Syntax 3 Predicates Predicates and Linking Verbs Linking Verbs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Syntax 3

• Predicates

Predicates and Linking Verbs Linking Verbs

• Linking Verbs

Linking Verbs vs. Passive Verbs Passive Verbs

• Appositives

Appositives

Syntax 3 Predicates

• Linking Verbs (e.g. be, become,

etc.) equate the subject with a predicate predicate

– The mother of Hippolytus was an Amazon Amazon – Theseus was born the son son of Poseidon – Hippolytus’ horses went crazy crazy when they saw a bull coming out of the sea

linking verb: subject = predicate predicate

Syntax 3 Predicates

• Predicates

Predicates can be:

–nouns

• Phaedra became Theseus’ second wife

wife

–or adjectives

• Hippolytus grew angry

angry at Phaedra

–or even prepositional phrases

• At that time Theseus was not in Crete

in Crete

Syntax 3

• Linking Verbs

Linking Verbs vs. Passive Verbs Passive Verbs: both types of verb use “to be”

– – Linking Verbs Linking Verbs carry no sense of action/motion; instead equate things – – Passive Verbs Passive Verbs convey a sense of action/motion from a passive agent backwards to the subject linking verb linking verb: subject = = predicate subject ← passive verb passive verb ← passive agent

Syntax 3

linking verb linking verb: subject = = predicate subject ← passive verb passive verb ← passive agent

I I am called am called by men men the Goddess Cypris, I I am am mighty mighty among men . . . Renowned Renowned shall shall Phaedra Phaedra be be in her death, . . . A weary thing thing is is sickness sickness and its pains pains! . . . when your joy joy is is upon you upon you, suddenly you you’re foiled re foiled and cheated cheated.

Syntax 3

• Appositives

Appositives: when two nouns nouns are equated with each other (without a linking verb!), the second is called an appositive appositive (“placed next to”)

I called on Artemis Artemis, the Queen Queen of the bow!

Euripides, Hippolytus 166

Syntax 3

• Appositives

Appositives: when two nouns nouns are equated with each other (without a linking verb!), the second is called an appositive appositive (“placed next to”)

On a dappled throne, deathless goddess goddess, Aphrodite Aphrodite, Zeus’ child child, charmer charmer, I beg ...…

Sappho, Ode to Aphrodite

Syntax 3

• Appositives

Appositives

I hail this man, the watchdog watchdog of the fold and hall; the stay stay that keeps the ship alive; the post post to grip groundward the towering roof; a father’s single child child; land land seen by sailors after all their hope is gone; splendor splendor of daybreak shining from the night of storm; the running spring spring a parched wayfarer strays upon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon 895-201

noun = noun noun