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Photometric Testing: The Value of Observations Chris Chitty - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Photometric Testing: The Value of Observations Chris Chitty Australasian Measurement Conference MSA2017 14 September 2017 Introduction LED Energy Efficient Wide range of uses Many manufacturers Quality LED vs Incandescent

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Photometric Testing: The Value of Observations Chris Chitty

Australasian Measurement Conference MSA2017 14 September 2017

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Introduction

LED

  • Energy Efficient
  • Wide range of uses
  • Many manufacturers
  • Quality
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LED vs Incandescent

Incandescent

  • 1,000 hours

LED

  • 15,000 to

25,000 hours Could residential customers become victims of an inappropriate long term lighting solution?

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LED vs Incandescent

Incandescent

  • Well-established
  • Heated wire
  • Output proportional to

power

  • Trusted

LED

  • Under development
  • Electronic componentry
  • Output depends on

electronics

  • Much to be learnt

How can superior products be identified?

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Experimental Setup

  • Six years
  • Over 200 residential lamps
  • Identify superior products by comparing their

photometric performance to quality standards By-products of photometric testing give a new understanding of LED behaviour.

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Experimental Setup

GLS R80 GU10 MR16 Incandescent LED

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Experimental Setup

  • “Warm white” (2700K-3000K)
  • Many lamp brands
  • Batches of three
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Experimental Setup

  • Lamps photometrically tested at initiation of each

project

  • Tests to follow included:

– rapid-cycle stress testing – operation in a standard downlight for 6,000 hours – long-term operation in free air for 10,000 hours

  • Lamps mounted in standard operating positions for

all long-term investigations

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Experimental Setup

Video Screen 1.5m diameter Sensing SPR-600M Integrating Sphere with SL-300 Spectroradiometer

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Experimental Setup

  • Spectral power distribution
  • Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT)
  • Duv
  • Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
  • R9
  • Luminous Efficacy
  • Power
  • Power Factor
  • Current
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Findings - Stabilisation

Incandescent

  • Short time to reach

stable output LED

  • Some products made an

excellent transition from pre-burn, but others performed poorly in this area. Will the consumer’s expectations of stable light output soon after turn-on be realised?

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Findings - Flicker

Video Screen Integrating Sphere

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Findings - Flicker

LED Type 1

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Findings - Flicker

LED Type 2

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Findings - Flicker

LED Type 3

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Findings - Flicker

LED Type 4

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Findings - Flicker

Compact Fluorescent

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Findings - Flicker

Incandescent

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E4 E5 E6

10,000HRS

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A4 B4 B6

10,000HRS

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GROUP F 400

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TREE F 400

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BUNCH F 1000

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TREE F 1000

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Findings - Flicker

Incandescent

  • Flicker precautions not

required LED

  • Potential for stroboscopic

effects More research in this area is vital.

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Findings – