Physiological mechanisms linking climate to ecosystem change, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Physiological mechanisms linking climate to ecosystem change, investigated in populations of the lugworm Arenicola marina

Mareike Schröer H.-U. Steeger, C. Bock, R. Paul, H.-O. Pörtner

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Model organism

Longitudinal section of the burrow

after F. Krüger 1971

The lugworm Arenicola marina beside it‘s burrow

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Latitudinal Seasonal adaptation acclimatization

• How does it work?
• Is adaptation to climate change possible?

and

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Populations

White Sea: Kartesh North Sea: Dorum-Neufeld Atlantic: La Hume

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Latitudinal Seasonal adaptation acclimatisation

• How does it work?
• Is adaptation to climate change possible?

and

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Seasonal comparisons in the same population

Winter Summer North Sea

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Mismatch of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

temperature

solution 1 solution 2

demand supply

temperature increase

demand supply

temperature decrease

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Temperature thresholds and performance

• Tp: pejus temperatures
• xygen supply limit

decreasing blood oxygenation

• Tc: critical temperatures

metabolism turns anaerobic survival time limited unless acclimatization occurs As seen in fishes (Pörtner and Knust,

SCIENCE, in press), long-term warming

beyond pejus temperatures => reduced performance (growth, reproduction, muscle exercise,...) => ecological consequences:

• decreased abundance
• local extinction
• shift in distribution

After: Pörtner et al. 2004

Performance curve: oxygen supply budget above basic metabolism

Temperature Rate of aerobic perfor- mance

• ptimum

Oxygen limited aerobic scope (steady state)

Tc Tp Tp: loss of performance

anaerobic metabolism blood

• xygenation

Tc: anaerobiosis

Temperature

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Oxygen consumption

Tc Tp Tp Tc

Temperature

• ptimum

North Sea

Thermal tolerance window: temperature range with exponential rise in oxygen consumption according to Q10 relationship Winter: 2-8°C Spring: 2-17°C Summer: 5-24°C widening widening and shift

?

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Ventilation

Tc Tp Tp Tc

Temperature

• ptimum

North Sea

temperature (°C)

• 5

5 10 15 20 25 if O 2 consumption ( 2 ) 2 4 6 8 10 winter spring temperature (°C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 if O 2 consumption ( 2 ) 5 10 15 20 25 summer

• Oxygen extraction efficiency: pumped water

volume for provision of 1 mol O2

• minimum of this curve: minimal costs and
• ptimal efficiency => performance optimum?
• Spring: 8°C

shift and widening

• Summer: 9-15°C

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Haemoglobin properties

Seasonal changes of P50 (oxygen partial pressure when haemoglobin is half saturated)

• increased p50 in summer
• facilitated oxygen release to tissues

during reproductive phase (June- September)

• effects on performance?

North Sea

Temperature in 20 cm depth

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Tissue oxygenation

Tc Tp Tp Tc

Temperature

• ptimum

North Sea Summer: 5-25°C, optimum at 15°C

corresponds well to oxygen consumption and ventilation data

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Digging activity

Tc Tp Tp Tc

Temperature

• ptimum

Summer

White Sea: T=16°C, optimum at 11°C North Sea: same width, optimum at 15°C, lower performance curve Atlantic: optimum at 23°C, performance curve lower, but wider window

Digging activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 7 11 15 19 23 27

Tem perature ( °C) Num ber of digging cycles with average < 10 m in

Atlantic North Sea White Sea

North Sea data correspond well to

• xygen consumption,

ventilation and tissue

• xygenation data.

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply

demand supply

ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Protein biosynthesis (= growth?)

Tc Tp Tp Tc

Temperature

• ptimum

Tem perature dep endent protein biosynthesis

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

• 5

5 10 15 20 25 Tem perat ure ( ° C) I ncorporated 1 3C- phe ( nm ol / m g protein)

Sum m er : after 4 h Spring : after 4 h Winter : after 4 h

Atlantic: Protein synthesis detectable in spring highest synthesis performance in summer shift

Atlantic

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Summary

W hite Sea

5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C)

Atlantic

5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C)

North Sea

5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C)

Thermal tolerance windows:

• seasonal shifts and changing width
• latitudinal specialization

winter spring summer arrows = optima summer summer spring

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Conclusions

demand supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration

Temperature Rate of aerobic perfor- mance

• ptimum

The investigated processes show capacities

for seasonal acclimatization to regain balance in

• xygen demand and supply.

Climate change: application of the same

mechanisms!

Southernmost populations: Have they

reached their adaptation limits?

Atlantic

5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C)

3rd AQUASHIFT workshop - November 14-16, 2006, Kiel

WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER

Thank you for your attention! Questions? Comments?

Acknowledgements: Biological Stations

• Kartesh (Russia)
• Arcachon (France)

Diploma students

• A. Wittmann
• V. Nießing
• E. Laturnus
• N. Grüner

Technicians

• R. Wittig
• T. Hirse
• B. Klein

Student apprentice

• J. Saphörster