Prof. U.R. Rao Cha hairman an, , PRL L Cou ounc ncil (Former - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

by

• Prof. U.R. Rao

Cha hairman an, , PRL L Cou

• unc

ncil

(Former Chairman, ISRO & Secretary, DOS) Department of Space, Antariksh Bhavan New BEL Road, Bangalore ‟ 560 094

OCTOBER 19, 2008 Lecture delivered at WAAS, Hyderabad

S-1

ECONOMICS, ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY FOR THE WORLD

SLIDE 2

ECONOM CONOMICS ICS

1. Soaring Inflation particularly in Developing Countries. 2. Percent Inflation in Developed Countries US (2.2), UK (3.1), Japan (2.6), Canada (2.7), Australia (3.9). 3. Percent inflation in developing nations - India (9.0), Brazil (5.4), China (11.9), S. Africa (5.1), Indonesia (6.3). 4. Inflation primarily in food articles, poor productivity, escalating oil price, poor rural infrastructure affecting the poorer sections of society.

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SLIDE 3

CAUS USES ES OF INFLATI TION

1. Oil Price increase hampering growth in energy production, Infrastructure which in turn affects industrial and agricultural growth. 2. While GDP growth in India is 9% per year, contribution of agriculture has diminished. Agricultural Contribution is 17%, Industry (19%) and Services (64%). In USA, it is 5%, 20% & 75%. 3. Unlike in USA where only 2% people are engaged in Agriculture, 60% of people in India are dependant on Agriculture. 4. Poor agricultural productivity (1.0 ‟ 2.5 t/ha.) has major effect on rural population in addition to affecting food security. Population growth (2.5% / year) offsets more than Agri growth (<2% / year).

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SLIDE 4

RURAL RAL ECONO ONOMICS ICS

1. 1. GDP growth has minimal effect t on rural populati ation n ‟ rapid increa ease e in inequity ty (factor tor of 1.5) between en the rich and poor, who are most vulnera rable. ble. 2. 2. Large e scale e unemploy ployment nt and under-em employ ployment ent in rural areas. 3. 3. Need to establish h agro-ba based ed industr tries es in rural areas for providin ding g gainful ul employment.

• ent. This

requires res substanti antial al increa ease e in energy and infrastr truct ucture. ure. 4. 4. Limite ted d agricult ultural ral land cannot t support t such large populati ation

• n ‟ large scale deployment

nt of rural people e to urban ‟ semi-urban rban areas needed. d. 5. 5. Massive investment tment needed d for providing ding vocational

• nal training

ng to enable e rural people to get gainful ul employmen

• yment.

t.

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SLIDE 5

AGRICU RICULTURAL RAL PRODU ODUCT CTIVI IVITY TY

S–5

Devel eloped

• ped

Countrie untries Devel elopi

• ping

ng Countrie untries Asia Latin tin America ica Africa ica Popul ulation ation 2005 (Billi lions)

• ns)

1.0 5.4 3.6 0.6 0.8 Popul ulati ation

• n 2020 (Billi

lions)

• ns)

1.1 6.8 4.5 0.8 1.2 Popul ulati ation

• n 2050 (Billi

lions)

• ns)

1.2 8.4 5.4 1.0 1.8 Food

• d Produc

ductivity tivity 2005 (T/ha.) a.) 4.6 2.8 2.4 3.2 1.1 Requi quired ed Produc ductivity tivity 2020 (Ton / ha.)

• 4.0

4.2 3.6 3.4 Requi quired ed Produc ductivity tivity 2050 (Ton / ha.)

• 4.6

4.8 4.0 4.8

SLIDE 6

FOOD D SECURITY URITY

1. Poor Food Productivity 1.7 ton / ha. Average in India. 2. Primary cause is negative effect of green Revolution. 3. Food security requires increased productivity to ~4.5 t/ha. in developing countries by 2050. 4. New Ever Green Revolution requires: Grid-based precision farming by combining space technology and bio-technological inputs. 5. Massive investment in Energy / Infrastructure needed. 6. Needs better access to marketing, development of agro-based industries. 7. India ‟ started with Rural Kiosks (Gyandoot, Tarhat, Drishti) and now Village Resource Centers. 8. Use of space technology for better meteorological forecasting and mitigation of disasters (drought, meteorological disasters).

