Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 Recycling 2 The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling The Economics of Recycling

References

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• 1. Cost Models
• 1. Cost Models
• 1. Cost Models
• 1. Cost Models

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MSC MSC MSC MSCr

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r = recycling, v = mining and logging, d = disposal

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MPC MPC MPC '

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MEC = MSC MEC = MSC MEC = MSC – – – – MPC , MPC , MPC , MPC ,

the difference is the marginal external cost, i.e. noise, smell, pollution etc.

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C = F + C = F + C = F + C = F + V V V V· · · ·q q q q C/q = F/q + V C/q = F/q + V C/q = F/q + V C/q = F/q + V dC/dq dC/dq dC/dq dC/dq = V = V = V = V

At a local level, you should recycle when:

MPC MPC MPC MPCr

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Cost = F + N Cost = F + N Cost = F + N· · · ·Z Z Z Z

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• Cost per house = 1 + Z/C

Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C C C C C

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• Cost per house = 1 + Z/C

Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C

• Now introduce recycling, r & (1

Now introduce recycling, r & (1 Now introduce recycling, r & (1 Now introduce recycling, r & (1-

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r) with r) with r) with Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity

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C C C

• let a = 1/3, and Z the same for both i.e.

let a = 1/3, and Z the same for both i.e. let a = 1/3, and Z the same for both i.e. let a = 1/3, and Z the same for both i.e. same equipment and distance same equipment and distance same equipment and distance same equipment and distance

• Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C

Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C

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• Waste pickup only:

Waste pickup only: Waste pickup only: Waste pickup only: Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C Cost per house = 1 + Z/C

• Recycling and Waste Pickup:

Recycling and Waste Pickup: Recycling and Waste Pickup: Recycling and Waste Pickup: Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C Cost per house = 2 + (1+2r)Z/C It looks like the costs only get worse with It looks like the costs only get worse with It looks like the costs only get worse with It looks like the costs only get worse with recycling? recycling? recycling? recycling?

marginal costs marginal costs marginal costs marginal costs

= 2! "+ A'+! d Cost / d Cost / d Cost / d Cost / dW dW dW dW =0 =0 =0 =0!

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Estimating Costs at the Recycler Estimating Costs at the Recycler Estimating Costs at the Recycler Estimating Costs at the Recycler

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Market Values for Recovered Materials (~2004)

Paper (clean) $100/ton = 10¢/kg Other paper Glass PET, HDPE $300/ton = 30¢/kg PP, PS, PVC, HIPS $100/ton = 10¢/kg ABS, PC Other engineering thermoplastics $500/ton = 50¢/kg Steel $100/ton = 10¢/kg A1 $800/ton = 80¢/kg Cu $600/ton = 60¢/kg Mixed non-ferrous metals $700/ton = 70¢/kg

Illustrative Numbers for Illustrative Numbers for Illustrative Numbers for Illustrative Numbers for Recyling Recyling Recyling Recyling Cost Estimates Cost Estimates Cost Estimates Cost Estimates (U.S. East Coast) (U.S. East Coast) (U.S. East Coast) (U.S. East Coast)

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Transportation; Energy and Cost

Energy Cost (including loading and unloading) truck 4KJ/kg.km 0.1cents/kg.km 0.01cents/kgkm (long haul 23 tons) truck 7KJ/kg.km (light mat’ls) 0.175cents/kg.km (light materials)

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! DP; - +' - + P- %$$$Q&H'; %#;*Q&H'- %);$$Q&' P- %$,Q&H'F*$; %3Q&H'- %)Q&' This gives: R- 14¢/kg So costs are above many of the materials on the previous table, what would you do?

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• 2. Recycling of Complex Products
• 2. Recycling of Complex Products
• 2. Recycling of Complex Products
• 2. Recycling of Complex Products

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WEEE, ROHS, & ELV WEEE, ROHS, & ELV WEEE, ROHS, & ELV WEEE, ROHS, & ELV

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US Electronics Take-back

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Cost Scaling for Metals Cost Scaling for Metals Cost Scaling for Metals Cost Scaling for Metals

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Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric Material Mixing Metric

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Material Recycling Material Recycling Material Recycling Material Recycling

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Recycling Analogy with Noiseless Recycling Analogy with Noiseless Coding Theorem Coding Theorem

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Heuristic Cost Model for Product Recycling

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Apparent Recycling Boundary Apparent Recycling Boundary Apparent Recycling Boundary Apparent Recycling Boundary

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Material Mixing, H (bits) Single Product Recycled Material Value in the United States ($)

Trends in Product Design Trends in Product Design Trends in Product Design Trends in Product Design

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