developing a MPA network in the Great Barrier Reef Jon Day Great - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lessons learned from developing a MPA network in the Great Barrier Reef

Jon Day

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

MPA News Webinar

28 August 2009

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (a single MPA)

…~250 km

• ffshore

Stretches

• ver 14o

latitude Federal MP from low water mark along coast…

In area, the GBR is about the same as Malaysia, New Zealand

• r Norway…

Princess Charlotte Bay Cape Flattery

The Great Barrier Reef

• ~ 3,000 separate reefs
• over 900 islands

Lizard Island

80 Kilometres

GBR = multiple use Marine Park

• commercial fishing,

including bottom trawling in some areas

• recreational fishing
• shipping/ports
• tourism
• aquaculture
• defence training
• indigenous hunting
• permitted works,

including dredging

4

Multiple Use: hence, most reasonable activities are allowed in certain zones, including:

Zon

• nin

ing

= a key managemen ent t tool

Zoni

• ning Plan

n – not the e only ly mana anageme ment t tool

Preservation Zone – ‘no go’ Marine Nat’l Park - no-take Scientific Research Buffer Zone – pelagic trolling only Conserv’n Park – limited fishing Habitat Protection – no trawling General Use – all reasonable uses

Zo Zoning ng in GB GBRM RMP h P has been progre ressiv ssivel ely y develo loped ed since ce 1980s 0s By By the late 1990s, s, seven n marine zones types were applied …

Revis ised d Zo Zoning ng Pl Plan

1 July 2004

Prese serva rvation tion Zone 0.2% (0.1%)

Marine Nat’l Park 33.3%

(4.6%)

Scient ent. . Researc earch 0.05% (0.01%) Bu Buffer er Zone 2.9%

(0.1%)

Conservat’n Park 1.5%

(0.6%)

Habi bitat tat Protect’n 28.2% (15.2%) Genera neral Use 33.8% (77.9%)

Revised d ZP Old ZP

The GBR zoning 'network'

More than just the no-take zones…. … Rather, the network is the totality of all the zones operating synergistically, at various spatial scales, and with a range of protection levels that are collectively designed to meet

• bjectives that a single zone or reserve would

not achieve.

Adapted from: 'Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks—Making It Happen' (2008) Publ. by IUCN-WCPA, NOAA and The Nature Conservancy.

Establishing MPA Networks:

A guide for developing national and regional capacity for building MPA networks Non-technical summary report (16pp) WCPA/IUCN, 2007 Available on-line – see last slide for website

23 important considerations when developing a successful MPA network

• Eight ecological criteria for network design;
• Six areas of best practice for establishing

networks;

• Four broader considerations to help

successfully embed MPA networks within a wider social network; and

• Five key elements to make MPA networks

happen and achieve their goals.

Ec Ecolog

• gica

ical l design n criter eria ia

– Conne nnect ctivi ivity ty – Permanence rmanence – Prec ecaution autionary ry design ign – Replicati plication

• n

– Representivit presentivity – Resilience esilience – Size ze and shape pe – Viability ability

13

Ecologica gical design criteri teria

CONN NNECTIVITY ECTIVITY

14

Consider all linkages, and wherever possible utilise them when planning the network; for example:

• Within coral reefs (‘self seeding’ areas)
• Between coral reefs (‘sink-source’ reefs)
• Land-sea connectivity
• Cross-shelf connectivity (nursery areas,

spawning areas, feeding areas)

• Upwellings
• Long-shore ocean currents

Ex Example le of marine conne nect ctivity ivity

(Source: R Kelly, ACRS)

The Red Emperor spends different stages of its life cycle utilising different habitats

15

Ecologica gical design criteri teria

REP EPRESENTI RESENTIVITY VITY an and R d REP EPLICA LICATIO TION

16

• Systematic approach ie. representative examples
• f:
• all bioregions
• all key habitats/ communities
• all ecological processes
• Representation more important than specific

percentages

• More than one no-take area per bioregion (3-4 in

some bioregions)

