Presentation by Mary Mkhonto Msc Zoology Supervisor: JHJ Van Vuren - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Presentation by Mary Mkhonto Msc Zoology Supervisor: JHJ Van Vuren Zoology Department, University of Johannesburg 31 July 2014 Introduction Aims Materials and Methods Results + Conclusion Lower Phongolo The Study OCP

Presentation by Mary Mkhonto Msc Zoology Supervisor: JHJ Van Vuren Zoology Department, University of Johannesburg 31 July 2014
• Introduction • Aims • Materials and Methods • Results + Conclusion
Lower Phongolo The Study • OCP Bioaccumulation • Biomarker Analysis Target Species O. mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) C. gariepinus (Sharptooth Catfish)
Evaluating the impacts of environmental stressors 1. and pesticides on the Lower Phongolo River and floodplains. 2. The use of two fish species, Oreochromis mosambicus and Clarias gariepinus as bio-indicators of pollution and environmental stress. 3. The determination of contaminating compounds and bio-accumulation levels in fish.
Beneficial but detrimental Effective Management and support studies Phongolopoort Dam Agriculture and malaria prevalence DDT persistence and monitoring
Local Communities Josiah Townsend Josiah Townsend Josiah Townsend Josiah Townsend
Sample Site Biomarker Collection + Selection Analysis Preparation
Biomarkers SHORT TERM LONG TERM Biological Complexity, Response Time & Biological Significance Molecular Pollutant & Tissue Organs Individual animal Chemicals Cellular Physical factors & Biological Agents LATER EFFECTS EARLY BIOMARKER SIGNALS
Biomarkers Biomarkers of effect Biomarkers of exposure (Antioxidant stress) AChE (organophosphate Catalase Assay (ROS enzyme) and carbamate pesticide) Lipid peroxidation -malondialdehyde Cytochrome P450 (lipid breakdown) (organochline exposure ) Protein carbonyls (protein breakdown) MT Assay (metal exposure) Superoxide Dismutase (ROS enzyme) Glutathione (metal exposure) Energy reserve alterations: Cellular Energy Allocations
Findings and Importance Findings: Importance: • Stress • Metals • Pesticides
Acknowledgements: Family Supervisor : Johan van Vuren Co-supervisor : Nico Smit Student : Ruan Gerber Collaborators and Funders : University of the North West and Hokkudai (Japan) WRC, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Ndumo Game Reserve
Fish Oreachromis mossambicus Clarias Gariepinus ( Mozambican tilapia) (Sharptooth catfish) M. K. Oliver
Site Selection Usutu River Nyamiti Pan Outlet Phongolo River
Fish collection and Preparation

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