Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 16, 2023 331 likes •1.73k views

Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa YAPC::NA 2010 Tatsuhiko Miyagawa Lives in San Francisco Software Engineer @ Six Apart http://search.cpan.org/~miyagawa/ @miyagawa http://bulknews.typepad.com/ Web

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Plack

Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks

Tatsuhiko Miyagawa YAPC::NA 2010

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Tatsuhiko Miyagawa

  • Lives in San Francisco
  • Software Engineer @ Six Apart
  • http://search.cpan.org/~miyagawa/
  • @miyagawa
  • http://bulknews.typepad.com/
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Web Applications

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Hello World

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#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; print “Content‐Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n”; print “Hello World”;

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use FCGI; my $req = FCGI::Request(); while ($req‐>Accept >= 0) { print “Content‐Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n”; print “Hello World”; }

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package HelloWorld; use strict; use Apache::RequestRec; use Apache::RequestIO; use Apache::Const ‐compile => qw(OK); sub handler { my $r = shift; $r‐>content_type(‘text/plain’); $r‐>print(“Hello World”); return Apache::Const::OK; } 1;

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package HelloWorld; use base qw(HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI); sub handle_request { my($self, $cgi) = @_; print “HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n”; print “Content‐Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n”; print “Hello World”; } 1;

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All similar but slightly different

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Painful to support all of them :(

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There is (was)

  • ne common way

to do all of this.

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#!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $q = CGI‐>new; print $q‐>header(‘text/plain’); print “Hello World”;

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Happens to work on:

CGI, FastCGI, mod_perl (HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI)

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Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

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CGI.pm?

meh

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Frameworks to the rescue!

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Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium

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MANY web frameworks

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Let’s look how they handle web servers.

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Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Catalyst

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Catalyst Catalyst::Engine

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Catalyst Catalyst::Engine nginx

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Catalyst Catalyst::Engine nginx

HTTP::Server ::Simple

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Mason Catalyst Catalyst::Engine nginx

HTTP::Server ::Simple

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Mason Catalyst

Mason::CGIHandler

Catalyst::Engine nginx

HTTP::Server ::Simple

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Gross.

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CGI.pm

Jifty, CGI::Application, Spoon

mod_perl centric

Mason, Sledge, PageKit, WebGUI

Adapters

Catalyst, Maypole, Squatting

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That was 2008.

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Steal great idea from Python/Ruby

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WSGI (Python) Rack (Ruby)

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WSGI (PEP-333)

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# WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content‐Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]

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WSGI

  • Django
  • Bottle
  • CherryPy
  • Tornado
  • Pylons
  • Flask
  • mod_wsgi
  • Paste
  • gunicorn
  • uWSGI
  • wsgiref
  • Google AppEngine
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WSGI

WSGI middleware Django Bottle Flask Tornado Apache lighttpd nginx mod_wsgi

wsgi handlers

GAE

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Rack

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# Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content‐Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end

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Rack

  • Rails
  • Merb
  • Sinatra
  • Camping
  • Ramaze
  • etc.
  • Unicorn
  • Thin
  • Mongrel
  • Rainbows!
  • Phusion Passenger
  • Heroku
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Rack

Rack middleware Rails Merb Sinatra Ramaze Apache lighttpd Thin Unicorn

Rack handlers

Mongrel

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PSGI

Perl Web Server Gateway Interface

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Interface

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# WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content‐Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]

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# Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content‐Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end

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# PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content‐Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };

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PSGI application

code reference $app = sub {...};

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my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };

CGI-like environment variables + psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.

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my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };

Status code (int.): 200, 404 etc.

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my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };

Array reference of header pairs: [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/html’, ... ]

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my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };

Array reference of content chunks Filehandle or IO::Handle-ish obejct

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That’s it.

(There’s a callback based streaming interface as well)

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# PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content‐Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };

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Now you’ve got a PSGI application.

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PSGI makes it so simple to:

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Write a new Perl web app & framework

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Write a new Perl web server

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CGI::Application

Apache IIS lighttpd

CGI.pm

CGI fastcgi mod_perl

Jifty Mason Catalyst

Mason::CGIHandler

Catalyst::Engine nginx

HTTP::Server ::Simple

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PSGI

Plack::Middleware Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Apache lighttpd

HTTP::Server::PSGI

Perlbal mod_psgi

Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache)

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PSGI adaptation

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Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium

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Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium

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Applications

Movable Type 6, WebGUI 8

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# Catalyst use MyApp; MyApp‐>setup_engine(‘PSGI’); my $app = sub { MyApp‐>run(@_) }; # $app is a PSGI app!

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# Jifty use MyPonyApp; my $app = MyPonyApp‐>psgi_app; # $app is a PSGI app!

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# Dancer use Dancer; get ‘/’ => sub { “Hello World”; }; dance; # returns a PSGI app!

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# Mojolicious::Lite use Mojolicious::Lite; get ‘/:name’ => sub { my $self = shift; $self‐>render_text(‘Hello!’); }; app‐>start; # returns PSGI app

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# Web::Simple use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’; package MyApp; dispatch { sub(GET) { [ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ]; } }; my $app = MyApp‐>as_psgi; # $app is a PSGI app!

