Pulling Open the Sticky Door Social Mobility among Latinos in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pulling Open the Sticky Door Social Mobility among Latinos in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 09, 2023 390 likes •619 views

Pulling Open the Sticky Door Social Mobility among Latinos in Nebraska Lissette Aliaga-Linares Social Demographer Office of Latino/Latin American Studies (OLLAS) University of Nebraska at Omaha Overview 1. Changing Demographics in the U.S.A

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SLIDE 1

Pulling Open the Sticky Door

Social Mobility among Latinos in Nebraska

Lissette Aliaga-Linares

Social Demographer

Office of Latino/Latin American Studies (OLLAS) University of Nebraska at Omaha

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SLIDE 2

Overview

  • 1. Changing Demographics in the U.S.A
  • 2. Nebraska Population Projections
  • 3. Characteristics of Latinos in NE
  • 4. Socioeconomic trends among Latinos in NE

– Employment – Education

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SLIDE 3

The he Ne Next xt Ame merica rica

85% 64% 43% 10% 12% 13% 4% 16% 31% 8%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

All Other Asian Hispanic Black White

Source: Pew Research Center

Percent of the U.S. Total Population by Race and Ethnicity, 1960-2060

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SLIDE 4

Wh What t exp xplains lains Latino tino po popu pulation lation gr growt wth? h? Let’s compare

Natural Increase 71% Net Migration 29%

Projected Components of Change for Hispanic Origin Population, U.S.: 2015-2060

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, National Projections 2012 2.7 Million immigrants 9 Million births - 2.5 Million Deaths 6.5 Million More!

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SLIDE 5

The e Next xt Neb ebras raska

Percent of the Nebraska Total Population by Race and Ethnicity, 1980-2050

Source: UNO, Center for Public Affairs Research, June 2013

94% 82% 62% 6% 9% 24%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

All Other Hispanic Black White

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Lat atinos nos will ll be be th the e futu ture re sour urce ce of growth wth

Age-Sex Pyramids for Latinos and Non-Hispanic Whites, Nebraska 2012

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008-2012 American Community Survey

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 < 5 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-14 yrs 15-19 yrs 20-24 yrs 25-29 yrs 30-34 yrs 35-39 yrs 40-44 yrs 45-49 yrs 50-54 yrs 55-59 yrs 60-64 yrs 65-69 yrs 70-74 yrs 75-79 yrs 80-84 yrs 85 yrs+

NH White ites

Males

8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 < 5 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-14 yrs 15-19 yrs 20-24 yrs 25-29 yrs 30-34 yrs 35-39 yrs 40-44 yrs 45-49 yrs 50-54 yrs 55-59 yrs 60-64 yrs 65-69 yrs 70-74 yrs 75-79 yrs 80-84 yrs 85 yrs+

Hispa pani nic

Males Females Males Females

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SLIDE 7

Percentage of Latinos in Nebraska Population Age Distribution 2010-2050

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% < 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100 + 2010 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% < 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100 + 2010 2030 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% < 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100 + 2010 2030 2050

24% at working age 14% at retirement age 22% at voting age

Source: 2010 US Census, CPAR Projections, June 2013

Mo More e visible ble growth wth from m th the e youngest

  • ungest ag

age-gr group

  • ups
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SLIDE 8
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U.S. Born, 112,658 Foreign Born, 66,135 All Latinos, 178,793

25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 1870 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Perp erpetu tual l forei eigne ners? s?

Evolution of Latino/Hispanic-Origin Population in Nebraska by Nativity, 1870-2012

Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 1850-2012 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA) *Data on nativity was not available for years 1960 and 1970

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SLIDE 10

Foreign Born Latinos

Median age: 34 50% Speaks English well

  • r very well

67% of adults 25 years and older have less than high school diploma

U.S Born Latinos

Median age: 13 81% of adults 25 years and older have either completed high school

  • r post-secondary

degree Half speak only English. 93% of those who are bilingual speak English well or very well

Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS-PUMS

Char arac acteri eristic stics s of Lat atin inos in in Neb

ebrask raska

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SLIDE 11

Wai ait, t, th ther ere ar e are Int e Inter ergen ener erat ation ional al ti ties! es!

Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS-PUMS

Lives with

  • ne or two

U.S. born parents 42%

Two foreign born parents 27%

One foreign borh parent 19%

Two parents, one of whom is foreign born 12%

Lives at least with

  • ne foreign

born Parent 58%

Percentage of U.S. Born Latinos under 17 years-old, by Nativity of their Parents, Nebraska 2008-2012

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SLIDE 12
  • 10,000

20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 White, Not Hispanic Hispanic (Any Race)

La Lati tino nos in N s in Neb ebras aska, a, th the g e good

  • od lif

ife? e?

