PLASTIC(WASTE(MANAGEMENT( FROM(LAND2BASED(SOURCES( IN(VIET(NAM: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PLASTIC(WASTE(MANAGEMENT( FROM(LAND2BASED(SOURCES( IN(VIET(NAM: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

1.General information about Viet Nam

Natural geography conditions:

• Coastal line about 3,200 km;
• 2,360 rivers (the length is over 10 km);
• 114 river mouths;
• 13 river basins;

High pressure to the environment:

• Urbanization speed average: 1%-

1,02%/year

• Crowded population: about 94 million;

(increasing speed average 1 million/year)

• Rapid industrial development.

2.#Main sources of plastic waste from land- based sources

! The plastic consumption increases quickly in Viet

Nam from 3.8 kg in 1990 to 43 kg per capita in 2017.

! Plastic waste occupies 8-12% of total domestic solid

waste (about 23 million tons/year – average 667g capita/day); estimating amount

• f

plastic waste generated from 1.8 to 2.8 million tons/ year;

! Microplastic from wastewater and urban run off. ! Plastic waste is generated from facilities and

manufacturers: almost collected and recycled.

The$potential$generation$of$plastic$waste

! Plastic(industry(has(a(

high(growth(rate(of(166 18%(/(year.

! 75680%(of(raw(material(

for(plastic(industry( from(import(area( including(a(increasing( number(of(the(plastic( waste.

The$import$of$plastic$waste$for$domestic$production$is$ increasing$quickly Source:$thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2016 2017 6(months(of(2018

Thousand(tons

Legal&documents&concerning

! Law on Environmental Protection in 2014 ! Law on Environmental Protection Tax in 2010 ! Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP of the Government on management of waste and discarded

materials

! Decree No. 19/2015 / ND-CP of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of

articles of the Law on Environmental Protection

! Circular No. 36/2015/ TT-BTNMT of the Minister of MONRE on the management of

hazardous waste

! Decision No. 16/2015/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister and Circular No. 34/2017/ TT-BTNMT

• n recall and treatment of discarded products.

! Decree No. 67/2011/ND-CP of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation of a

number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection Tax.

! Circular No. 07/2012 / TT-BTNMT of the Minister of MONRE providing the criterion of,

• rder of, procedures for recognition of environmentally friendly-plastic bags;

! Decree No. 155/2016 / ND-CP of the Government on providing for penalties for

administrative violations against regulations on environmental protection.

! Criminal Law and Civil Law including punishment for environmental violation ! National environmental standards and technical standards related to solid wastes and

wastewater.

3.#Main#Challenges#in#plastic#waste#management

! Haven’t(had(any(comprehensive(survey(of(plastic(waste(

from(land(based(sources(and(its(impacts(to(the(marine( environment;

! Ineffective(implementation(of(legal(documents(and(

policies(in(plastic(waste(management;

! Low(awareness(of(individuals(and(organizations(in(

plastic(waste(and(its(impacts;

! Insufficient(regulation(in(plastic(waste(management.

Ineffective)implementation)of))collection) and)treatment)of)domestic)solid)waste)

The average collection rate

• f domestic solid waste

includes:

! 85% in urban areas; ! 60% in the suburban areas; ! 54% in#rural areas and ! 10%#in remote areas,# ! The rest of domestic solid

waste is disposed in the environment.

Plastic#waste#at#Ly#Son#Island

Source:(Ministry(of(Construction

3 7 6 10 5 6 5 11 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 0*+*(10) 10*+*(20) 20*+*(30) 30*+*(40) 40*+*(50) 50*+*(60) 60*+*(70) 70*+*(80) 80*+*(90) 90*+*(100) Số*lượng*Tỉnh/thành*phố (%) Số Tỉnh/thành*phố*=*61 61 55 66 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tỉnh/Thành/phố/trực/thuộc/trung/ương (%)

The(average(of(domestic(solid(waste(collected(is(from(55%(to( 65%((approximately 0.6/million//to/1.3/million/tons/of/plastic/ waste/year/is/not/collected9mismanaged)

Limited'treatment'of'domestic'solid'wastes

! Many%landfill sites,%especially%landfill(sites%in%rural%areas,%are%open%areas,% therefore%floods%are%easily%washed%away%to%water%sources,%rivers%and%the% sea.

source:(http://baothuathienhue.vn

Waste(beside(the(Nhue river. Source:(http://hanoimoi.com.vn

Limitation(in(recycling(

• f(plastic(waste

! Almost recycling of

plastic waste is collected informally by unofficials

! Craft Villages recycle almost

plastic waste, however these Villages are limited in management: only 1748/5096 craft villages (34%) meeting the legal criteria.

Limitation(in(wastewater(treatment

• Just 10-11% of wastewater from urban areas treated

(40/787 urban areas);

• Most of 5096 trade/craft villages without wastewater

treatment systems;

• Just%60%%of%wastewater%%treated%from%industrial%zones%

treated;%10.5%%of%industrial%clusters%having%wastewater% treatment%facilities;%

• Wastewater%from%rural%areas%is%directly%discharged%

into%the%environment. ! Haven’t(surveyed(the(level(of(microplastic(in( wastewater.