• Aim to minimise and/or spread the risk from

either natural disasters (eg. cyclone, COTs) or man-made disasters (eg oil spill)

Experts perts identified ntified bioregion regions: s:

• 30 Reef
• 40 Non-

Reef ef

• Total

tal - 70 70 bioregions

• regions

17

Ecologica gical design criteri teria

SIZE SIZE and

and SH

SHAP APE

19

• Larger rather than smaller (improve compliance)
• ‘Simple’ boundaries where possible (improve

public understanding and hence compliance)

• Minimise edge effects
• Maximise ecological benefits while minimising

social-economic consequences

• Consider other criteria (eg. connectivity)

Be Best practic tices es for plannin ing g and implemen entat tatio ion

– Make ake best t use of f available ailable info form rmation ation – Stak akeh eholder

• lder partic

icipation ipation – Political litical commitm mmitment ent – Clea early rly define ned d objec ectives tives – In Inte tegrated grated manag nagem ement ent fr framework mework – Adap aptiv ive e manag agemen ement

20

Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation

• n

ST STAK AKEHO EHOLDER LDER PA PARTICIPATION TICIPATION

21

• Legislative requirement for public involvement in

planning (minimum of two formal phases)

• Involved throughout planning process
• Lessons learned for effective participation
• Effective participation/input, not just token 'lip

service'

Draft ft Zoning g Plan – mid 2003

Revised sed & final Zoning g Plan 2004

Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation

• n

PO POLIT LITICAL ICAL COMM MMITMENT ITMENT

25

• Fundamental ongoing requirement
• Major factor in success of RAP/rezoning
• Important to maintain liaison throughout
• Commitment at all levels (Minister, local politicians,

agency)

• ‘Political windows’
• Accept there is likely to be some political

compromise

Best t practi tice ce for planning & implementati entation

• n

CLE LEAR ARLY LY DEF EFINED INED OBJ BJECTIVES ECTIVES

26

• Clear objects of the Act (primary & secondary)
• Clear zone objectives (derived from legislation)
• 11 biophysical planning principles

(‘measurable’, against which zoning network could be assessed)

• 4 socio-economic-management principles

Planning ‘principles’ for no-ta take ke network work

Biophysical Operating Principles

• 1. Minimum size 20km across if possible
• 2. The larger, the better
• 3. Replicate no-take areas within bioregions to reduce risk
• 4. Don’t ‘split-zone’ reefs if possible

5 & 6. Minimum of at least 20% per bioregion (5 = reef; 6= non-reef)

• 7. Consider cross-shelf & latitudinal diversity
• 8. Include examples of all community types & physical environments
• 9. Consider connectivity
• 10. Consider special & unique sites/locations
• 11. Consider adjacent uses

Social, Economic, Cultural & Management Operating Principles

• 1. Maximise complementarity with adjacent areas
• 2. Recognise social benefits / costs
• 3. Complement existing & future management
• 4. Maximise public understanding & enforceability

Br Broader er consid ider erati ation

• ns

s or contex text

– Econ

• nomic
• mic and social

ial cons nsideration iderations – Spat atial ial and te temporal poral consid nsiderations erations – Scientific ientific and inform rmation ation manag agement ement considerati nsiderations

• ns

– Instit titutiona utional l and governa ernance ce cons nsideration iderations

28

Broader der consideratio erations ns or context xt

EC ECONOM ONOMIC IC an and d SO SOCIAL IAL CONSIDERATIO NSIDERATIONS NS

29

• Use best available biophysical & socio-economic

information

• Better information will ensure better planning
• utcomes
• Need ability to incorporate new knowledge as it

becomes available

• Consider what influences public attitudes
• Identify broad costs and benefits (incl indirect

costs and benefits)