African American

Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 2001-2012 ACS Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA),

Average Household Income by Race/Ethnicity of Head Householder, Nebraska 2001-2012

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Hispa spanic nic Imm mmigrant grant wages ges ta taki king ng harder der to rec ecover er from m pr pre-recession recession

  • 5,000.00

10,000.00 15,000.00 20,000.00 25,000.00 30,000.00 35,000.00 40,000.00

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

All Nebraska (Excl. Hispanics)

Annual Gross Wage and Salary Income for Hispanics by Immigration Status, Nebraska, 2000-2012

Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 2001-2012 ACS Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA),

Hispanic Non Immigrant Hispanics Immigrant Hispanics

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SLIDE 14

Manufacturing

  • Employs 30% of the total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $25,256 a year
  • Employs 10% of total non-Immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $26,477 a year

Construction

  • Employs 15% of the total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $24,507 a year
  • Employs 6% of the total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $25,672 a year

Accommodation and Food Services

  • Employs 10% of total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $ 15,440 a year
  • Employs 11% of total non-immigrant Latinos , pays on avg. $ 11,202 a year

Health Care and Social Assistance

  • Employs 4% of total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $21,520 a year
  • Employs 11% of total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $24,735 a year

Waste Management

  • Employs 7% total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $22,975 a year
  • Employs 5% total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $29,930 a year

Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS

Labor

  • r Pa

Parti ticipat cipation ion by Industr stry y and Average age Annual al Wages es for Latinos inos by Immi migrant grant status atus in

Ne Nebr brask aska

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SLIDE 15

Str trong

  • ng gr

growth wth in Latino tino Bu Busi sines ness

  • 40
  • 20

20 40 60 80 100

Number of Firms Sales Employment Annual payroll

% Changes

Hispanic White Black Asian Native American

Growth rates for the Number of Firms, Sales, Employment and Annual Payroll by Owner Race/Ethnicity, Nebraska, 2002-2007

Source: OLLAS Calculations based on Survey of Business Owners, Summary Tables 1997, 2002, and 2007

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… but with a lot of challenges

LOWEST SURVIVAL RATE

LEAST LIKELY TO EXPAND DECREASE IN THE PROPORTION OF EMPLOYER FIRMS

LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LEVELS AMONG BUSINESS OWNERS NOT MUCH EXPERIENCE AS SELF- EMPLOYED YET, the highest

job retention rate and hired more employees on average when expanding Source: OLLAS Report, “Latino Businesses in Nebraska: A Preliminary Look”

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SLIDE 17
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A Per ersi sist stent ent Ga Gap p in Neb ebrask raska

2000 2012 Socioeconomic Indicators All Nebraska All Latinos in Nebraska All Nebraska All Latinos in Nebraska Poverty rates for families 7% 17% 9% 26% Population with no health insurance coverage N.A. N.A. 11% 31% Unemployment Rate 2.5% 8% 4% 7%

Source: U.S. Census 2000 and ACS 2010-2012, Summary Tables available through American Fact Finder

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SLIDE 19

Source: OLLAS calculations based on U.S. Census 2000 and American Community Survey 2010-2012

Mo More e Latino tinos s Att ttend ending ing Colle

  • llege

ge

Latino Population Ages 18 to 24 Attending College, Nebraska 2000-2012

2,146 1,663 483

5,583 3,880 1,703

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Total U.S. Born Foreign Born

2000 2010-2012

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SLIDE 20

Latin tinos

  • s Are Much

h Less s Likely ely to Drop p out t of High h Schoo hool l than an Before

  • re

Latino High School Dropout Rate by Nativity, Nebraska 2000-2012

Source: OLLAS calculations based on U.S. Census 2000 and American Community Survey 2010-2012 37% 17% 56% 19% 12% 34%

10 20 30 40 50 60

All Latino U.S. Born Foreign Born 2000 2010-2012

But Hi High gh Schoo

  • ol

l Dr Dropouts pouts

  • n the

e Rise e amon

  • ng

g U.S. . born rn Latin tinos

  • s

Latino High School Dropouts by Nativity, Nebraska 2000-2012 6,326 1,519 4,807 5,289 2,129 3,160

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

All Latino U.S. Born Foreign Born 2000 2010-2012

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SLIDE 21

The e ac achie ievem emen ent t gap ap

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP State Comparisons, 2013

227 267 207 254 215 250 202 251

50 100 150 200 250 300

Grade 4 Grade 8 Grade 4 Grade 8 Hispanic Black White

251 292 229 275

Mathematics Reading Average Score in Mathematics and Reading, Nebraska 2013

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SLIDE 22

Latinos, breaking the glass ceiling?