Pohang Light Source (http//:pal.postech.ac.kr) Status and Research - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pohang Light Source

(http//:pal.postech.ac.kr)

Status and Research Activities

Jung Yun Huang (huang@postech.ac.kr) PAL(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory ) POSTECH

21 June 2007 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory

Project started

• Apr. 1 1988

Ground-breaking

• Apr. 1 1991

2-GeV Linac commissioning June 30 1994 Storage ring commissioning

• Dec. 24 1994

User’s service started

• Sept. 1 1995

Energy ramping to 2.5 GeV Sept. 1 2000 2.5-GeV injection

• Nov. 1 2002

200mA injection

• Sep. 2004

improved orbit FB < 2um

• Sep. 2005

POSTECH Campus

PAL

PAL: Chronology

• Construction (1988. 4 ~ 1994. 12)
• Total budget: 150.0 Bwon (~ 180M$)
• Machine Cost: ~ 66M$
• Operation
• 3 Divisions (12 Teams)

Accelerator Beamline Technical Support

• Total Number of Staffs : 132

73 Researchers (45 Ph.D.) 42 Technicians 17 Administrative Staffs + 51 Temporary Employees

• 2006 Operation Budget: 22.8 BWon (~24M$)

Manpower and Budget

Lab director: Prof. In Soo Ko

isko@postech.ac.kr

Typical Beam Current Pattern during one user shift

2006 PLS Operation Schedule

PLS Operation (236days, 5664 hrs) User Beamtime (189days, 4536 hrs) Machine T urn-On & Machine Studies (47 days, 1128 hrs) Maintenance & Upgrade (114 days, 2736 hrs) No Operation (15 days, 360hrs) S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28

2

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

3

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 30 31

4

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

5

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

6

29 30 31 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

7

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30

9

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

5 11 6 12 3 9 4 10 1 7 2 8

PLS Operation Status

2006 Operation Summary

• Max. stored beam current : ~ 195 mA
• User beamtime: ~4450 hr /4560 hr (189days)

= 97% beam availability

• Slow global orbit feedback runs every 5 seconds
• H. S. Kang

hakang@postech.ac.kr

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 etc MIS PS Interlock Photon Stop Beamline Operator Timing LCW Unknown Electric Power Linac Vacuum Control MPS RF System

1999: 2.5 GeV Operation Started 2002: Full energy injection Started 2005: end-of-life failure increased

Machine Fault Summary

User statistics

* 3,004 experiments by 10,138 users until 2005 Year ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ’05 531 797 648 1,957 382 1,321 467 310 1,197 408 270 1,071 ‘04 Sum Application 58 124 173 171 255 322 631 3,937 Approved 18 69 139 130 156 237 489 3,004

• No. of

Users 78 283 577 646 659 883 1,466 10,138

• No. of Users and Experiments
• No. of papers published by users

303 346 477 170 213 209

226 443 669 686 559 473 406 293 273 66 219 136 46 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

95년 96년 97년 98년 99년 00년 01년 02년 03년 04년 05년 학술지 학회 계

Machine Status

• 2.5GeV Linac
• 2.5GeV Storage Ring
• 70MeV Test Linac (nuclear data)
• 40MeV FIR source (in construction)
• 3.7GeV XFEL (in design work)

LINAC

• Energy Stabilization

and Feedback (top-up and FEL)

• digital phase and

amplitude feedback

• Smart modulator
• temperature control
• Replacement of

End-of-life Component

• Klystron development
• energy doubler
• power supplies
• Upgrade of Linac
• uW phase feedback
• diagnostics
• beam optics

Storage Ring

• Beam stabilization
• 80 digital MPS installed (2ppm)
• T control for electronic racks
• chamber(13m long) movement

monitored for all BPMs

• Beam instability
• longitudinal feedback (SLAC)
• HOM cure by T-control
• transverse feedback
• RF power (4 x 75kW, 500 MHz)
• 5th cavity to be installed
• Settlement of ground
• ground move ~1.5mm/year
• Source-beamline alignment
• HLS around SR tunnel floor

Operation Issues of PLS

Inje c tor L INAC

• T

he r mionic E le c tr

• n Gun
• 12 Pulse Modulator

s (200MW, 4us)