• ecosystem goods & services
• cultural traditions and values

Social-economic datasets eg. commercial fishing – grid data

Commercial cial Line e fishin hing g logboo book k data

• reef & non-reef

30

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Data

DR DRAF AFT T Zo Zoning g Pl Plan

FI FINA NAL Zo Zoning Pl Plan

VMS Data

Broader der consideratio erations ns or context xt

SP SPAT ATIAL IAL an and T d TEM EMPO PORAL AL CONSIDERAT SIDERATION IONS

33

• Recognise ecosystems exist at many scales

and smaller ones often nested within larger

• nes
• Plan at the appropriate scale
• Recognise ‘shifting baselines’ (often already

a disturbed state)

• Dynamic systems subject to changes over

time

Key elements nts for MPA n networks rks

– Public blic educa cation, tion, communicati mmunication

• n and awarene

reness ss – Political litical will l and leadership dership – Comp

• mpliance

liance and enforc rcement ement – Monitori nitoring ng and asses sessm sment ent – Sustain stainab able le financing ncing

34

Key elements ts for MPA netwo works rks

PU PUBL BLIC IC ED EDUCATION CATION, , COMMUNI MMUNICATION CATION an and d AWARENESS RENESS

35

• Free zoning maps prepared and distributed
• Use of ‘Champions’
• Many ways to interact incl website
• Considerable effort and resources in

communication and education

• Ongoing today - Reef Guardian Schools;

Reef Guardian Councils

Visit the website … <www.gb gbrm rmpa pa.go .gov.a v.au>

Key elements ts for MPA netwo works rks

COMPLIA MPLIANC NCE E AN AND EN ENFO FORCEME RCEMENT NT

37

• Complementary approach assists compliance
• Consider practicality when planning
• Zoning coordinates – GPS-based offshore; use of

features inshore

• Enforcement shared by agencies; public also

assists, so ensure they understand the rules

• Use technology where available eg. VMS
• Educate also the judiciary

Sum ummary mary - le lessons

• ns le

lear arnt nt ab abou

• ut

t rol

• le

e of

• f scie

ienc nce

1.

• 1. Do

Don’t t wa wait for ‘perfec ect t science ence’ or data a … you wi will never ver start. rt. 2.

• 2. Th

The value ue of a ro robust ust regionalisation

• nalisation as a basis

is for planning nning (experts

rts alone e will l not develop lop a regionalisat nalisation ion useful ful for broad-sc scal ale e planning ning eg. get ‘hung up’ trying ng to deter ermin mine e perfec ect t bioregion gion boundari aries es). ).

3.

• 3. A clear

r and transparent nsparent set of operatin ating g principles nciples assists sists everyone. ryone. 4.

• 4. Th

The operating ating principles ciples are not targets ets or ‘ideal’ amo mounts unts… & ne need to be considered sidered collective ectively ly as ‘a package kage’

Su Summ mmary ary - le lessons

• ns le

lear arnt nt - pu publ blic ic pa parti ticipa cipatio tion n

1.

• 1. Many

ny sta takeholders keholders initially tially were re misinform sinformed ed about ut the key issue ues/ s/pressures pressures 2.

• 2. Peop
• ple

le need to understan erstand there e is a problem blem before

• re

acc ccepting epting th that t a solution ution is required uired i.

i.e. new w zonin ing wa was necessary ary

3.

• 3. RAP

P was not about ut mana naging ging fisheri eries es, , but rather er about

• ut prote

tectin cting g all biodiver diversi sity ty 4.

• 4. Tailor

ilor the key y messag ssages es for differen erent t target et audien diences ces (a strateg

tegic ic approac ach) h)

5.

• 5. Some

me elements ments of f public ic partic ticip ipat atio ion n were re more e suc ucce cess ssful ul than others rs

Th The e ma main in fa factors tors fo for th the e suc uccess cess of

• f th

the re e rezon

• nin

ing? g?

The successful rezoning outcome relied heavily on: – Using best available scientific knowledge – High level of public participation – Effective leadership (within agency & political) – Consequent socio-political support.

• All four aspects were essential, but the

importance of the latter three cannot be emphasised enough.

For more information:

IUCN – 'Establishing MPA networks'

www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa_puball/ wcpa_pubsubject/wcpa_marinepub/

Great Barrier Reef rezoning:

www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/management/representative_ areas_program

Th Than ank you

• u