HAZARD HAZARD ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT adpc Asian Disaster - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

HAZARD HAZARD ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Learning objectives Learning objectives

• Describe the concepts of hazard and

Describe the concepts of hazard and secondary hazards. secondary hazards.

• Explain hazard characteristics such as

Explain hazard characteristics such as magnitude, frequency, intensity and rate magnitude, frequency, intensity and rate

• f onset and their importance
• f onset and their importance
• To discuss the hazard assessment

To discuss the hazard assessment process process

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

There is a There is a potential for potential for

• ccurrence
• ccurrence
• f an event
• f an event

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Classification of Hazards Classification of Hazards

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Classification of Hazards Classification of Hazards

• Natural

Natural

• Technological

Technological

• Societal

Societal

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Origin or Causes of Hazards Origin or Causes of Hazards

Shaking of earth by the waves below the Shaking of earth by the waves below the earth earth’ ’s surface s surface Earthquake Earthquake Rise in parasitic infestations due to Rise in parasitic infestations due to exposure to contamination exposure to contamination Epidemic Epidemic Down slope transport of soil & rock by Down slope transport of soil & rock by natural vibrations changes in direct water natural vibrations changes in direct water content or removal of lateral support content or removal of lateral support Landslides Landslides Magma pushed upwards through internal Magma pushed upwards through internal pressure developed by dissolved gases pressure developed by dissolved gases Volcanoes Volcanoes Due to earthquake in sea/ocean/lake Due to earthquake in sea/ocean/lake Tsunami Tsunami Origin or Causes Origin or Causes Hazards Hazards

adpc

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Origin or Causes of Hazards Origin or Causes of Hazards

Shaking of earth by the waves below the Shaking of earth by the waves below the earth earth’ ’s surface s surface Earthquake Earthquake Rise in parasitic infestations due to Rise in parasitic infestations due to exposure to contamination exposure to contamination Epidemic Epidemic Down slope transport of soil & rock by Down slope transport of soil & rock by natural vibrations changes in direct water natural vibrations changes in direct water content or removal of lateral support content or removal of lateral support Landslides Landslides Magma pushed upwards through internal Magma pushed upwards through internal pressure developed by dissolved gases pressure developed by dissolved gases Volcanoes Volcanoes Due to earthquake in sea/ocean/lake Due to earthquake in sea/ocean/lake Tsunami Tsunami Origin or Causes Origin or Causes Hazards Hazards

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Origin or Causes of Hazards Origin or Causes of Hazards

Due to cyclones or tides in ocean/sea Due to cyclones or tides in ocean/sea Storm Surges Storm Surges Caused by air, marine & fresh water Caused by air, marine & fresh water pollutants pollutants Environmental Environmental pollution pollution Rainfall deficit over long time periods Rainfall deficit over long time periods Drought Drought River and coastal rising of water due River and coastal rising of water due to intense rainfall to intense rainfall Floods Floods Wind currents that spin Wind currents that spin Cyclones Cyclones Origin or Causes Origin or Causes Hazards Hazards

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

In case of Earthquake, what will be the In case of Earthquake, what will be the secondary hazards associated with EQ secondary hazards associated with EQ ????? ?????

One Hazard Causing a Secondary One Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard Hazard

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

In case of Earthquake, which can bring further In case of Earthquake, which can bring further hazards like hazards like

• Building collapse

Building collapse

• Dam failure

Dam failure

• Fire

Fire

• Hazardous material spill Interruption of power/

Hazardous material spill Interruption of power/ water supply/ communication/ water supply/ communication/ transportation/ waste disposal transportation/ waste disposal

• Landslide

Landslide

• Soil liquefaction

Soil liquefaction

• Tsunami (tidal wave)

Tsunami (tidal wave)

One Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard One Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard

• Flood:

Flood: epidemics, snake bite, dam epidemics, snake bite, dam failure failure

• Drought:

Drought: epidemics, famine epidemics, famine

• Civil war:

Civil war: refugees & displaced persons refugees & displaced persons

• Landslide:

Landslide: epidemics, Temporary epidemics, Temporary damming damming

• Pollution:

Pollution: disease disease

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard Hazard Causing a Secondary Hazard

• Flood:

Flood: Epidemics, snake bite, dam Epidemics, snake bite, dam failure failure

• Drought:

Drought: Epidemics, famine Epidemics, famine

• Civil war:

Civil war: Refugees & displaced persons Refugees & displaced persons

• Landslide:

Landslide: Epidemics, Temporary Epidemics, Temporary damming damming

• Pollution:

Pollution: Disease Disease

Rate of onset Rate of onset

Include rapid Include rapid-

• onset and slow
• nset and slow-
• onset natural
• nset natural

hazards. hazards.