• 12 Klystr
• ns (80 MW)
• 11 E

ne r gy Double r s (g=1.6)

• 44 x 3m Ac c e le r

ating Se c tions (~ 20Me V/ m)

• L

e ngth = 160m

• 2.5Ge V, full e ne r

gy inje c tion

• 2,856 MHz (S-band)
• Nor

malize d e mittanc e : 150um

• 10Hz, 1.5 ns, 1A pulse d be am

Galle r y T unne l

2.5 GeV Linac

Operational Status of Modulator and Klystron

5 10 15 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Modulator Unit number DCHV (kV)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Accumulated Run Time (khr) DCHV Run (10/11/2006) Klystron Run (10/11/2006) DCHV(10/11/2006)

Warranty Time 10,000 hr Failed run Time 59,000 hr Average run Time 24,000 hr

(2,856MHz, 4.1ms, 10pps, as of October, 2006)

Mod. No Tube Type Tube Serial No. Magnet Serial No. Heater Time (hr) Problems Failed Date M02 E3712 PLS001 PLS001 18,833 Magnet coil short, Kly. Arc(13kV) 1995-08-12 M06 E3712 51005PLS 51005PLS 26,772

• Kly. Arc, Mag. Noise, bucking

1997-02-25 M08 E3712 65008PLS 65008PLS 27,290 Heater internal short 1997-03-28 M12 E3712 93015PLS 93013PLS 28,463 Input cavity damage 2001-12-26 M09 E3712 41009PLS 41009PLS 68,300 Arcing, Capacitor divider damage 2003-03-07 M01 SLAC5045 511A SM11A 72,123 life time of heater finished 2003-05-21 MK07 E3712 65007PLS 65007PLS 71,500 life time of heater finished 2003-08-04 MK11 E3712 77006PLS 77006PLS 71,518 life time of heater finished 2003-08-20 MK10 E3712 98010PLS 98010PLS 72,158 life time of heater finished 2003-10-17 MK03 E3712 PLS002 PLS002 80,844 life time of heater finished 2004-08-03 MK04 E3712 74003PLS 74003PLS 90,180 life time of heater finished 2005-12-26 MK05 E3712 89004PLS 89004PLS 89,465 life time of heater finished 2005-12-28 MK08 E3712 82013PLS 51005PLS 62,514 Tube collector leaks cooling water 2006-02-24 MK02 E3712 21011PLS 21011PLS 78,586 life time of heater finished 2006-08-22 MK06 E3712 14012PLS 14012PLS 67,675 life time of heater finished 2006-10-27

klystron lifetime records

PLS Storage Ring

Beam Energy 2.5GeV Beam Current 200mA Lattice TBA Superperiods 12 Circumference 280 m # of bunches 300 (ooox fill) Emittance 18.9 nm-rad Tune 14.28 / 8.18 RF Frequency 500 MHz harmonic # 468 Major Components

• rf system: 75kW x 4 cavities
• Longitudinal CBI damping system
• magnet power supply (2ppm)
• orbit feedback system (2um)
• chamber-motion monitoring system
• ground-motion monitoring system

PLS RF System

RF Frequency 500.064 MHz RF Cavity Shunt Impedance 8.5 MΩ Longitudinal damping time 4.2 ms RF Cavity Quality factor 38,000 Number of Cavities 4 Total Cavity Voltage 1.6 MV Number of Klystrons 4

Longitudinal Feedback System

• Bunch-by-bunch feedback

system to suppress the longitudinal coupled bunch instability

• digital signal processing

formalism to compute correction signals for each bunch

LFB System Setup

SLAC developed and PAL, DAΦNE, ALS, BESSY-II shares the same technology

John Fox, SLAC

LFS OFF LFS ON

HOM: 758 MHz (TM011) 831 MHz (TM021)

Suppression of CBI

CBI Suppressed

Revolution harmonics

@ 2Ge V/ 300mA

Digital Corrector Power Supply

12bit Analog 16bit Analog 20 bit Analog 20bit Digital

Feedback control Analog Analog Analog

50 ppm 5 ppm

Euro-card developed by BESSY 50 kHz Feedback scheme current current Current Current + voltage 22 ea Hor. Corrector Digital

Long- term (10d)stab ility 100 ppm 100 ppm 20 ppm (+/-5ppm) Short- term stability 10 ppm 10 ppm 2 ppm

Feedback Controller In house developed In house developed DSP & FPGA developed by PSI Switching frequency 2 kHz 16 kHz 25 kHz Quantities geand Usa All dismissed 48 ea Hor. Corrector 70 ea

• Ver. Corrector

DSP-FPGA controller incl.

