REDD+ project case studies in FFPRI Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto Director REDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) 1
Contents • Present situation of REDD+ • Activities of REDD R & D Center • Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) 2
REDD+ • REDD+ （ REDD-plus ） – Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in Developing countries • REDD: Activities for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation • +: Activities for maintaining and increasing forest carbon stocks 3
Background of REDD+ • About 20% of carbon emissions was from deforestation and forest degradation in 1990s and 12 % was in after 2010s. • REDD+ gives incentives Cited from CIFOR “Can money grow trees?” (economic compensation) for Reference Scenario emission reductions or removals CO 2 Emission Reduced emission achieved by REDD+ activities. Real emission • It is also effective for conserving biodiversity and economy of local Year Beginning of people. REDD program 4
History to REDD+ in UNFCCC COP11, Montreal, 2005 • PNG and and Costa Rica proposed “Avoiding deforestation” – COP13, Bali, 2007 • – REDD was listed in Bali Roadmap COP14, Posnan, 2008 • REDD became REDD+ – COP15, Copenhagen, 2009 • Copenhagen accords show the needs of a new mechanism of REDD+ – COP16, Cancun, 2010 • Cancun agreement outlines a framework of REDD-Plus and shows a set of – clear guidelines and a work plan for the coming year. COP17, Durban, 2011 • Durban ACs decides to launch a process for a new protocol from 2020 – COP18, Doha, 2012 • Discussion on modalities of National Forest Monitoring System and MRV – COP19, Warsaw, 2013 • – The Warsaw framework for REDD+ 5
Activities of REDD R&D Center • REDD R&D Center was established at FFPRI in July 2010. • It carries out research and development on REDD+ and provides related entities with technical supports. • The goal of the Center is to contribute building a society balancing sound forests and regional development and conserving global environment through REDD+ activities. 6
Research and Development • Development of NFMS and MRV systems – Remote sensing – Ground-based inventory and Allometory equations – in Cambodia, Malaysia, Paraguay • Socio-economic analysis – Driver analysis, Safeguards – in Cambodia, Malaysia • Development of REDD+ Methodologies – Development of REDD Cookbook – Development of Guidelines for JCM 7
Forest carbon monitoring for REDD+ Remote sensing Field survey Decision of forest classes Evergreen Deciduous Image Plot survey classification Others e.g. Rubber, Mangrove Verification Allometry Forest area i Mean carbon stock i Total carbon stock = Σ ( Forest area i x Mean carbon stock i ) 8
Challenges on forest monitoring by Remote sensing 植生 非植生 雲 雲陰 水域 Clouds in rain forests Phenology in deciduous forests
Producing mosaic image using multiple images within a year Forest Clouds and their shadows Non- effects on the classification forest results. Water It is need to produce mosaic image with multiple Cloud images within a year. Shadow
Standardization of images with algorithm for reducing the effect of seasonality SPOT images (upper: the Reduction of effect of end of dry season, lower: seasonality by standardizing the beginning of dry season) images with developed algorithm.
Land cover map using standardized images
REDD-plus Cookbook • Technical guidance on REDD- plus for policy makers, organizations and experts • English & Japanese • 151 pages • 36 Recipes • Reference guide • Written by 28 experts • Downloadable form the Web of REDD R&D Center 13
Contents of the Cookbook Introduction Chapter 1 - About REDD-plus Chapter 2 - Designing a forest monitoring system Planning Chapter 3 - Basic knowledge needed for REDD+ implementation Chapter 4 - Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of forest carbon Chapter 5 - Monitoring by the stock change method Technical Chapter 6 - Preparation of REDD+ implementation Chapter 7 - Estimation of forest area using remote sensing Chapter 8 - Permanent sample plot method Chapter 9 - Estimation models for forest carbon stocks References
Design of Recipe
Reference guide
Movie for REDD+ Introduction • Title: “Toward Implementation of REDD+ -Climate change and forest conservation-” • 25 minutes full version and 10 minute short version • Eight languages – Japanese, English, French – Portuguese, Spanish – Khmer, Lao, Indonesian • Available via Internet – Visit The Web of REDD R&D Center • Contact to REDD Research & Development Center – E-mail: redd-rd-center@ffpri.affrc.go.jp 17
Raising Public Awareness / Supporting Activities Learning Event in Forest Day 4 Presentation in Forest Day 5 in COP16, Cancun in COP17, Durban Side event by FFPRI International seminar held in Feb 2011, 2012 and 2013, Tokyo in COP18, Doha 18
What is JCM? • Japanese government is constructing The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) as an potential mitigation measure • Japan’s low carbon technologies, products, systems, services and infrastructure support emission reduction and removals in host countries • The scheme of JCM looks like CDM, but JCM is managed by Joint Committees under agreement between Japan and host countries Quoted from the Web of New Mechanism Information Platform 19
Agreed Countries on JCM • 11 countries agreed on JCM – Mongolia – Bangladesh – Ethiopia – Kenya – Maldives – Vietnam – Laos – Indonesia – Costa Rica – Palau – Cambodia 20
REDD+ under the JCM • Activities of the JCM are adopted by each Joint Committee • REDD+ is expected as an activity of the JCM • But the methodologies of MRV for REDD+ have not developed enough • REDD+ Guidelines are required now 21
REDD-plus Guidelines for JCM “Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus” • Developed by FFPRI voluntarily • It is expected to contribute to the formal • guidelines which will be developed by the Joint committees. Contents • Chap 1: Introduction – • Background • Discussion on REDD-plus in Japan • Purpose of the guideline Chap 2: Requirements to projects – • Essential requirements • Requirements to elements of projects Chap 3: Requirements to methodologies – • Basic requirements • Requirements to elements of methodologies 22
Key Points • Required accuracy of forest map classification – International standards indicate “suitable accuracy” for estimation of GHG emission reduction and removals – Experiences and practices from projects and studies show feasible accuracy of forest map classification – The accuracy of classification of Forest/non-forest should be above 80%, and the one of each forest type should be above 70%. 23
Thank you Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/ 24
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