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perldoc PSGI

If you want to adapt your framework to PSGI.

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Plack

“PSGI toolkit”

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HTTP::Server::PSGI

Reference PSGI web server bundled in Plack

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Plackup

Runs PSGI app instantly from CLI (inspired by rackup)

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> plackup app.psgi

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Plack::Handler

Connects PSGI apps to Web servers CGI, FastCGI, Apache, SCGI

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PSGI Web Servers

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Starman

UNIX Preforking HTTP servers (like Unicorn.rb) HTTP/1.1 chunk + keep-alives / Very Fast

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Starlet

Simpler UNIX HTTP/1.0 Server Best used with Server::Starter and nginx/lighttpd

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Twiggy

Non-blocking web server (like Thin.rb) based on AnyEvent framework

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Corona

Coroutine for each connection based on Coro.pm

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HTTP::Server::Simple::PSGI

Zero-deps other than HTTP::Server::Simple Best for embedding PSGI applications

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uWSGI

http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/

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Perlbal plugin

http://github.com/miyagawa/Perlbal-Plugin-PSGI

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nginx embedded perl

http://github.com/yappo/nginx-psgi-patchs

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mod_psgi

http://github.com/spiritloose/mod_psgi

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evpsgi

http://github.com/sekimura/evpsgi

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Feersum

http://github.com/stash/Feersum

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PSGI

Plack::Middleware Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Apache lighttpd

HTTP::Server::PSGI

Perlbal mod_psgi

Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache)

Starman Twiggy uWSGI Corona evpsgi

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Middleware

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PSGI Middleware

Wraps a PSGI application to add pre/post processing

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my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; my $mw = sub { my $env = shift; # do something with $env my $res = $app‐>($env); # do something with $res; return $res; };

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PSGI Middleware

coderef -> coderef Higher-order functions

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Middleware

Debug, Session, Logger, Runtime, Static, Lint, AccessLog, ConditionalGET, ErrorDocument, StackTrace, Auth::Basic, Auth::Digest, ReverseProxy, Refresh, Auth::OAuth, Hippie, Throttle

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Plack::Middleware

reusable and extensible Middleware framework Plack::Builder DSL in .psgi

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my $app = sub { return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; use Plack::Builder; builder { enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”, path => qr!^/static/!; enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate $app; }

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plackup compatible

plackup -e ‘enable “Foo”;’ app.psgi

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Middleware

Write once, run in every framework

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DEMO

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Plack::App::URLMap

Multiplex multiple apps Integrated with Builder DSL

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use CatApp; use CGIApp; my $c1 = sub { CatApp‐>run }; my $c2 = sub { CGIApp‐>run_psgi }; use Plack::Builder; builder { mount “/cat” => $c1; mount “/cgi‐app” => builder { enable “StackTrace”; $c2; }; }

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CGI::PSGI

Easy migration from CGI.pm

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CGI::Emulate::PSGI CGI::Compile

Easiest migration from CGI scripts (like Registry)

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Plack::Request

like libapreq (Apache::Request) wrapper APIs for middleware developers

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Plack::Test

Unified interface to write tests with Mock HTTP and Live HTTP

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use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb‐>($req); # test $res; };

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use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; $Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb‐>($req); # test $res; };

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Plack::App::*

ready-to-use applications

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Plack::App::Directory

Static content file server

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Plack::App::Proxy

(non-blocking) proxy server Can be used as reverse proxy as well

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Plack::App::CGIBin

mount /cgi-bin as PSGI applications

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Plack::App::FCGIDispatcher

Connect to FCGI daemon (even in Ruby, Python, C)

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Plack::App::JSP

Runs JavaScript PSGI apps :)

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Testimonials

a.k.a. self-promotion

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“I love this! It’s exactly the right answer to what i was looking for.” - Benjamin Trott

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“Wow, this is nothing short of awesome.”

  • Stevan Little
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“Plack is so simple, easy and powerful.”

  • Jesse Vincent
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“Plack rocks. Miyagawa rocks.”

  • Piers Cawley
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“Is he on too many drugs or too few? Either way let’s make sure that never changes.”

  • Matt S. Trout
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Real World Plack/PSGI

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You should join!

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> cpanm Plack > cpanm Task::Plack

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Cloud?

(Heroku, GAE)

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Sunaba

http://sunaba.plackperl.org/

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Runs on dankogai’s Sandbox

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You can even try:

system(“rm ‐fr /”); while (1) { }

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Summary

  • PSGI is an interface, Plack is the code.
  • We have many (pretty fast) PSGI servers.
  • We have adapters and tools for most web

frameworks.

  • Use it!
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Remember: Plack is < 1y old

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Lots of (exciting) things going on.

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http://blog.plackperl.org/

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http://github.com/miyagawa/Plack http://plackperl.org/ irc://irc.perl.org/#plack

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Questions?

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Thank you!

Slides: http://slideshare.net/miyagawa