S–6

SLIDE 7

AGRICULTURE & SOIL

• Crop Acreage & Production Estimation
• Soil & Land Degradation Mapping
• Watershed Development
• Horticulture Mission for North-East

AGRICULTURE & SOIL

• Crop Acreage & Production Estimation
• Soil & Land Degradation Mapping
• Watershed Development
• Horticulture Mission for North-East

WATER

• Potential Drinking Water Zones
• Command Area Management
• Reservoir Sedimentation

WATER WATER

• Potential Drinking Water Zones

Potential Drinking Water Zones

• Command Area Management

Command Area Management

• Reservoir Sedimentation

Reservoir Sedimentation FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO

• Forest Cover & Type Mapping
• Forest Fire and Risk Mapping
• Biodiversity Characterisation
• Environmental Impact Studies

FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO

• Forest Cover & Type Mapping

Forest Cover & Type Mapping

• Forest Fire and Risk Mapping

Forest Fire and Risk Mapping

• Biodiversity

Biodiversity Characterisation Characterisation

• Environmental Impact Studies

Environmental Impact Studies DISASTER SUPPORT

• Flood Damage Assessment
• Drought Monitoring
• Land Slide Hazard Zonation

DISASTER SUPPORT

• Flood Damage Assessment

Flood Damage Assessment

• Drought Monitoring

Drought Monitoring

• Land Slide Hazard

Land Slide Hazard Zonation Zonation OCEAN

• Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)
• Coastal Zone Mapping

OCEAN

• Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)
• Coastal Zone Mapping

LAND

• Landuse/Land Cover Mapping
• Wasteland Mapping
• Urban Sprawl Studies
• Large Scale Mapping

LAND

• Landuse/Land Cover Mapping
• Wasteland Mapping
• Urban Sprawl Studies
• Large Scale Mapping

WEATHER & CLIMATE

• Extended Range

Monsoon Forecasting

• Ocean State Forecasting
• Regional Climate Model

WEATHER & CLIMATE

• Extended Range

Monsoon Forecasting

• Ocean State Forecasting
• Regional Climate Model

Earth Observation- Applications

PLANNING COMMISSION

• Agro-Climatic Zone Based Planning

(Land Use / Land Cover)

• Agroclimatic Planning Info. Bank-APIB

PLANNING COMMISSION

• Agro-Climatic Zone Based Planning

(Land Use / Land Cover)

• Agroclimatic Planning Info. Bank-APIB

GEOLOGY & MINERALS

• Vasundara
• GEOISMM
• Coal Fire studies
• Mineral Exploration

GEOLOGY & MINERALS GEOLOGY & MINERALS

• Vasundara
• GEOISMM
• Coal Fire studies
• Mineral Exploration

S-7

SLIDE 8

S-1

IMSD - ACTION PLANS

Surface Water Harvesting, Ground Water Exploration and Recharge, Soil Conservation, Alternate Land use Water Resources Development Check Dams Percolation Tanks Nala Bunds Dykes (Bandhara) Farm Ponds Vegetative Bunds Gully Plugs Tank Desiltation Dug/Tube Wells Land Resources Development Agro-horticulture Agro-forestry Silvipasture Double cropping Intensive Agriculture Afforestation Forest Enrichment Pasture Development Fuel/Fodder Plantation

S-8

SLIDE 9

S-9

SLIDE 10

S-1 S-10

SLIDE 11

VILLAGE RESOURCE CENTRES (VRC)

OUTREACH TO GRASSROOTS Village Resource Centre (VRC)

• Digital Connectivity
• EO based Info.
• Advisory on Agri,

Fisheries, Livilihood support, …

• Tele-Education,

Healthcare, ..

• Disaster Management

Components

Set-up:

Being Set-up:

Status

September 06 , 2008 S–11

SLIDE 12

EN ENER ERGY GY SE SECUR URITY ITY

„ Energy Security for Industrial Expansion, Agricultural and Infrastructure Growth. India’s high GDP growth is mainly nly due to services sector r ‟ manufac factur turing ng sector

• r growth needs increased

ased energy. „ Per capita ta energy usage (Kg oil equi), ), US (7920), ), Europe e (3990) as against t China (1240), ), India (530), ), Developin

• ping

g countri ries (1070) 0). „ Energ rgy Deficit t 10% on an average ge and 15-18% % at peak in India. 160, 0,00 000 0 MW installed d capacity ty of which oil / coal 65%, Hy Hydro 25%, Solar 7.5% and Nu Nuclear ar 2.5%. „ Globa bal warming ng scenar ario

