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slide-1
SLIDE 1

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

▼✳ ❍✳ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s✶ ▼✳ ❙✳ ❈❛❜r❛❧✷ ❆✳ ❆③③❛❧✐♥✐✸

✶❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❆❧❣❛r✈❡✱ P♦rt✉❣❛❧ ✷❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ▲✐s❜♦♥✱ P♦rt✉❣❛❧ ✸❯♥✐✈❡rs✐tà ❞✐ P❛❞♦✈❛✱ ■t❛❧②

✉s❡❘✦✷✵✶✵✱ ❏✉❧② ✷✶✲✷✸

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SLIDE 2

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

✶ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✷ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

✸ ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✹ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

✺ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

slide-3
SLIDE 3

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❲❤❛t ✐s ❜✐❧❞❄

❛♥ ❘ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛✳ ♣❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✇✐t❤ ❡①❛❝t ❧✐❦❡❧✐❤♦♦❞ ▼▲❊✳ ❛❧❧♦✇s s❡r✐❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts✳ ❣r❛♣❤✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s✳ ❛❧❧♦✇s ♠✐ss✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛ ✭✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡ r❡str✐❝t✐♦♥s✮✳ ❘ ❝♦❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡❞ t♦ s♦♠❡ ❋♦rtr❛♥ r♦✉t✐♥❡s✳ ❙✹ ♠❡t❤♦❞s✳

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SLIDE 4

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

▼❛r❣✐♥❛❧ ▼♦❞❡❧

▲❡t ②✐t (t = ✶, . . . , ❚✐) ∈ {✵, ✶} ❜❡ t❤❡ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ❛t t✐♠❡ t ❢r♦♠ s✉❜❥❡❝t ✐ (✐ = ✶, . . . , ♥)✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r❡st ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛r❣✐♥❛❧ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ s✉❝❝❡ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦✈❛r✐❛t❡s ✈✐❛ ❛ ❧♦❣✐st✐❝ r❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡❧✱ ❧♦❣✐t P(❨✐t = ✶) = ❧♦❣✐t(θ✐t) = ①⊤

✐t β

✭✶✮ ❨✐t ✐ts ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠❡❛♥ ✈❛❧✉❡s ✐s θ✐t = P(❨✐t = ✶)✳ ①✐t ❛ s❡t ♦❢ ♣ ❝♦✈❛r✐❛t❡s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦❜s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❡❛❝❤ s✉❜❥❡❝t✳ β ✐s ❛ ♣ ✈❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ✉♥❦♥♦✇♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✳

slide-5
SLIDE 5

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❉❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡

❚❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❛t s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ❝❛♥♥♦t ❜❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t✱ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❢♦r s❡r✐❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✐s ♦❢ ▼❛r❦♦✈✐❛♥ t②♣❡ ♦❢ ✜rst ♦r❞❡r ✭ψ✶✮ ♦r ♦❢ s❡❝♦♥❞ ♦r❞❡r ✭ψ✷✮✳ ❖❘(❨t−✶, ❨t−✷) = ψ✶ = ❖❘(❨t−✶, ❨t) ❖❘(❨t−✷, ❨t|❨t−✶ = ✵) = ψ✷ = ❖❘(❨t−✷, ❨t|❨t−✶ = ✶)

slide-6
SLIDE 6

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ♠♦❞❡❧

❚❤✐s ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❛❧❧♦✇s ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❜✐ ∼ ◆(✵, σ✷) ✐♥ ✭✶✮ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦❣✐st✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✇✐t❤ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ❧♦❣✐t P(❨✐t = ✶) = ①⊤

✐t β + ❜✐,

✭✷✮ t❤❡ ❜✐✬s ❛r❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✳ ω = ❧♦❣ σ✷ ❢♦r ♥✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♥✈❡♥✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛s②♠♣t♦t✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦①✐♠❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▼▲❊s✳ ■♥t❡❣r❛❧s ❛r❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ ❛❞❛♣t✐✈❡ ●❛✉ss✐❛♥ q✉❛❞r❛t✉r❡✳

slide-7
SLIDE 7

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐❧❞✭✮

❜✐❧❞✭❢♦r♠✉❧❛❂❢♦r♠✉❧❛✭❞❛t❛✮✱ ❞❛t❛✱ t✐♠❡✱ ✐❞✱ s✉❜❙❊❚✱ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡❂ ❋❆▲❙❊✱ st❛rt❂◆❯▲▲✱ tr❛❝❡❂❋❆▲❙❊✱ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧✐♥❞✧✱ ♠❡t❤♦❞❂ ✧❇❋●❙✧✱ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❂❜✐❧❞❈♦♥tr♦❧✭✮✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❂❜✐❧❞■♥t❡❣r❛t❡✭✮✮

❜✐❧❞✭✮ t❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts✿ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❛ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ t♦ ❜❡ ✜tt❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t♦rs ❞❛t❛ ❛ ❞❛t❛ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✳ ◆❆ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞✳ t✐♠❡ ❛ str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠❛t❝❤❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❞❛t❛✳ ✐❞ ❛ str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠❛t❝❤❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐❞ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❞❛t❛✳ s✉❜❙❊❚ ❛♥ ♦♣t✐♦♥❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦✇s ♦❢ ❞❛t❛ t❤❛t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜t✳

slide-8
SLIDE 8

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐❧❞✭✮

❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡ ❛ str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♣❡r♠✐ts t❤❡ ✉s❡r ✐❞❡♥t✐❢② t❤❡ ❢❛❝t♦r t♦ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❧♦t✲♠❡t❤♦❞s✳ st❛rt ❛ ✈❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ ♥✉✐s❛♥❝❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐❦❡❧✐❤♦♦❞✳ tr❛❝❡ ❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ✢❛❣✿ ✐❢ ❚❘❯❊✱ ❞❡t❛✐❧s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥♦♥❧✐♥❡❛r ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ♣r✐♥t❡❞✳ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ st❛t✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜t✳ ♠❡t❤♦❞ t❤❡ ♠❡t❤♦❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦❝❡ss ❢♦r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♦♣t✐♠✭✮✳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠✐❝ ❝♦♥st❛♥ts ❢♦r t❤❡ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❡r ♦♣t✐♠✳ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡ ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠✐❝ ❝♦♥st❛♥ts ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡✜♥✐t❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛❧ ✉s✐♥❣ ❛ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✲✼✼ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡✳

slide-9
SLIDE 9

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

s❡❧❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡

❜✐❧❞✭✮ ❛❧❧♦✇s t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❝❤♦✐❝❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡r✐❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡✿ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✭❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧✐♥❞✧✮ ✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥ ✭❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✶✧✮ s❡❝♦♥❞ ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥ ✭❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✷✧✮ ✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ✭❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✶❘✧✮ s❡❝♦♥❞ ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ✭❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✷❘✧✮

slide-10
SLIDE 10

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❜✐❧❞✭✮ ✜tt✐♥❣

❜✐❧❞❈♦♥tr♦❧✭✮ ❛♥❞ ❜✐❧❞■♥t❡❣r❛t❡✭✮ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❛s ✉s❡r ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❜✐❧❞✭✮ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts✿ ❜✐❧❞❈♦♥tr♦❧✭♠❛①✐t❂✶✵✵✱ ❛❜st♦❧❂✶❡✲✵✵✻✱ r❡❧t♦❧❂✶❡✲✵✵✻✮ ❜✐❧❞■♥t❡❣r❛t❡✭❧✐❂✲✹✱ ❧s❂✹✱ ❡♣s❛❜s❂✳▼❛❝❤✐♥❡✩❞♦✉❜❧❡✳❡♣s❫✳✷✺✱ ❡♣sr❡❧❂✳▼❛❝❤✐♥❡✩❞♦✉❜❧❡✳❡♣s❫✳✷✺✱ ❧✐♠✐t❂✶✵✵✱ ❦❡②❂✻✱ ❧✐❣❂✲✹✱ ❧s❣❂✹✮

slide-11
SLIDE 11

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

▲♦❝✉st ❞❛t❛

❖❜s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥s ♦♥ ❧♦❝♦♠♦t♦r② ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦✉r ♦❢ ✷✹ ❧♦❝✉sts ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❛t ✶✻✶ t✐♠❡ ♣♦✐♥ts✿ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ✈s ♥♦♥✲♠♦✈✐♥❣✳

❃ str✭❧♦❝✉st✮ ✬❞❛t❛✳❢r❛♠❡✬✿ ✸✽✻✹ ♦❜s✳ ♦❢ ✺ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✿ ✩ ✐❞ ✿ ✐♥t ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✳✳✳ ✩ ♠♦✈❡✿ ♥✉♠ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✳✳✳ ✩ s❡① ✿ ❋❛❝t♦r ✇✴ ✷ ❧❡✈❡❧s ✧✵✧✱✧✶✧✿ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✳✳✳ ✩ t✐♠❡✿ ♥✉♠ ✵✳✵✵✽✸✸ ✵✳✵✶✻✻✼ ✵✳✵✷✺ ✵✳✵✸✸✸✸ ✵✳✵✹✶✻✼ ✳✳✳ ✩ ❢❡❡❞✿ ❋❛❝t♦r ✇✴ ✷ ❧❡✈❡❧s ✧✵✧✱✧✶✧✿ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✷ ✳✳✳

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SLIDE 12

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐❧❞✭✮ t♦ ✜t t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧

t❤❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐❧❞✭✮ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t♦ ✜t t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧

❧♦❣✐t(θ❜

✐t) = β✵+❜✐+β✶ t✐♠❡+β✷ t✐♠❡✷+β✸ ❢❡❡❞+β✹ t✐♠❡×❢❡❡❞+β✺ t✐♠❡✷×❢❡❡❞

✉s✐♥❣ ❛ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ▼❈✷❘

❃ ■♥t❡❣ ❁✲ ❜✐❧❞■♥t❡❣r❛t❡✭❧✐❂✲✷✳✺✱ ❧s❂✷✳✺✱ ❧✐❣❂✲✷✳✺✱ ❧s❣❂✷✳✺✮ ❃ ❧♦❝✉st✷r ❁✲ ❜✐❧❞✭♠♦✈❡ ⑦ ✭t✐♠❡ ✰ ■✭t✐♠❡❫✷✮✮✯❢❡❡❞✱ ❞❛t❛❂❧♦❝✉st✱ ✰ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡❂❢❡❡❞✱ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✷❘✧✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❂■♥t❡❣✮

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SLIDE 13

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

s✉♠♠❛r②

❃ s✉♠♠❛r②✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✮ ❈❛❧❧✿ ❜✐❧❞✭❢♦r♠✉❧❛❂♠♦✈❡ ⑦ ✭t✐♠❡ ✰ ■✭t✐♠❡❫✷✮✮✯❢❡❡❞✱ ❞❛t❛❂❧♦❝✉st✱ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡❂❢❡❡❞✱ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧▼❈✷❘✧✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❂■♥t❡❣✮ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ♣r♦❢✐❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛s❡t✿ ✷✹ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ♣r♦❢✐❧❡s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢✐t✿ ✷✹ ▲♦❣ ❧✐❦❡❧✐❤♦♦❞✿ ✲✶✹✾✺✳✽✵✷ ❆■❈✿ ✸✵✵✾✳✻✵✸ ❈♦❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥ts✿ ▲❛❜❡❧ ❱❛❧✉❡ ❙t❞✳ ❊rr♦r t ✈❛❧✉❡ ♣✲✈❛❧✉❡ ✭■♥t❡r❝❡♣t✮ ✶ ✲✶✳✽✶✹✺✼✷✵ ✵✳✸✻✽✵✸✹✹ ✲✹✳✾✸✵ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✶ t✐♠❡ ✷ ✺✳✸✷✸✾✾✷✷ ✵✳✼✺✾✹✻✷✷ ✼✳✵✶✵ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✵ ■✭t✐♠❡❫✷✮ ✸ ✲✷✳✾✸✾✷✽✵✸ ✵✳✺✸✶✺✻✽✹ ✲✺✳✺✷✾ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✵ ❢❡❡❞✶ ✹ ✲✷✳✸✵✺✵✵✾✺ ✵✳✻✻✶✻✹✽✺ ✲✸✳✹✽✹ ✵✳✵✵✵✹✾✹ t✐♠❡✿❢❡❡❞✶ ✺ ✲✻✳✵✼✸✼✻✾✶ ✶✳✺✻✹✼✾✺✷ ✲✸✳✽✽✷ ✵✳✵✵✵✶✵✹ ■✭t✐♠❡❫✷✮✿❢❡❡❞✶ ✻ ✺✳✵✻✻✹✽✼✶ ✶✳✵✹✸✺✵✸✸ ✹✳✽✺✺ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✶ ❧♦❣✳♣s✐✶ ✼ ✵✳✾✽✶✶✶✺✶ ✵✳✶✶✷✺✹✻✶ ✽✳✼✶✼ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✵ ❧♦❣✳♣s✐✷ ✽ ✵✳✺✺✽✸✾✺✶ ✵✳✶✵✸✵✸✶✹ ✺✳✹✷✵ ✵✳✵✵✵✵✵✵ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡❢❢❡❝t ✭♦♠❡❣❛✮✿ ❱❛❧✉❡ ❙t❞✳ ❊rr♦r ✲✵✳✵✵✷✼✾✹✽✶✷ ✵✳✸✺✵✶✸✼✽✸✾ ▼❡ss❛❣❡✿ ✵

slide-14
SLIDE 14

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♣❧♦t

❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✺✱ ②❧❛❜ ❂ ✧♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❧♦❝♦♠♦t✐♥❣✧✮

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Time probability of locomoting

adjusted parametric fit feed 1

❋✐❣✉r❡ ✶✿ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❧♦❝♦♠♦t✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❧♦❝✉st ❞❛t❛ ❢♦r ▼❈✷❘

slide-15
SLIDE 15

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

r❡s✐❞✉❛❧ ♣❧♦ts

❚❤❡ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s✉♠♠❛r✐③❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ ♣❧♦t✲♠❡t❤♦❞s s❡tt✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤❂✶ ❢♦r ❘❡s✐❞✉❛❧s ✈s ❋✐tt❡❞✱ ✇❤✐❝❤❂✷ ❢♦r ❘❡s✐❞✉❛❧s ✈s ❚✐♠❡✱ ✇❤✐❝❤❂✸ ❢♦r ❆❈❋ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧s ❛♥❞ ✇❤✐❝❤❂✹ ❢♦r P❆❈❋ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧s

❃ ♣❛r✭♠❢r♦✇ ❂ ❝✭✷✱ ✷✮✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✶✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✷✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✸✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✹✮ ❃ ♣❛r✭♠❢r♦✇ ❂ ❝✭✶✱ ✶✮✮

slide-16
SLIDE 16

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

r❡s✐❞✉❛❧ ♣❧♦ts

  • 0.10

0.20 0.30 −2 1 2 Fitted values Standardized residuals

Residuals vs Fitted

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 −2 1 2 Time Standardized residuals

Residuals vs Time

5 10 15 20 −0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 Lag ACF

ACF residuals

5 10 15 20 −0.15 0.00 0.10 Lag Partial ACF

PACF residuals

❋✐❣✉r❡ ✷✿ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧ ♣❧♦ts ♦❢ ❧♦❝✉st ❞❛t❛ ❢♦r ▼❈✷❘

slide-17
SLIDE 17

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♠❡❛♥ ♣r♦✜❧❡s

❚❤❡ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♠❡❛♥ ♣r♦✜❧❡ t♦ ❛❧❧ s✉❜❥❡❝ts ✭❜② ❞❡❢❛✉❧t✮ ♦r t♦ ❛ s✉❜s❡t ✭s✉❜❙❊❚❂✮ ✐s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❝❤♦♦s✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤❂✻ ✐♥ ♣❧♦t✲♠❡t❤♦❞s✳ ❚❤❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉❜❥❡❝ts ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞ ❜② s❡tt✐♥❣ ✐❞❡♥t❂❚❘❯❊✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♦♣t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♦♥❧② ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r r❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ♠♦❞❡❧s✳

❃ ♣❛r✭♠❢r♦✇ ❂ ❝✭✶✱ ✷✮✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✻✱ ②❧❛❜ ❂ ✧♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❧♦❝♦♠♦t✐♥❣✧✱ ♠❛✐♥ ❂ ✧❋❡❡❞ ✫ ❯♥❢❡❡❞ ❣r♦✉♣s✧✮ ❃ ♣❧♦t✭❧♦❝✉st✷r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❂ ✻✱ ✐❞❡♥t ❂ ❚❘❯❊✱ s✉❜❙❊❚ ❂ ❢❡❡❞ ❂❂ ✧✵✧✱ ②❧❛❜ ❂ ✧♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ ❧♦❝♦♠♦t✐♥❣✧✱ ♠❛✐♥ ❂ ✧❯♥❢❡❡❞ ❣r♦✉♣✧✮ ❃ ♣❛r✭♠❢r♦✇ ❂ ❝✭✶✱ ✶✮✮

slide-18
SLIDE 18

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♠❡❛♥ ♣r♦✜❧❡s

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Time probability of locomoting Feed & Unfeed groups Individual mean profiles 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Time probability of locomoting Unfeed group Individual mean profiles

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

❋✐❣✉r❡ ✸✿ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♠❡❛♥ ♣r♦✜❧❡s ♦❢ ❧♦❝✉st ❞❛t❛ ❢♦r ▼❈✷❘

slide-19
SLIDE 19

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t

❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛

❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts

❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡

▲♦❝✉st

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

❆③③❛❧✐♥✐✱ ❆✳ ✭✶✾✾✹✮✳ ▲♦❣✐st✐❝ ❘❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❆✉t♦❝♦rr❡❧❛t❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ✇✐t❤ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ▼❡❛s✉r❡s✳ ❇✐♦♠❡tr✐❦❛✱ ✽✶✱ ✼✻✼✲✼✼✺✳ ❆♠❡♥❞♠❡♥t✿ ✈♦❧✳ ✽✹ ✭✶✾✾✼✮✱ ✾✽✾✳

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s✱ ▼✳ ❍✳ ❛♥❞ ❆③③❛❧✐♥✐✱ ❆✳ ✭✷✵✵✽✮✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ▼❛r❦♦✈

❝❤❛✐♥s ❢♦r ♠❛r❣✐♥❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜✐♥❛r② ❧♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❞❛t❛ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①❛❝t ❧✐❦❡❧✐❤♦♦❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✳ ▼❡tr♦♥✱ ▲❳❱■✱ ♥✳✷✱ ✶✺✼✲✶✽✶✳

  • ♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s✱ ▼✳ ❍✳✱ ❈❛❜r❛❧✱ ▼✳ ❙✳✱ ❛♥❞ ❆③③❛❧✐♥✐✱ ❆✳✭✷✵✶✵✮✳

❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛✱ ❱❡rs✐♦♥ ✶✳✵✳ ❯❘▲✿ ❤tt♣✿✴✴❈❘❆◆✳❘✲♣r♦❥❡❝t✳♦r❣✴♣❛❝❦❛❣❡❂❜✐❧❞