feedback submissions.

• Have the draft plan available for review at

county and municipal buildings, libraries, etc. Display the final plan once it’s approved.

• Be creative!!
• 4. Engage the Public

• Documentation of the planning process is a

requirement!

• Plan adoption is a requirement!
• Document time and expenses for local match

for FEMA grants.

• 5. Document the Process

• 5. Document the Process

Include copies of…

• Meeting agendas, sign-in sheets, minutes
• Public notices
• Media articles
• Public comments or input
• Surveys
• Correspondence

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment: What is it?

• A process that produces a specific section of

your plan that answers these questions:

What hazards could affect your jurisdiction? What assets could be affected? What areas of your jurisdiction are vulnerable to hazards? To what degree will these assets be affected?

Risk Assessment: Why?

• Better-understand which hazards affect your

community

– Previous occurrences – Probability of future events

• Estimate potential impacts and losses
• Consider how future development impacts

hazards, risk, and potential losses

• Provide sufficient information to develop and

prioritize mitigation actions to reduce the risk from identified hazards

• Information from local risk assessments is

integrated into the State Plan to help establish statewide goals and policies

Risk Assessment: Outcomes

Process

• Identify hazards that occur

– Which ones are most prevalent? – Natural hazards required, technological hazards

• ptional
• Describe the hazards

– Type, extent, previous occurrences, severity, duration

• Estimate losses and impacts to your community

Describe the Hazards

Item Examples Hazard Extent

(strength, magnitude)

• High, medium, low (define)
• Enhanced Fujita Scale
• Water depth
• Wind speed

Previous Occurrences

• Past damages
• Severity
• Duration
• Dates

Probability of Future Events

• Unlikely, likely, highly likely (define)
• Historical frequencies
• Statistical probability (1% in any given year)
• Hazard probability maps

Identify Community Needs

People

• Visiting (students, second homeowners, migrant farm

workers, special events)

• Access/functional needs (children, elderly, people with

physical/mental disabilities, non-English speaking) Economy

• Direct and indirect losses
• Loss of function
• Key economic sectors (agriculture, major employers,

industries, etc.)

• Structures
• Infrastructure
• Utilities
• Cultural

resources

• Critical

facilities

Assess the Built Environment

Source: Google Earth; generated by Robyn Wiseman, (15 May 2014)

• Assets important to

the community such as tourism/ recreation

• Clean air/water
• Wetlands and

floodplains

Assess the Natural Environment

Sources (Above) Google Earth; generated by Robyn Wiseman (15 May 2014) (Below) FEMA Map Service Center; ” generated by Robyn Wiseman, http://msc.fema.gov (15 May 2014)

• Evaluate vulnerable assets
• Describe the potential impacts
• Estimate potential losses
• List key issues or problem statements that

describe the community’s greatest vulnerabilities

Analyze the Risk

• When and how often is the hazard likely to
• ccur?
• How bad will it get?
• Where is it most likely to strike?
• How large an area will be affected?
• How long will it last?
• When is it more likely to occur?
• Is there adequate warning time?
• Can more than one hazard occur

simultaneously?

Questions to Ask

• Exposure

– Quantify the number, type and value of structures, critical facilities and infrastructure exposed to a specific hazard

• Historical

– Use data from previous events to predict losses from future events

Analysis Methods

Example: 10 residential structures are exposed to the 1% annual flood. Example: Based on historic data, Examplesville can expect to experience an average of $5,000 in reported residential hail damage every year.

Analysis Methods (Cont.)

• Scenarios

– “What if” based on a particular scenario – HAZUS-MH

Repetitive Loss and Severe Repetitive Loss Properties

• Repetitive Loss (RL) Properties

– NFIP insured structure with at least 2 paid flood claims

• f at least $1,000 each
• Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) Properties

– 4 or more separate claims exceeding $5,000 and cumulative amount exceeding $20,000, or – 2 separate payments with cumulative total exceeding market value of the structure

• Privacy Act
• Contact WEM for information

• Describe land uses and

development so mitigation can be considered in future land use decisions

– Declining or increasing populations – Anticipated annexations – Infrastructure expansion – Economic shifts

Land Use and Development Trends

Source: City of Elkohorn, WI GIS Department; accessed by Robyn Wiseman, http://www.cityofelkhorn.org/community/maps.asp (15 May 2014)

