Restorative Restorative Soundscapes Soundscapes Dr Sarah Payne - - PDF document

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Restorative Restorative Soundscapes Soundscapes Dr Sarah Payne - - PDF document

Oct 19, 2022 104 likes •263 views

15/04/2019 Restorative Restorative Soundscapes Soundscapes Dr Sarah Payne Associate Professor of Health in the Built Environment Heriot-Watt University Presentation at Urban Sound Symposium, Gent, Belgium 3 rd April 2019 The problem: Mental

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Restorative Soundscapes

Dr Sarah Payne

Associate Professor of Health in the Built Environment

Heriot-Watt University Presentation at Urban Sound Symposium, Gent, Belgium 3rd April 2019

Restorative Soundscapes

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

The problem: Mental health

  • Mental health issues and stress is rising
  • Substantial economic cost on society
  • £105 billion in UK (UK Department of Health, 2011)
  • EUR 600 billion across 28 EU countries (OECD 2018)

Restorative environments help people

recover from stressors and avoid some mental health problems

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

The need to (cognitively) restore

  • Attention Restoration Theory Kaplan & Kaplan (1989), Kaplan (1995)
  • Working on a task involves Directed Attention
  • Involves effort
  • Inhibits distractions
  • Helps provide focus
  • BUT it is susceptible to fatigue
  • Become distracted, focus on short term actions
  • Hinders problem solving, increases irritability

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

The need to (affectively) restore

  • Stress Recovery Theory (Ulrich 1983, Ulrich et al., 1991)
  • Situations that challenge or threaten

wellbeing => Stress

  • Results in
  • negative emotions
  • reduced cognitive performance
  • coping responses
  • utilises energy & can result in fatigue
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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Restorative environments

  • Restorative Environment
  • Fascination - Involuntary Attention
  • Being Away
  • Compatibility
  • Extent
  • Restorative Outcomes
  • 1. Recover (cognitively & affectively)
  • 2. Reflect

Project DeStress Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Nature & Urban picture

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Which sounds are restorative? Which sounds disrupt restoration?

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Natural sounds

Bird sounds vary

in perceived restoration potential

Ratcliffe et al., 2016

 Greenfinch  Blue Tit  Quiet  Complex

song

 Familiar X Magpie X Gulls X Loud X Calls

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Traffic sounds

XTraffic related

exposures affect perceived restorative quality of living environment which affects residential satisfaction

Von Lindern et al, 2016 Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Water sounds

Water as a masker of

urban traffic

  • Stream & waves are

more preferable maskers (Jeon et al., 2010)

  • Natural stream more

relaxing than Fountain sounds > Waterfall (Galbrun & Ali, 2013)

  • 0 to -3dB difference
  • Temporal variation important
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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Restorative Soundscapes

(Perceived restorative quality of soundscapes)

Payne, S. (2013). Applied Acoustics, 74(2), 255-263 Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Restorative variation in urban soundscapes?

  • 400 visitors to two urban parks in UK

– Natural sounds – Happy People sounds – Sad and Angry people sounds – Object sounds due to people in the park – Sounds from the surrounding buildings – Individual Vehicle or Aircraft – Background City

Payne, S. (2008). Proc of Euronoise, Acousitcs ’08, 5519-5524 or JASA 123(5), 3809

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Soundscape Type n Sound types and their predominance level Restoration Recovery Reflection Mean Mean Mean 1 177 Weak Natural and Happy People sounds 4.31 4.33 4.29 2 123 Strong Natural sounds with Happy People and weak People’s Object sounds 4.75 4.83 4.67 3 36 Strong Happy People sounds with Background City/Traffic and Natural sounds 4.27 4.24 4.30 4 24 Strong Buildings/Construction work with Background City/Traffic, and weak Natural and Happy People sounds 4.95 4.78 5.11 5 21 Strong Background City/Traffic and a cacophonic soundscape 4.37 4.55 4.19 Total 381 4.49 4.52 4.46

High perceived restorative qualities Low perceived restorative qualities

Payne, S.R. (2009: Thesis) & Payne, S.R. (2010). In Corral-Verdugo et al, Psychological approaches to sustainability Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Soundscape Type n Sound types and their predominance level Restoration Recovery Reflection Mean Mean Mean 1 177 Weak Natural and Happy People sounds 4.31 4.33 4.29 2 123 Strong Natural sounds with Happy People and weak People’s Object sounds 4.75 4.83 4.67 3 36 Strong Happy People sounds with Background City/Traffic and Natural sounds 4.27 4.24 4.30 4 24 Strong Buildings/Construction work with Background City/Traffic, and weak Natural and Happy People sounds 4.95 4.78 5.11 5 21 Strong Background City/Traffic and a cacophonic soundscape 4.37 4.55 4.19 Total 381 4.49 4.52 4.46

Payne, S.R. (2009: Thesis) & Payne, S.R. (2010). In Corral-Verdugo et al, Psychological approaches to sustainability

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Field work in three urban places

  • Urban garden, Urban park, Urban square
  • In situ questionnaires – 159 people, 8 days
  • Acoustic measurements at same time
  • Ambisonic recordings at same time

Project DeStress

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Most frequently perceived sounds

Project DeStress

Garden Park Square Nature 32% Nature 37% People’s vocal sounds 31% People’s vocal sounds 19% Vehicles & Traffic 27% Vehicles & Traffic 20% Vehicles & Traffic 18%

Payne, S.R. (2019: under review - IJERPH)

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Perceived Restoration

58 49 60 5.5 6.2 4.8

dB (A) level Perceived Quiet (7=Quietest)

F(2,144)=16.21, p<.001

Perceived Restoration (7=most restored)

F(2,131) =4.64, p=.011

Project DeStress

Payne, S.R. (2019: under review - IJERPH) Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Project DeStress

Designing and engineering Soundscapes to enable restorative environments for sustainable societies

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Virtual Environment Simulator

  • Experimentally assess impact of built and social

environment on soundscape and restoration

  • A tool for users to create virtual urban places -

audio-visual simulations

  • Uses field recordings & acoustic data
  • Can manipulate built enviro. & social aspects
  • Building façade material
  • Ground surface material
  • Presence of water
  • Amount of vegetation
  • Amount of traffic
  • Amount of people

Project DeStress

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Project DeStress

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Façade & surface changes

Project DeStress

Thanks to Dr Neil Bruce (RA on Project Destress)

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Urban Park Low

(people, traffic & vegetation)

Project DeStress

Thanks to Dr Neil Bruce (RA on Project Destress)

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Urban Park Medium

(people, traffic & vegetation)

Project DeStress

Thanks to Dr Neil Bruce (RA on Project Destress)

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Urban Park High

(people, traffic & vegetation)

Project DeStress

Thanks to Dr Neil Bruce (RA on Project Destress)

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

DeStress.hw.ac.uk

Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Restorative Soundscapes Summary

  • In general, natural sounds important in creating

restorative environments, urban traffic constrain restoration

  • More research needed to show impact of designed

soundscapes on restoration

  • Project DeStress Virtual Environment Simulator
  • Tool to experimentally test relationship between

restoration & soundscapes

  • Provide information to public on health benefits of high

quality soundscapes

  • Raise planners awareness of implications of built

environment decisions on impact on soundscape & subsequent health impacts

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Dr S.R. Payne: Project DeStress

Dr Sarah R Payne

s.r.payne@hw.ac.uk @DeStressRestore