PWM generator

Analog- Digital- Converter

Performance of Power Supply

1 ppm step response +/- 5ppm for 14 hr @55A

SUS 304 set

H V BP M

Invar support (1 inch Dia.)

Fixed onto the girder DDT holder

Model: SOLARTRON DP5 Stroke: 5 mm, Reading accuracy: < 0.3 μm

Measurement of BPM Chamber Motion

108 DDT(Digital Displacement Transducer) were installed in the vertical direction onto the vacuum chamber as close as possible to BPM in August 2005.

5 μm 5 μm 20 μm 5 μm 5 μm 5 μm 5 μm 20 μm BPM BPM BPM BPM BPM BPM BPM BPM

Measurement of Chamber Motion

SR T UN N EL ELEVAT ION SURVEY

(Dev. fr

• m '93.06 to '06.07)
• 30
• 25
• 20
• 15
• 10
• 5

5 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Cell No.

Dev (mm) 06.07 '05.07 '04.07 '03.07 '02.08 '01.07 '00.07 '99.07 '98.07 '97.07 '96.07 '95.07

Settlement of Tunnel Floor

Hydraulic Leveling System

A ngle v ar iation along X & Y dir ection (3/1-8/31)

• 1.4E
• 05
• 1.3E
• 05
• 1.2E
• 05
• 1.1E
• 05
• 1.0E
• 05
• 9.0E
• 06
• 8.0E
• 06
• 7.0E
• 06
• 6.0E
• 06
• 5.0E
• 06
• 4.0E
• 06
• 3.0E
• 06
• 2.0E
• 06

3월 1일 3월 6일 3월 11일 3월 17일 3월 22일 3월 27일 4월 2일 4월 7일 4월 13일 4월 18일 4월 24일 4월 29일 5월 4일 5월 10일 5월 15일 5월 21일 5월 26일 6월 2일 6월 7일 6월 13일 6월 19일 6월 24일 6월 30일 7월 5일 7월 11일 7월 17일 7월 22일 7월 28일 8월 2일 8월 8일 8월 13일 8월 18일 8월 23일 8월 29일

T ime (Date) Angle Dev (dY/dZ, dX/dZ)

angle-Y angle-X

Tidal effect

Linear tiling movement along y direction Little tilting movement of x-direction from winter to summer

Beam Diagnostic System

• Beam Position Monitors

– 112 units (108 in arc + 4 ID BPM) – Bergoz electronics – 1 um resolution – 483 MHz TE mode excitation is solved by (1110) filling

• pattern. (375MHz BPM)
• Photon BPM

– 7 working units at beamline front-ends

• Digital BPM

– Turn by turn measurement – High resolution (0.5 um), High band width – 1 unit with EPICS IOC

• 9 BPMs & 6 Correctors /sector
• 108 BPMs and 70 correctors in each plane
• BPM electronics: Bergoz MUX BPM
• Insertion Devices (7)

– Undulator: U7, EPU6, U6/U10, In-Vacuum Revolver (min. gap: 5 mm) – Multipole Wiggler: HFMX, HFMS

P 1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C1 P 9 P 8 P 7 P 6 P 5 P 4 P 3 P 2

ID

• SOFB uses
• 2 correctors (C1, C2) / sector -> 22 correctors in each plane
• 6 BPMs / sector
• Beam current dependence table for BPM electronics
• chamber motion compensation

20 bit resolution PS : 0.004 μrad/ 1 bit

One sector

Correctors and BPMs (Orbit Feedback)

Orbit data for one day

RMS- y RMS- x ID gap

• SOFB speed: 5 sec
• Feed-forward

correction for ID is used (speed: 0.2 sec).