Include a risk assessment for each participating jurisdiction to reflect unique

• r varied risks as needed
• Floodplains
• Dams
• Coastal areas
• Wildland Urban Interface (WIU) for wildfire

risk

Multi-Jurisdictional Plans

• Flood maps
• Road maps
• Parcel maps
• USGS topographic

maps

• USGS digital
• rthophoto maps
• Aerial topographic

and/or planimetric maps

• Land use maps
• Tornado track maps

Map Hazards

(Where and When Appropriate)

http://www.geotechmap.org/Pages /WisTorProj.aspx

• Avoid using state or national scale maps
• Use multiple layers to clarify each hazard
• Clearly show jurisdictional boundaries
• Make them legible
• Include a legible legend
• Document map data limitations

Map Considerations

• Federal and state

agencies and

• rganizations
• State of Wisconsin

Hazard Mitigation Plan

• State and local hazard

analyses

• Newspapers and

historical records

• National Weather

Service/NOAA

Information Sources

Information Sources (Cont.)

• Existing plans and reports
• GIS data and experts
• HAZUS-MH
• Experts in the community
• Surveys or questionnaires
• Internet (USGS, NOAA/NWS, etc.)
• After-action reports
• Oral histories
• Other government documents

• Document the METHODOLOGY used
• Document SOURCES
• Address all hazards; if little or no impact,

state this

• Use best available data
• Identify data limitations and deficiencies
• Build on risk assessment in future updates

Documentation

Mitigation Strategy

Mitigation Strategy

What is it?

• Blueprint for reducing potential losses

identified in the risk assessment

• Based on existing authorities, policies,

programs, and resources

Strategy must include…

• 1. Long-term goals
• 2. Mitigation actions for each

jurisdiction that will reduce risk for each identified hazard

• 3. Action plan for implementing the

identified actions Mitigation Strategy

• 3. Action Plan

Action Plan = Mitigation Actions + Implementation

• Partners
• Resources
• Estimated cost
• Potential funding

sources

• What is the action?
• Who is responsible?
• When will it be

completed?

• How are actions

prioritized?

Capability Assessment (each jurisdiction)

• Planning and regulatory

– Planning department, floodplain ordinances

• Administrative and technical

– Public works department, WEM, FEMA

• Financial

– Special taxing authority, FEMA grants

• Education and outreach

– Hazard awareness campaigns, brochures

• 3. Action Plan

Plan Maintenance

Plan Maintenance Components:

• Monitoring
• Evaluating
• Updating
• Integration with other planning mechanisms
• Continued public participation

Monitoring, Evaluating, Updating

Monitoring = tracking the implementation of the plan over time Evaluating = assessing the effectiveness of the plan at achieving the purpose and goals Updating = reviewing and revising the plan to reflect changes in development, progress in mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities

How will the local government(s) integrate the hazard mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms? (required)

• Comprehensive plans (9 elements)
• Capital improvement plans
• Stormwater management plans
• Sustainability plans
• Economic development plans
• Master plans
• Codes and ordinances

Plan Integration

Plan Integration

Plan sections to consider integrating:

• Risk assessment data (maps) – informs policies

and decision-making

• Goals – contribute to overall community
• bjectives
• Actions – take advantage of existing

mechanisms for implementation

Plan updates must explain how the previous plan was incorporated into other planning mechanisms.

Continued Public Participation

The plan must include a strategy for maintaining public participation between plan

• updates. Here are some ideas:
• Hold periodic public meetings
• Post monitoring and evaluation activities to a

website

• Hold workshops
• Distribute newsletters
• Make information available

in public places

Plan Review

Plan Review

Steps

• 1. Plan development
• 2. WEM plan review
• 3. FEMA plan review
• 4. Plan adoption
• 5. FEMA approval

• http://emergencymanagement.wi.gov/mitigation
• http://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation-assistance
• https://www.fema.gov/multi-hazard-mitigation-

planning

• Resource Guide to All Hazards Mitigation Planning –

April 2003

• State of Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan
• HAZUS
• FEMA How-to-Guides (386-1 through 386-9) –

http://www.fema.gov/media-library/collections/6

Planning Tools and Resources

Questions?

Please contact us anytime with questions or concerns.

Katie Sommers katie.sommers@wisconsin.gov (608) 242-3222 Roxanne Gray roxanne.gray@wisconsin.gov (608) 242-3211