Protecting Public Safety and Containing Corrections Costs in South - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Protecting Public Safety and Containing Corrections Costs in South Carolina

Sentencing Reform and Oversight Committee

Columbia, South Carolina August 16, 2017

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Agenda

• Leadership Charge
• National Landscape

– South Carolina – Case Studies: Mississippi and Louisiana

• Next Steps

– Work Plan – Proposed Meeting Schedule – Policy-Focused Working Groups

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LEADERSHIP CHARGE

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State Leadership has Charged the South Carolina Sentencing Reform Oversight Committee with:

…“forging consensus on a comprehensive package of statutory and budgetary reforms that will help South Carolina achieve a better public safety return on its corrections spending.”

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NATIONAL LANDSCAPE

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by 2008: 1 in 100 Adults Behind Bars

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

337,692 2,333,275 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

Incarcerated Population, 1972-2008

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by 2008: 1 in 31 Adults Under Correctional Control

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

1,836,762 7,426,675 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000

Correctional Population (prison, jail, probation, and parole), 1980-2008

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Despite Increased Spending, Recidivism Remains High

68% 68% 52% 50%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Inmates released in 1994 Inmates released in 2005 Re-arrested within 3 years Re-incarcerated within 3 years Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

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VT

HI

NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD DC

ME WA MT ND SD MN OR ID WY CO UT NV CA AZ NM NE KS OK TX AK LA AR MO IA WI MI IL IN OH PA NY WV VA KY TN MS AL GA SC NC FL

2017–2018 Active States Prior JRI Reforms

Justice Reinvestment States

Round II JRI Reform States

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by 2015: 1 in 112 Behind Bars

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

337,692 2,333,275 2,205,047 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

Incarcerated Population, 1972-2015

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by 2015: 1 in 36 Under Correctional Control

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

1,836,762 7,426,675 6,855,947 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013

Correctional Population (prison, jail, probation, and parole), 1980-2015

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VT

HI

NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD

ME WA MT ND SD MN OR ID WY CO UT NV CA AZ NM NE KS OK TX AK LA AR MO IA WI MI IL IN OH PA NY WV VA KY TN MS AL GA SC NC FL

From 2010-2015, 31 States Achieved Reductions in Both Crime and Imprisonment Rates

Source: Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation and Bureau of Justice Statistics

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SOUTH CAROLINA

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Pretrial Population 23,161 20,951 27,903 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

South Carolina's Prison Population Actual Year-End Prison Population by FY Baseline Population Projection Absent Reform

JRI Reforms, Part I

Since Reform, South Carolina Averted All Projected Growth and Decreased Prison Population by 14%

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections (prison population); Applied Research Services (projection)

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Pretrial Population 5,137 3,798 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Index Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents, 2005-2015

JRI Reforms, Part I

Since Reform, South Carolina’s Crime Rate Declined 16%

Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation

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CASE STUDIES

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MISSISSIPPI: ROUND 1 2013-2014

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10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023

Historical and Projected Prison Population

Historical Projected

24,487 22,497 20,408

Mississippi’s Cost of Doing Nothing: $266 Million Over 10 Years

Projected to grow by 1,990 beds by 2024

Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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4,764 4,973 2,978 5,481

• 1,000

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Admissions by Type by Year

New Prisoners Revocation

Finding: More People Entered Prison For a Revocation of Supervision Than as New Prisoners in 2012

Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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Drug 32% Property 30% Other 10% Violent 24% Sex 4%

Admissions by Primary Offense Type, 2012

Finding: Almost Three-Quarters of Admissions Sentenced for Nonviolent Crimes

Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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Finding: New Prisoners Released in 2012 Served 17% Longer Than Those Released in 2002

29.2 34.1 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Months

Mean Time Served, 2002 and 2012 (Months)

2002 2012

Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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15.1 19.8 23.7 26

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Months

Mean Time Served for Drug Crimes by Year, New Prisoner Releases (Months)

Drug possession All drug crimes

31% growth for drug possession crimes

Finding: Mean Time Served for Drug Possession Rose 31%, Compared to 10% for All Drug Crimes

Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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• Finding: More offenders entered prison from supervision than as

new prisoners in 2012 – Reforms:

• Strengthens community corrections through the use of graduated

sanctions and earned discharge; and limits incarceration periods for technical violations of supervision.