ID Feedforward correction

w/ Feedforward w/o Feedforward

vertical horizontal

Statistics

• 26 beamlines in service
• 1 BL in commissioning
• 4 BLs in construction
• 7 insertion devices
• >2000 users / year
• >700 experiments / year

Sciences

• x-ray diffraction
• imaging: microscopy
• lithography
• spectroscopy
• spectromicroscopy
• magnetic spectroscopy
• Nanoscopy

Beamline Status

Spectral Brilliance

2.5 GeV, 200 mA, 1% coupling

10 10

7

10

9

10

11

10

13

10

15

10

17

10

19

Average Spectral Brilliance [photons/sec. mm

2 mrad 2 0.1% BW]

10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

Photon Energy (eV)

Characteristic X-rays produced by X-ray Generator White Light produced by X-ray Generator Solar Radiation

Multipole Wiggler

Synchrotron Radiations produced by Pohang Light Source

Bending Magnet

EPU6

5th 3rd 1st

U10 U7

3rd 1st 5th

PLS Beamline Status

7 IDs installed in the ring. In-vacuum Undulator Out-vacuum Undulator Out-vacuum Wiggler

MPW14

6A : IVUN (MX) 7A : IVUN (Imaging) 9A : IVUN (SWAXS) 10A : WG (HFMS)

U6/U10

IDs in PLS

Beamline Experimental Hall

• X-ray Diffraction
• Imaging: Microscopy
• Lithography
• Spectroscopy
• Spectromicroscopy
• Magnetic Spectroscopy
• Nanoscopy
• …………

Two proudly cited works at PLS are …

Sciences

Viagra

PDE5

Nature (2003.9.4)

Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules

Left-handed meets right-handed DNA Left-handed meets right-handed DNA

Nature (2005)

Ongoing projects

• 3.7GeV XFEL (in design work)
• Gun Test Facility
• 40MeV FIR source (in construction)
• 200MeV FEL test facility (in design)

PAL XFEL Project

Storage Ring Linac

XFEL XFEL fs-FIR fs-FIR New Linac 1.2 GeV New Linac 1.2 GeV

PAL XFEL Project

• Energy: 1.2 – 3.7 GeV

WFEL: 2 ~ 5 nm XFEL: 0.3 nm (0.1 nm at 3rd harmonic)

• Budget: ~ 100 M$ total

2005: 0.4 M$ 2006: 0.4 M$ 2007: 1.0 M$ No official approval from Government yet

• Need for science with fs x-ray pulse laser
• PAL has 2.5GeV LINAC as PLS injector
• XFEL machine is a good test facility for ILC
• Project period: 2005 – 2010 (delayed)
• Budget: 100 M$

XFEL Parameters

Parameters Value Unit Electron energy 3.7 GeV Peak current 3 kA Normalized slice emittance 1 mm mrad RMS slice energy spread 0.01 % Full bunch length 80 (1 sigma ~110fs) mm Undulator period 1.5 cm Undulator gap 4 mm Undulator parameter, K 1.49 Full undulator length 80 - 100 m Radiation wavelength 0.3 (0.1nm 3rd har.) nm FEL parameter, ρ 5.7 x 10-4 Peak brightness 5 x 1031 Peak power 1 GW 1D gain length 1.2 m Saturation length 60 m

Design Issues

Accelerator

• Low-emittance (< 1 μmrad)
• High-peak-current(3.4 kA)
• Stability:

energy, rf amplitude & phase

• Bunch compression: CSR
• Emittance preservation
• Upgrade of 2.5GeV LINAC

Undulator

• Segment separations
• Narrow gap: wakefield
• Strong focusing
• Beam-based alignment
• Spontaneous radiation
• Beam loss safety
• In-Vacuum Undulator

Layout of PAL XFEL

E-gun Accelerating Column Bending Magnet Bunch Compressor Undulator Beam Dump Diagnostics Klystron

30m 10m 50m 100m Scale

FEL

To 2.5 GeV Storage Ring

Undulator X1 Injector K2 BC2 BC1 K12 X2 X9

X – Linac (extending)

E0=1.5 GeV εnx/ εny = 1.4/0.89 um rad σδ=0.35%

K – Linac (existing)

E0=2.2 GeV εnx/ εny = 1.43/0.89 um rad σδ=0.025%

XFEL

λx = 0.3 nm E0 = 3.7 GeV λU = 1.5 cm g = 4 mm β = 10 m

X1 X2 X3 49.0 MV/m 180° 0.6 m X3X BC1 BC2 15.0 MV/m

• 27.2°

15.2 MV/m

• 57.0°

RF-GUN X4 X5

432 MeV 633 MeV

458 MeV

σδ ~ 1.76 % R56 = 40.8 mm θ = 3.55° σz : 875 168 μm εnx= 1.0 μm, εny= 0.95 μm σδ ~ 1.45 % R56 = 5.9 mm θ = 1.76° σz : 101 25 μm εnx= 1. 6 μm, εny= 0.95 μm

K2 19.0 MV/m

• 20°

E = 1.2 GeV (168 m) K1 1 X8 X9 18.0 MV/m

• 20°

X6 X7 K12 εn= 0.96 μm, Q = 1 nC σz = 875 μm (2.9 ps), Dx = 0.4 mm, Dy = 0.6 mm E = 135 MeV 3 FODO Cells (12-m length) 3 FODO Cells (6.8-m length)

Undulator, 70 m (RW wakefield)

Dog-leg w/ energy filter R56 = 0.133 mm T566 = 6.3 mm

Δσδ = +0.0013% (added) dN/N = 1 % E = 3.7 GeV (336 m) σδ ~ 0.032 % (1.2 MeV) σx = 111 µm, σy = 87 µm

Design of PAL XFEL

Gamma 7254.0 DELGAM 2.0 Period 15 mm Gap 4 mm Current 3.0 kA Emittance 1.0 um

0.3 nm @ 3.7 GeV FEL lasing from Genesis

GTS Summary

• Construction started in December, 2004. (BNL gun-IV)
• First beam was achieved on November 1, 2005.
• Best beam achieved as of October, 2006:
• Energy 3.7 MeV (Goal 5MeV)
• Initial phase = 30o
• Q = 350 pC (I nC)
• Laser pulse length = 5 ps (FWHM)
• Peak current = 70 A
• Beam size at 1.46 m from cathode = 500 mm rms
• Laser spot diameter at the cathode = 3 mm (hard edge)
• Normalized rms emittance ~ 1.5 mm mrad (1 mm mrad)

PC RF Gun Solen

• id ICT

Spectr

• mete

r Emittan ce Meter Slit Chamb er Screen Chamber

Experimental Setup for GTS

• S. J. Park

smartguy@postech.ac.kr Emittance Scan Unit

• Beam energy ~ 2 MeV
• Initial phase = 30o
• Charge = 320 pC
• Laser Spot Diameter (hard edge) = 3 mm, obliquely incident
• Laser Pulse Length (FWHM) = 6 ps
• Normalized rms emittance ~ 4 mm mrad

Beam Images on Phosphor Screen

Emittance vs. Gun Energy

Emittance Evolution (2MeV)

fs FIR Linac Layout

OTR FIR Undulator Radiation Beam Energy : 60 MeV

Beam Charge : 0.1 – 0.5 nC Beam Emittance: < 5 mm-mrad Beam Pulse Repetition rate: 30 Hz max. Bunch Length Before chicane: 0.15 - 2 ps After chicane: 20 - 200 fs

Beam Charge

Bunch Length after RF-gun Bunch Length after Chicane 2

0.2 nC 0.3 ps 1 – 2 ps

< 50 fs

0.5 nC < 150 fs hskang@postech.ac.kr

Cavity BPM for XFEL/ ILC

• 2 prototypes made by PAL, tested at KEK
• Best resolution < 100nm
• 11 CBPMs fabricated and tuned by PAL

and shipped to KEK by March 2006

• 28 units by March 2007

Cavity BPM under test at KEK

• x-y isolation < -45dB
• sensitivity ~ 1mV/ μ

μm m /nC

• beam position resolution < 100 nm

Thank you for Attention

Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and Technology