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Disaster Management Course (DMC)

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

HAZARD ASSESSMENT HAZARD ASSESSMENT

"The process of studying the "The process of studying the nature of hazards determining its nature of hazards determining its essential features (degree of essential features (degree of severity, duration, extent, impact severity, duration, extent, impact

• n the area) and their
• n the area) and their

relationship relationship".

".

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Some Important Points to Consider Some Important Points to Consider in Hazard Assessment in Hazard Assessment

• Look at scientific and statistical data

Look at scientific and statistical data

• Historical record

Historical record

• Approach other knowledgeable

Approach other knowledgeable sources/people sources/people

• Understand the various intensities of the

Understand the various intensities of the same hazard same hazard

• Hazard mapping

Hazard mapping

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Possible reasons for new hazards Possible reasons for new hazards

• Natural

Natural -

• changes in the pattern of

changes in the pattern of weather leading to new forms of drought weather leading to new forms of drought and flooding and flooding

• Economic

Economic -

• Fluctuations in the value of

Fluctuations in the value of currency affecting livelihoods, trade currency affecting livelihoods, trade related policy changes, structural related policy changes, structural adjustment measures adjustment measures

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

• Social and political trends

Social and political trends-

• changes in

changes in policies, subsidy programs, re policies, subsidy programs, re-

• locations of

locations of people people

• Structural changes

Structural changes-

• decentralization /

decentralization / centralization, conflicts centralization, conflicts

• Industrial hazards

Industrial hazards-

• chemical accidents,

chemical accidents, poisonings poisonings

• New forms of epidemics

New forms of epidemics-

• Bird Flu, AIDS,

Bird Flu, AIDS, Hepatitis B & C Hepatitis B & C Possible reasons for new hazards Possible reasons for new hazards

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Factors to consider in understanding the Factors to consider in understanding the nature & behavior of hazards nature & behavior of hazards

• Origin

Origin

Factors which create, result in a hazard. Can be natural or man Factors which create, result in a hazard. Can be natural or man made made

• Warning Signs and signals

Warning Signs and signals

Scientific & indigenous indicators that hazard is likely to occu Scientific & indigenous indicators that hazard is likely to occur r

Rainfall duration, intensity, quantity, speed of wind, temperatu Rainfall duration, intensity, quantity, speed of wind, temperature, re, movement of animals, insects and birds movement of animals, insects and birds

• Forewarning

Forewarning

Time gap between warning signs & the impact of hazard Time gap between warning signs & the impact of hazard Relatively short but can vary from a few hours (over Relatively short but can vary from a few hours (over-

• night) to a few

night) to a few days days

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Factors to consider in understanding Factors to consider in understanding the nature and behavior of hazards the nature and behavior of hazards

• Force

Force

Factors that make the power of hazards, e.g. Factors that make the power of hazards, e.g. intensity and magnitude of earthquake intensity and magnitude of earthquake

• Speed of Onset

Speed of Onset

Rapidity of arrival and impact Rapidity of arrival and impact

• Frequency

Frequency

Time related patterns of occurrence of hazards Time related patterns of occurrence of hazards

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Factors to consider in understanding Factors to consider in understanding the nature and behavior of hazards the nature and behavior of hazards

• Seasonality

Seasonality

Occurrence of a hazard in a particular Occurrence of a hazard in a particular time of the year time of the year

• Duration

Duration

Hazard Hazard’ ’s presence in a time scale s presence in a time scale

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Relati Relati-

• vely

vely short short but can but can vary from vary from a few a few hours hours (over (over-

• night) to

night) to a few a few days days Fore Fore-

• warning

warning Days / Days / Weeks Weeks Wet / Mon Wet / Mon-

• soon

soon Season Season Seasonal Seasonal Can often Can often be be predic predic-

• ted

ted a few a few days in days in advance advance Volume Volume

• f water
• f water

Met data, Met data, Rainfall Rainfall duration, duration, intensity, intensity, quantity, quantity, speed of speed of wind, wind, tempe tempe-

• rature

rature, , move move-

• ment

ment of

• f

animals, animals, insects insects and birds and birds 1. 1. Torrential Torrential RF RF 2. 2. Seasonal Seasonal rainfall rainfall

• 3. Storm
• 3. Storm

Surge Surge

• 4. Dam
• 4. Dam

burst burst Flooding Flooding Duration Duration Seasonality Seasonality Frequency Frequency Speed of Speed of Onset Onset Force Force Warning Warning Signs Signs Origin Origin Hazard Hazard Type Type

Hazard Matrix Hazard Matrix

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Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan

Fore Fore-

• warni

warni ng ng Durati Durati

• n
• n

Seasona Seasona lity lity Frequen Frequen cy cy Speed Speed

• f
• f

Onset Onset For For ce ce Warni Warni ng ng Signs Signs Origin Origin Hazard Hazard Type Type

adpc

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Hazard assessment Islamabad Pakistan