Limited'management'of'single/use'plastic'bags

! Single use plastic bags

hardly decomposed are so popular in a large number of traditional markets.

! They are free for customers;

• ne customer use about 5-10

bags for one marketing time

! Reasons:

! The low$environmental tax

• n plastic bags (30,000(

50,000VND/kg = 1.3 - 1.7 USD/kg).

! Lacking$of$tax$management$

! plastic bag’s price is so

cheap: 1.7 USD for 1kg/160-470 bags (=$tax).

! Sources:$Statistic$of$General$Statistics$Office$of$Vietnam$in$2017

Traditional$markets

Market$level$1$(provicial$scale) Market$level$2$(district$scale) Market$level$3$(commune$scale) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Traditional$Markets Supermarket Trade$center

Chart$Title

Lack%of%regulations%concerning

! Plastic(waste(is(not(

regulated(as(one(kind(of( wastes,(which(have(to( recall(and(treat(after( using;

! No(detail(regulation(to(

deal(with(plastic(waste(in( the(environment.

Low$level$of$awareness$of$using$plastic$bag

! Threw&plastic&waste&

directly&to&the& environment&as&their& habit;

! Feel&free&to&use&single&use&

plastic&bags;

! No&body&is&punished&

while&these&violations&are& regulated&in&Law&on& administrative&violations.

Citizens&in&Ly&Son&island&carelessly& disposed&waste&into&the&sea Sources:&infonet.vn

The$impact$of$plastic$waste$to$the$ marine$environment

! Haven’t(had(any(research(

to(evaluate(the( comprehensive(impact(of( plastic(waste(to(social7 economic(and(marine( environment.

! Marine(plastic(waste(is(

popular:(50%(debris(and( 50%(fish(for(each(fishing( in(the(coastal(area;

Marine(debris(in(Binh Thuan Beach Source:(VTV

SOLUTIONS

Actions(of(Viet(Nam

! At#the#high#level:#in#October#

2018,#the Central#Committee#of# the#Communist#Party#of# Vietnam#promulgated# Resolution#No.#36FNQ/TW#on# the#Strategy#for#Sustainable# Development#of#Vietnam's# Maritime#Economy#to#2030# with#a#vision#to#2045.

! One#of#its#targets#is#to#manage&

effectively&marine&debris,& especially&ocean&plastic& waste.

Commitments)of)the)Vietnamese) Government)in)2018)at)international)forums) to)fight)against)ocean)plastic)waste.

Actions(at(the(central(Government

! The P.M approved the Decision no 622/QD-

TTg on May 2017 promulgating the National Action Plan to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: one of its targets is to detail the Goal 14 of Agenda 2030.

! The Prime Minister approved the Decision no

491/QĐ-TTg dated on 07/5/2018 to modify the National Strategy on the integrated solid waste management to 2025, a vision to 2050, its targets:

!

2025: 100% environmentally-friendly plastic bags used in trade centers and supermarkets;

!

80% of the domestic solid waste in rural area and 90% in urban area will be collected, stored, transported and treated.

!

100% landfill sites are managed based on the environmental standards.

! The Directive of the P.M no 27 dated in

September 2018 is to limit the import of plastic waste as material input.

! October(2018:(MONRE(launched(a(

movement(to(fight(against(the(plastic(wastes( at(whole(country(with(the(participation(of( various(representatives.

Next%actions

! National(Assembly:

! Reforming(the(Law(on(Environmental(Tax(with(the(higher(tax(

for(nylon(bags(in(2019;

! Planning(to(reform(the(Law(on(Environmental(Protection(to(

detail(regulations(to(control(plastic(waste(in(2019E2020.

! The(Government:

! Implement effectively the collection and treatment of domestic

solid waste and wastewater and encourage the private sector joining this work.

! Encourage(the(companies(to(produce(plastic(bags(being(

friendly(with(the(environment(and(recycling(plastic(products;

! Promote(the(development(of(science(and(technology(to(take(

precaution,(prevent,(control(and(treat(the(plastic(waste

! Enhance(awareness(of(people(about(the(impact(of(plastic(

waste(to(their(health(and(the(marine(environment.

! Mobilize(the(participation(of(social(union(such(as(the(Youth(

Union(and(Women(Union.

Next%actions

! Developing*the$

National$Action$Plan$ to*summit*the*Prime* Minister*for*approval*in* 2019*against*the*plastic* waste*at*sea.*

! In*progress*of*

establishment*of*the* Centre*on*Regional* Research*on*Marine* Plastic*Waste.

Regional)and)international) cooperation

! Viet%Nam%should%actively%cooperate%among%countries%

surrounding%the%South%China%Sea%to%survey%and%treat% the%plastic%waste%and%micro9plastic.

! Regional%and%international%organizations%should%

support%Viet%Nam%and%regional%countries%in%the%SCS%in% technology%and%science%to%deal%with%this%issue.

Conclusion:* Viet%Nam%in%the%progress%of%its%effort%to%fight%against%the% marine%plastic%waste.% The%protection%of%the%marine%environment%for%free%ocean% from%plastic%waste%should%be%aware%at%all%levels%and% stakeholders

Ha#Long#Bay,#Viet#Nam