• Finding: Almost three-quarters of admissions sentenced for

nonviolent crimes – Reforms:

• Raises felony theft threshold for property crimes; and develops

presumptive probation for certain lower-level property and drug crimes.

Task Force Key Findings and JRI Reforms

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• Finding: New prisoners released in 2012 served 17% longer than

those released in 2002 – Reforms:

• Creates structured sentences for drug crimes based on weight and

criminal history; expands eligibility for earned time to certain drug

• ffenders; and ensures that all nonviolent offenders are parole

eligible at 25%.

Task Force Key Findings and JRI Reforms

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Mississippi Reforms: Minimum of $266 Million Averted Over 10 Years

20,586 22,497 24,448 20,972 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023

Historical and Projected Prison Population

Actual Pre-Reform Post-Reform

Projection Absent Reform Projection With JRI Source: Mississippi Department of Corrections

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Mississippi Reforms: Widespread Political Support

ALEC’s legislative members believe that criminal justice spending should be held accountable and support policies that give taxpayers a better public safety return on every dollar spent. By slowing the growth of Mississippi’s prisons, the state can avoid $266 million in corrections spending over the next ten years while maintaining public safety.

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Mississippi Reforms: Widespread Political Support

Our Christian faith tells us the criminal justice system must be anchored in principles supported by the Bible and rooted in history. [H.B. 585] would restore victims, justly punish criminals and provide

• pportunities for redemption. It also acknowledges that almost every

prisoner will one day rejoin our communities, and ensures each of them receives mandatory reentry support. That’s good for returning offenders, and it’s good for public safety too.

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Mississippi Reforms: Widespread Political Support

[…] MEC recognizes that the corrections reform measures included in HB 585 are in alignment with our long-held policies in support of government efficiency, which is why I am writing today on behalf of our

• rganization in support of the legislation.

.

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22,626 20,721 18,474 19,496 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000

Mississippi Prison Population

JRI Reforms, Round I

• Probation success

rates up

• State’s prison

space better focused on violent

• ffenders
• Prison admissions

for low-level crimes have declined

Mississippi Sees Lower Prison Population and Other Improvements

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LOUISIANA: ROUND II 2016-2017

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Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

After JRI Round I, Louisiana’s Prison Population Dropped by 9%

35,885 39,598 36,146 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Prison Population by Year (December 31 Annual Snapshot)

JRI Reforms, Round I

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597 599 633 700 816

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Mississippi Arkansas Alabama Oklahoma Louisiana

Estimated 2014 Savings If Louisiana’s Imprisonment Rate Matched Other States

• $91,368,684
• $90,540,823
• $76,467,189
• $48,733,850

Cost of Being #1: If Louisiana Had the Second Highest Imprisonment Rate in 2014, It Would Have Saved $49 Million

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics

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Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

Violent 14% Drug 36% Property 31% Other 19%

Admissions by Primary Offense Type, 2015

Finding: 86% of Prison Admissions Are Nonviolent

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Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

44.5 54.4 10 20 30 40 50 60

Months Mean Sentence Length for Newly Sentenced Prisoners, 2010 and 2015 File Review Release Sample

2010 2015

Finding: Average Sentence Length for Common Nonviolent Offenses Has Increased in Last 5 Years

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Finding: Most Prison Admissions Are for Failures

• n Supervision

Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

9,978 69% 10,300 9,658 59% 4,536 31% 7,312 6,755 41%

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Admissions by Admission Type by Year

Revocation from Supervision Newly Sentenced Prisoner

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Finding: Share of Inmates That Have Served More Than 10 Years Increased in Last Decade

Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

11,519 10,621 3,774 5,400 4,539 10,848 9,371 4,276 4,672 6,974

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 4-5 Years 6-10 Years More Than 10 Years

Prison Population by Time In So Far Category, 2006 and 2015

2006 2015

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• Finding: 86% of prison admissions are nonviolent

– Reforms:

• Expands eligibility for probation and other alternatives to

incarceration, including drug court.

