Power Flow Control Frank C. Lambert, P.E. ISGT Europe October 13, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Power Flow Control

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Frank C. Lambert, P.E. ISGT Europe October 13, 2014

Table of Contents

• Power Flow Control Development
• History
• Technology Overview
• NEETRAC Testing
• Applications

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Technology History

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2001‐2008

DSR Prototype Initial Patent Filing Deepak Divan

Formation of the Smart Wire Focus Initiative (SWFI)

Formation of the Smart Wire Grid, Inc. (SWG)

NEETRAC Gen 1 Testing NEETRAC Gen 2 Testing

99 units installed at TVA 33 units installed at Southern Company

Router Development

PowerLine Guardian Technology

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• Distributed power flow control for

existing transmission lines

• Diverts current from the overloaded

lines to underutilized ones

• Increases line impedance by

injecting a pre‐tuned value of magnetizing inductance through the single‐turn transformer

• Two methods of operation
• 1. Operate autonomously based on

locally programmable set points,

• r…
• 2. Two way communications enable

dynamic operation and robust line monitoring

Power Line XM SM S2 Cf Control Comms Power Supply Current Feedback CDC Lf

PowerLine Router Technology

• Enables ability to “divert” current from a line (inductive mode) or “pull” current into a

line (capacitive mode).

• Router utilizes a single‐turn transformer and converter to inject a synthesized voltage
• nto the power line.

– Voltage can be of arbitrary phase, magnitude, or frequency – limited by the available core energy and device ratings. – Via direct and dynamic control of the single‐turn transformer voltage, the router can emulate a series capacitor or inductor, and can also be used to compensate for grid harmonics, resonances, and oscillations.

Power Flow Control Solution

100 MW Capacity 32% 105% 21%

Before Control

Simplified planning scenario predicts future overload

With PowerLine Guardian

Power is pushed to alternate lines with spare capacity, resolving overload

105 MW Capacity 120 MW Capacity

With PowerLine Router

Power is pulled onto lines with spare capacity, resolving

• verload

40% 99% 27% 99% 61% 30%

Fault Current: 63 kA, 30 cycle fault Corona: 180 kV L‐to‐G corona free Impulse: 1050 kV impulse Clamp slip: >450 lbs. lateral force no slip Vibration: damper required

Smart Wires Testing

The Smart Wires Focused Initiative, with NEETRAC, developed tests for the Units, to confirm reliability and robustness for utility deployments:

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Units Met All Requirements

High Current Fault Testing

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Units were functional after 63 kA, 30 cycle fault

Sample_Volt

91.1 V

• 102.0 V

Sample_Curr_

215.0 kAmps

• 186.7 kAmps

2.000s/div 02:12.9 02:24.1

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Voltage across Unit Fault Current

Sample_Volt

83.39 V

• 102.0 V

Sample_Curr_

215.0 kAmps

• 172.2 kAmps

10.00 ms/div 02:14.3650 02:14.4190

Voltage across Unit Fault Current

Fault Event ~0.5 s

Monitor Mode Injection Mode Time

Transition to Monitor Mode

High Voltage Corona / Impulse Testing

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Units were functional after three +/‐ 1050 kV impulses Units were corona free below 180 kV Line to Ground, ~ 310 kV Line to Line

First Installations Through Collaboration with NEETRAC

October 2012 March 2013

Guardians installed on three lines at 115 & 161 kV Applications:

• TVA ‐ Flow control to

reduce need for redispatch during n‐1.

• Southern Company ‐

Mitigate overload during n‐1 contingency. Eliminated prior solution

• f a permanently online air

core reactor.

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• <15 min per module for de‐energized install
• Live line deployable (in development)
• Eliminates permitting requirements
• Eliminates new easement and ROW needs

Deployment Procedure

TVA Lineman: “One of the easiest things I have ever installed…” Smart Wire Installation Process was developed in collaboration with NEETRAC to ensure safety and alignment with utility standards.

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Applications

Data and Situational Awareness Opportunities Single Line Issues… System‐wide strategies…

• 1. Reliability Compliance
• 2. Nuisance Overload Mitigation
• 3. Operating Procedure Simplification
• 4. Line Construction Support
• 5. Phase Balancing
• 1. Congestion Relief or System Uplift
• 2. Capacity Payment Avoidance
• 3. Generation Profile Changes
• Support increased penetration of renewables
• Reduce cost of accommodating generation retirements
• 4. SPS Simplification
• 5. Loop Flow Mitigation
• 1. Situational Awareness
• 2. Condition-Based Maintenance
• 3. Dynamic Line Rating
• 4. Fault Location Detection
• 5. GIC Detection

1 2 3

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Applications: Reliability

Result

• Estimated $16.9 MM of savings
• Avoid reconductoring 42 circuit‐miles
• Free up capital for strategic projects
• Reduce outage windows

2013 Summer Case Reliability Violation Outage of Hugo ‐ Jordan: results in three thermal

• verloads

Reconductor Solution

Facility

• Est. Cost

($MM) Hugo – Hardy 18.8 Hardy – Sidney 2.0 Marlin – Nestor 2.1 Total: 22.9 Facility Action Est. Cost ($MM) Hugo – Hardy PLG 3.9 Marlin – Nestor Recon 2.1 Total: 6.0

Power Flow Control Solution

Combine reconductoring with PLGs

Facility Voltage (kV) Overload (%) Hugo – Hardy 230 kV 104 Hardy – Sidney 230 kV 104 Marlin – Nestor 115 kV 102

• Reliability can be achieved at less than 30% the cost of conventional solution.

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Applications: Capacity in Congested Regions

PJM Locational Deliverability Areas (LDAs)

• PowerLine Guardian technology can increase

the transmission capability and reduce the need for expensive capacity payments.

• In the PJM capacity auctions cleared in the

West at about $10 k/MW and in the East at high as $90 k/MW for the year.

• Utilizing SWG technology to increase

transmission capability from West to East there is potential for savings of ~$80 k/MW of increased transmission capability.

• Below are just a few transactions that could

support increased capacity and savings in PJM.

Link Node A LDA @ Node A Node B LDA @ Node B Increased Capacity (MW) Total Units (#) Total Savings ($MM/yr) Payback (yr) 1 AEP RTO BGE SWMAAC 518 1038 $37.5 0.3 2 AEP RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 640 2058 $46.3 0.4 3 DLCO RTO BGE SWMAAC 446 750 $32.3 0.2 4 DLCO RTO DPL EMAAC 463 1059 $36.7 0.3 5 DLCO RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 474 723 $34.3 0.2

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Summary

• Distributed, reliable, power

flow control solution

• Unique platform for sense and

respond

• Utility‐led transition from the

lab to commercialization

• New products currently under

development in collaboration with NEETRAC

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