Reformu rmula lated ed F Fuels els PSF PS PS PSF Permian S Sup uper F Fue uel
PSF Reform ulated Fuels Concorde Technologies has developed the Since nce 19 1990, 0, the us use o of PSF Reformulated Fuel Process. PSF reformulated gasoline h has reduces harmful emissions, increases fuel been F Federally mandated economy and is cost effective. PSF can be easily used in all the current Isomeration, in th in the Unite ited State tates u under Polymerization, Hydrogenation and the C th Clean an Air ir A Act. t. Hydrocracking processes without costly Reformulated gasoline is retrofitting of refineries. gas asolin ine in in which ad h additiv itives are a added t to achieve a cl cleane ner bur urni ning ng fue uel.
Refining Process ISOMERA MERATION METHOD NORMAL PSF PRODUCT Butane-Isobutane Butane-Isobutane Isoparaffins with high Isoparaffins with high octane rating octane rating CATALYST Aluminium chloride with an Oxide + an Acid ALO 3 Base Chemical ADDITIVE Hydrogen Chloride Gas ( trade secret) PRESSURE 200 to 800 PSI 25 PSI PURIFICATION Molecular sieve extraction Platinum charcoal filter DISTILLATION Final Step Not required
P OLIMERIZATION Standard Method PSF Procedure Catalyst Nickel, Platinum an Oxide + an Acid Promoter Hydrogen ( trade secret) Pressure needed 400 a 1200 PSI 25 PSI Temp. needed 350 TO 450 Deg. F. 80 to 150 Deg. F. H YDROGENATION Standard Method PSF Procedure Catalyst Nickel, Platinum an Oxide + an Acid Promoter Hydrogen ( trade secret) Pressure needed 1000 to 2000 PSI 25 PSI Temp. needed 500 to 800 Deg. F. 80 to 150 Deg. F.
PSF r PS reformula lated fue uels ls re-arrang nges be benz nzene ri ring ngs and nd bre breaks olefin n doubl ble bo bond nds, bra branches a and nd eclipse ses h s hydroc ocarbon on structure, adds h s hydroge ogen and at the same e time e releas eases es and elimin inat ates es sulph phurs a and nd ni nitrates. Normal f fue uel l mo molecul ular ma mass is g greatly affected which converts it to a mo whi more f fla lammable le fue uel l tha hat: Is more energy efficient Has a higher boiling point Is a friction reducer Needs less oxygen Is a lubricant Inhibits oxidation Greatly reduces hazardous air emissions
PSF reformulated fuels can be blended with regular gasoline, diesel or kerosene at ratios from: Testing of PSF reformulated fuels 20:1 to 50:1 indicate higher BTUs, increased efficiency, and considerable reduction of contaminated air emissions. Field testing of PSF reformulated fuels shows an estimated fuel savings from 20 to 40% PSF can be reformulated for gasoline, diesel or kerosene.
PSF (PERMIAN SUPER FUEL) - EMISSION TEST Automobile: 1992 Blazer Chevrolet 4.3 liters. V-6 engine - odometer reading: 156,265 miles Fuel: Regular unleaded gasoline Date: April 21, 2000 Time: 10:57:07 AM First test with no additive Starting time: 10:57 AM Second test with PSF additive 20:1 ratio Starting time: 12:03 PM Type of testing equipment: ESP Emission Inspector Analyser FICS – Modelo No. 4000-T HC (Hydrocarbon) maximum emission limits: 220 PPM CO (Carbon Monoxide) maximum emission Limits: 1.20%
HC with no HC with CO with no CO with PSF additive Additive Additive PSF additive Speed 809 RPM 181 0.49% 853 RPM 30 0.03% %reduction 83% 96% HC (Hydrocarbon) emission limit: 220 PPM CO (Carbon Monoxide) emission limit: 1.20%
COMPARATIVE FUEL TEST RESULTS PSF (PERMIAN SUPER FUEL) Fuel: Regular unleaded gasoline Date: January 11th. 2000 Gasoline with no additive Gasoline with PSF fuel additive Ingredients Mole Liq. Weight Mole Liq. Vol Weight Vol % % % % Methycycle- MCP 2.1116 2.0581 1.8841 MCP 4.7816 4.6904 4.2353 pentane Benzene 4.0187 3.9168 3.3280 1.1615 1.1393 0.9548 Octane 5.6340 6.1602 6.8232 7.8126 8.5972 9.3925 Vapor 9.72 16.73 Pressure
COMPARATIVE RESULTS Regular Gasohol Gasoline Gasoline I ngredient Gasoline With with MTBE PSF T90 332 316 318 316 ( φ F) Aromatics 28.6 23.9 25.8 23.4 (vol %) Olefins 10.8 8.7 8.5 8.2 (vol %) Benzene 1.60 1.6 1.6 1.3 (vol %) Sulfur 338 305 313 302 (PPM)
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