r r t t
play

r r - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

r r t t r r t t


  1. ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❛❧✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ▼✳ ❍✳ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ✶ ▼✳ ❙✳ ❈❛❜r❛❧ ✷ ❆✳ ❆③③❛❧✐♥✐ ✸ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ✶ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❆❧❣❛r✈❡✱ P♦rt✉❣❛❧ ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ✷ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ▲✐s❜♦♥✱ P♦rt✉❣❛❧ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ✸ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐tà ❞✐ P❛❞♦✈❛✱ ■t❛❧② ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✉s❡❘✦✷✵✶✵✱ ❏✉❧② ✷✶✲✷✸ ▲♦❝✉st ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

  2. ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ✶ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ✷ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❧✳ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ✸ ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ✹ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ▲♦❝✉st ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ▲♦❝✉st ✺ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

  3. ❲❤❛t ✐s ❜✐❧❞ ❄ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❛♥ ❘ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛✳ ❛❧✳ ♣❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✇✐t❤ ❡①❛❝t ❧✐❦❡❧✐❤♦♦❞ ▼▲❊✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❛❧❧♦✇s s❡r✐❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts✳ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s✳ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❧❧♦✇s ♠✐ss✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛ ✭✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡ r❡str✐❝t✐♦♥s✮✳ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘ ❝♦❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡❞ t♦ s♦♠❡ ❋♦rtr❛♥ r♦✉t✐♥❡s✳ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ❙✹ ♠❡t❤♦❞s✳ ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ▲♦❝✉st ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

  4. ▼❛r❣✐♥❛❧ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ▲❡t ② ✐t ( t = ✶ , . . . , ❚ ✐ ) ∈ { ✵ , ✶ } ❜❡ t❤❡ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ❛t t✐♠❡ t ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❢r♦♠ s✉❜❥❡❝t ✐ ( ✐ = ✶ , . . . , ♥ ) ✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r❡st ✐s t❤❡ ❉❛t❛ ♠❛r❣✐♥❛❧ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢ s✉❝❝❡ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦✈❛r✐❛t❡s ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❛❧✳ ✈✐❛ ❛ ❧♦❣✐st✐❝ r❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡❧✱ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❧♦❣✐t P ( ❨ ✐t = ✶ ) = ❧♦❣✐t ( θ ✐t ) = ① ⊤ ✐t β ✭✶✮ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❇✐♥❛r② ❨ ✐t ✐ts ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠❡❛♥ ✈❛❧✉❡s ✐s ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ θ ✐t = P ( ❨ ✐t = ✶ ) ✳ ❡✛❡❝ts ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ① ✐t ❛ s❡t ♦❢ ♣ ❝♦✈❛r✐❛t❡s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦❜s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❡❛❝❤ s✉❜❥❡❝t✳ ▲♦❝✉st ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s β ✐s ❛ ♣ ✈❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ✉♥❦♥♦✇♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✳

  5. ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❉❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❚❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❛t s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛❧✳ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ❝❛♥♥♦t ❜❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t✱ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❢♦r s❡r✐❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✐s ♦❢ ▼❛r❦♦✈✐❛♥ t②♣❡ ♦❢ ✜rst ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦r❞❡r ✭ ψ ✶ ✮ ♦r ♦❢ s❡❝♦♥❞ ♦r❞❡r ✭ ψ ✷ ✮✳ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❖❘ ( ❨ t − ✶ , ❨ t − ✷ ) = = ❖❘ ( ❨ t − ✶ , ❨ t ) ψ ✶ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❖❘ ( ❨ t − ✷ , ❨ t | ❨ t − ✶ = ✵ ) = ψ ✷ = ❖❘ ( ❨ t − ✷ , ❨ t | ❨ t − ✶ = ✶ ) ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ▲♦❝✉st ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

  6. ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ♠♦❞❡❧ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❇■♥❛r② ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❚❤✐s ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❛❧❧♦✇s ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❉❛t❛ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❜ ✐ ∼ ◆ ( ✵ , σ ✷ ) ✐♥ ✭✶✮ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦❣✐st✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❛❧✳ ✇✐t❤ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❝❡♣t ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❧♦❣✐t P ( ❨ ✐t = ✶ ) = ① ⊤ ✐t β + ❜ ✐ , ✭✷✮ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜ ✐ ✬s ❛r❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ω = ❧♦❣ σ ✷ ❢♦r ♥✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♥✈❡♥✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛s②♠♣t♦t✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦①✐♠❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ▼▲❊s✳ ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ■♥t❡❣r❛❧s ❛r❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ ❛❞❛♣t✐✈❡ ●❛✉ss✐❛♥ q✉❛❞r❛t✉r❡✳ ▲♦❝✉st ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s

  7. ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❜✐❧❞✭✮ ❜✐❧❞✿ ❛ ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❜✐❧❞✭❢♦r♠✉❧❛❂❢♦r♠✉❧❛✭❞❛t❛✮✱ ❞❛t❛✱ t✐♠❡✱ ✐❞✱ s✉❜❙❊❚✱ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡❂ ❇■♥❛r② ❋❆▲❙❊✱ st❛rt❂◆❯▲▲✱ tr❛❝❡❂❋❆▲❙❊✱ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❂✧✐♥❞✧✱ ♠❡t❤♦❞❂ ▲♦♥❣✐t✉❞✐♥❛❧ ❉❛t❛ ✧❇❋●❙✧✱ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❂❜✐❧❞❈♦♥tr♦❧✭✮✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❂❜✐❧❞■♥t❡❣r❛t❡✭✮✮ ●♦♥ç❛❧✈❡s ❡t ❛❧✳ ❜✐❧❞✭✮ t❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts✿ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❛ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ t♦ ❜❡ ✜tt❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t♦rs P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❢♦r ❞❛t❛ ❛ ❞❛t❛ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✳ ❜✐♥❛r② ❞❛t❛ ◆❆ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞✳ ❇✐♥❛r② ▼❛r❦♦✈ ❈❤❛✐♥s t✐♠❡ ❛ str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠❛t❝❤❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ✐♥ ❞❛t❛ ✳ ❜✐❧❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✐❞ ❛ str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠❛t❝❤❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐❞ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ▲♦❝✉st ❞❛t❛ ✳ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s s✉❜❙❊❚ ❛♥ ♦♣t✐♦♥❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦✇s ♦❢ ❞❛t❛ t❤❛t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜t✳

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend


More recommend