• 0.75
• C Increase

e in the last 150 years. „ CO CO2 Emission

• n Increase

ase from 280 PPM to 380 PPM. „ Globa bal Wa Warming ng effect ct ‟ Glacier er Melting, ng, Arctic c ice melti ting, ng, Sea Level Ri Rise (3mm/ m/yr) yr), , Inundati dation

• n of low lying

g coastal tal areas, , changin nging g weather er pattern, n, Increase ase in extr trem eme meteor

• rologi
• logical

al events ts. „ IPCC Panel Predicti tion

• n by 2100

0 Temp.

• p. rise of 3.4
• C (2.0 ‟ 5.4
• C)

C) Sea Level rise .37m (0.23 3 ‟ 0.51) 51)

S–12

SLIDE 13

GLOB OBAL AL WARM RMIN ING G PO POLITI TICS CS

„ Rich countr tries es contribu bute te most t on per-capit pita a basis US (22t), ), Australi ralia (19t), ), Europe pean an Co Countries ries (11t) t), , 1 billion

• n people

e (16%) ) accoun unt t for almost

• st 50% of CO

CO2 Emiss ssion

• n as against

nst 5 billion

• n people

e in developing

• ping countri

ries es contributi buting ng 50%. „ Kyoto to Protocol

• col specifi

fically recommends nds ‟ rich countr tries es must t reduce e their r emission n to make space e for poor to grow.

• w. Ho

Howe weve ver, r, US US / Australi alia a have increa eased sed CO CO2 Emiss ssion

• n by 19% in the last

decade. de. „ Transpo port rt contri ributes utes 15% of total CO2 Emission.

• n.

US US alone contribu butes tes 36% of the above. e. „ Poor r countri ries es cannot t survive e with their populati ation

• n predicted

ted to increase ase from the present t 5 billion

• n

to almost t 9 billion

• n by 2050.

.

S–13

SLIDE 14

GLOB OBAL AL WARM RMIN ING G SO SOLUTI TION ON

„ While e IPCC CC report rt is broadly ly connect, t, detailed led predict ctio ions ns at national

• nal / sub-natio

ational nal level have large uncert rtainties inties. . Addition itional al caution

• n for global warming

ming (effect fect of cosmic c rays thro roug ugh low level cloud format matio ion) n) can also alter er estimat mated d effect ct of CO2

2 emission.

sion. „ Enormou rmous s politica tical l pressur ure partic ticula ularly rly target etting ting India and China having over 30% % of global populat atio ion. n. „ Use of alterna rnate te clean energy y sources, s, prohibit itingly ingly expensive ive for developing ping countrie tries.

• s. Even

nuclear ar energy capita tal l cost is 50% % more than coal ($1.6 millio lion n / mega watt tt as against t $1.0 .0 million ion for coal). „ Carb rbon

• n credits

its trading ing is a total l failure ure besides being demeanin ing. g.

S–14

SLIDE 15

GLOB OBAL AL WARM RMIN ING G SOLUTIO ION N Contd..

ntd..

„ One possible le solution ion is instead ead of carbon credits its trading, ding, you fix CO2 emission sion limit it for develop

• ped

d / developing ing countries ries and impose se hefty ty fine on those who exceed their r limit. it. „ The fund collected from fines be kept under a separate “Global Warming Fund”, which is to be utilis lised ed to support rt developing ping countrie tries s in building ng clean energy systems.

• ems. The fund

distri tribut utio ion n to be based on the populatio ation n and GDP of each countr try. y. „ The biggest st difficult ficulty is in making g any developed ed countr try y to accept t any such limit it and abide by the rule.

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SLIDE 16

Ethical ical policy, y, be it betwe ween en individuals, iduals, societies ties or nations, ns, require ires s us to inculcate cate a l litt ttle le bit of imagination, reverence and respect for other’s way of thinking, tolerance to others ideas and practices, tices, concern rn for the well-being eing of the poor, , continu nued d effort

• rt to impro

rove ve the quality ity of life of all people, , reveren rence ce for nature, re, fusion n of material erial and spirit itual ual values and deep concern rn for the future ure generation ation who will inherit rit the earth. th. The day that t all men and women, n, all societies ties and nations

• ns dedicate

ate themselve selves s to the servic vice e of Daridr dra Naray ayana ana (God manife ifest sted d in the hungry, , destit itute ute millions) ions) to the uplift iftment ment and edific icat atio ion, n, we will have established lished true harmony

• ny in this divided

d world. ld. “Swami Vivekananda”

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SLIDE 17

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