• Finding: Average sentence length for common nonviolent offenses

has increased in last 5 years – Reforms:

• Tailors sentences for drug offenses by weight, trimming penalties

for possession and sale of small weights; expands parole eligibility for violent and nonviolent offenses; streamlines parole release; and authorizes increased earned time credits.

Task Force Key Findings and JRI Reforms

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• Finding: Most prison admissions are for failures on supervision

– Reforms:

• Creates earned compliance credits; and caps jail time as a

sanction for violations at 15, 30, and 45 days.

• Finding: Share of inmates that have served more than 10 years

increased in last decade – Reforms:

• Reduces habitual offender penalties by lowering mandatory

minimum sentences; retroactively expands parole to individuals serving time for nonviolent offenses; and permits most people sentenced to life as juveniles to be considered for parole after serving 25 years in prison.

Task Force Key Findings and JRI Reforms

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Louisiana Reforms: Minimum of $262 Million Averted Over 10 Years

Source: Louisiana Department of Corrections

35,885 36,541 35,682 32,814 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 Actual Pre-Reform Post-Reform

Projection Absent Reform Projection With JRI

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Louisiana Reforms: Widespread Political Support

Given Louisiana’s budget pressures and workforce needs, continuing along the same path is unsustainable. It’s time to take a hard look at the criminal justice system and make smarter choices about who we lock up and for how long. That’s why business community leaders from across the state applaud the […] Justice Reinvestment Task Force.

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Louisiana Reforms: Widespread Political Support

Louisiana voters take a results-focused view about what counts when it comes to crime and punishment. A 68% majority (53% “strongly”) side with the view that it is not the length of the sentence that is important, but rather whether the system ensures that offenders are less likely to commit another crime. Only 25% support the view that longer sentences are more effective.

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Louisiana Reforms: Widespread Political Support

[The Justice Reinvestment Reforms are] the boldest change of direction for Louisiana since the reform of New Orleans public schools after Hurricane Katrina […]. Approval of the[se] 10 measures […] is an illustration of what can happen when citizens and lawmakers approach Louisiana’s most vexing problems collaboratively.

Our Views: At last, a real shot at prison reform

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NEXT STEPS

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Justice Reinvestment Work Plan

• 1. Prison Trends
• Examine major trends in the state’s correctional population; how the

prison and supervision populations have changed over the last decade.

• 2. Policy Development
• Evaluate and discuss potential policies; reach out to interested

stakeholders.

• 3. Final Findings and Recommendations
• Finalize recommendations and task legislature with codifying them into

law.

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Justice Reinvestment Schedule

• 1. Data trends, Part I: Week of Sept 4th
• 2. Data trends, Part II: Week of Sept 25th
• 1st round of working groups: Week of Oct 16th
• 2nd round of working groups: Week of Oct 30th
• 3rd round of working groups: Week of Nov 6th
• 3. Report-out of working groups: Week of Nov 6th
• 4th round of working groups: Week of Nov 27th
• 4. Finalize policies and impacts: Week of Dec11th

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Justice Reinvestment Working Groups

• Two to four small, policy-focused workgroups designed to

closely review and discuss possible reforms.

• Content of the workgroups will depend on the trends of

prison and community corrections populations, as well as the interest of the members.

• Workgroups will be composed of members of the SROC and

external stakeholders; all recommendations from the workgroups will be presented to the full SROC for adoption.

• Groupings will be designated by the Chair and Co-Chair.

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Justice Reinvestment Meeting Times Meeting Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Data trends, part I

• Sept. 5th
• Sept. 6th

Data trends, part II

• Sept. 28th
• Sept. 29th

1st round of working groups

• Oct. 16th
• Oct. 17th
• Oct. 20th (pm)

2nd round of working groups

• Oct. 30th
• Nov. 1st

3rd round of working groups

• Nov. 8th
• Nov. 9th
• Nov. 10th

Report-out of working groups

• Nov. 8th
• Nov. 9th
• Nov. 10th

4th round of working groups

• Nov. 27th
• Nov. 28th

Finalize policies and impacts

• Dec. 15th

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• Connie Utada

– Office: 202.540.6423 – Email: CUtada@pewtrusts.org

• Emily Levett

– Office: 202.540.6732 – Email: ELevett@pewtrusts.org Public Safety Performance Project www.pewtrusts.org/publicsafety

Contact Info