PSF PS PS PSF Permian S Sup uper F Fue uel PSF Reform - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Reformu rmula lated ed F Fuels els

Permian S Sup uper F Fue uel

PS PSF PS PSF

Since nce 19 1990, 0, the us use o

• f

reformulated gasoline h has been F Federally mandated in in th the Unite ited State tates u under th the C Clean an Air ir A Act. t. Reformulated gasoline is gas asolin ine in in which ad h additiv itives are a added t to achieve a cl cleane ner bur urni ning ng fue uel.

PSF Reform ulated Fuels

Concorde Technologies has developed the PSF Reformulated Fuel Process. PSF reduces harmful emissions, increases fuel economy and is cost effective. PSF can be easily used in all the current Isomeration, Polymerization, Hydrogenation and Hydrocracking processes without costly retrofitting of refineries.

Refining Process ISOMERA MERATION

METHOD NORMAL PSF PRODUCT

Butane-Isobutane Isoparaffins with high

• ctane rating

Butane-Isobutane Isoparaffins with high

• ctane rating

CATALYST

Aluminium chloride with ALO3 an Oxide + an Acid

ADDITIVE

Hydrogen Chloride Gas Base Chemical ( trade secret)

PRESSURE

200 to 800 PSI 25 PSI

PURIFICATION

Molecular sieve extraction Platinum charcoal filter

DISTILLATION

Final Step Not required

POLIMERIZATION

Standard Method PSF Procedure Catalyst Nickel, Platinum an Oxide + an Acid Promoter Hydrogen ( trade secret) Pressure needed 400 a 1200 PSI 25 PSI

• Temp. needed

350 TO 450 Deg. F. 80 to 150 Deg. F. Standard Method PSF Procedure Catalyst Nickel, Platinum an Oxide + an Acid Promoter Hydrogen ( trade secret) Pressure needed 1000 to 2000 PSI 25 PSI

• Temp. needed

500 to 800 Deg. F. 80 to 150 Deg. F.

HYDROGENATION

Is more energy efficient Has a higher boiling point Is a friction reducer Needs less oxygen Is a lubricant Inhibits oxidation Greatly reduces hazardous air emissions

PS PSF r reformula lated fue uels ls re-arrang nges be benz nzene ri ring ngs and nd bre breaks olefin n doubl ble bo bond nds, bra branches a and nd eclipse ses h s hydroc

• carbon
• n structure, adds h

s hydroge

• gen

and at the same e time e releas eases es and elimin inat ates es sulph phurs a and nd ni nitrates. Normal f fue uel l mo molecul ular ma mass is g greatly affected whi which converts it to a mo more f fla lammable le fue uel l tha hat:

PSF reformulated fuels can be blended with regular gasoline, diesel or kerosene at ratios from: 20:1 to 50:1 Testing of PSF reformulated fuels indicate higher BTUs, increased efficiency, and considerable reduction

• f contaminated air emissions.

Field testing of PSF reformulated fuels shows an estimated fuel savings from 20 to 40% PSF can be reformulated for gasoline, diesel or kerosene.

Automobile: 1992 Blazer Chevrolet 4.3 liters. V-6 engine - odometer reading: 156,265 miles Fuel: Regular unleaded gasoline Date: April 21, 2000 Time: 10:57:07 AM First test with no additive Starting time: 10:57 AM Second test with PSF additive 20:1 ratio Starting time: 12:03 PM Type of testing equipment: ESP Emission Inspector Analyser FICS – Modelo No. 4000-T HC (Hydrocarbon) maximum emission limits: 220 PPM CO (Carbon Monoxide) maximum emission Limits: 1.20% PSF (PERMIAN SUPER FUEL) - EMISSION TEST

HC with no Additive HC with PSF additive CO with no Additive CO with PSF additive Speed 809 RPM 181 0.49% 853 RPM 30 0.03% %reduction 83% 96%

HC (Hydrocarbon) emission limit: 220 PPM CO (Carbon Monoxide) emission limit: 1.20%

COMPARATIVE FUEL TEST RESULTS

Ingredients Mole Liq. Vol % Weight % Mole

• Liq. Vol

% Weight % Methycycle- pentane

Benzene

Octane

Vapor Pressure

PSF (PERMIAN SUPER FUEL) Fuel: Regular unleaded gasoline Date: January 11th. 2000 Gasoline with no additive Gasoline with PSF fuel additive

COMPARATIVE RESULTS

I ngredient Regular Gasoline Gasohol Gasoline With MTBE Gasoline with PSF T90 (φF) 332 316 318 316 Aromatics (vol %) 28.6 23.9 25.8 23.4 Olefins (vol %) 10.8 8.7 8.5 8.2 Benzene (vol %) 1.60 1.6 1.6 1.3 Sulfur (PPM) 338 305 313 302