Presentation on Lintels and Arches Presented by Nayem Bin Sayed - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 Presentation on Lintels and Arches Presented by Nayem Bin Sayed Mehedi Hasan Rana

Lintels 2  A lintel is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports. It can be a load-bearing building component, a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item. It is often found over portals, doors, windows, and fireplaces .

Types of lintels by materials 3  Wooden lintels  Stone lintels  Brick lintels  Reinforced Brick lintels  Reinforced Concrete lintels  Steel lintels

Wooden lintels 4  Generally used in hilly areas where timber is easily available  It is not fire proof  The minimum depth of the lintel should be 7.6 cm. Fig: Wooden lintels

Stone lintels 5  Commonly used in stone districts  It is highly cost  The thickness is taken as 4 cm per 30 cm length of span Fig: Stone lintels

Brick lintels 6  They are considered suitable for small openings with light loading conditions.  It is constructed with hard, well burnt, first class Fig: Brick lintels bricks.

Reinforced Brick Lintels 7 It is required in  large span The gap of bricks  is filled with rich cement mortar Reinforced Brick lintel

Reinforced concrete Lintels 8 It is used for  durability, strength and fire resisting property. It is used for  bigger span and heavy loading. It is constructed  with 1:2:4 cement concrete Fig: Reinforced Concrete lintel reinforced with steel bar.

Steel lintels 9  It is used in a large opening carrying heavy wall load is to be spanned by a lintel  It consists of section of rolled steel joists  It is used singly or on a combination of Steel lintel two or three.

Arches 10  An arch may be defined as mechanical arrangement of wedge shaped blocks of stones or bricks mutually supporting each other and supported at the end by piers or abutments. Arches

Technical terms 11 Abutment Arch ring Intrados Extrados Voussoirs Springing stone Springing line Crown Key stone Skew back Span Rise Springing points Depth Haunc Spandril

Types of arches by materials and construction 12 Brick arches 1. Stone arches 2. Concrete arches 3. Flat arches 4. Semi circular arches 5. Segmental arches 6. Relieving arches 7. Dutch or French arches 8.

Brick arches 13 Rough arches: • Built with ordinary bricks which are not cut to wedge shape • Generally used over wooden Fig: Rough brick arches lintels.

14 Axed arches: • The bricks are cut to wedge- shape • The joints are of uniform thickness • The wedge shaped units are not finely dressed.

15 Gauged arches: • Accurately prepared to a wedge shape Hard bricks aren’t • used.

Stone arches 16  Two types: 1. Rubble arches : Rubble stone and roughly shaped. 2. Ashlar arches: Arch stone and Flat stone arches proper shaped. Flat stone  arches  Semi circular stone arches Semi circular stone arch

Concrete arches 17 Two types : 1.Concrete block arches: For small opening and span. Fig: Concrete block arches 2. Monolithic Concrete arches: For large opening like roof, bridge etc. Monolithic Concrete Arches

Other types of arches 18  Segmental arches  Semi circular arches Semi circular Arches

Other types of Arches 19  Relieving Arch  Dutch or French Arch Fig: Relieving Arch Fig: Dutch or French Arch

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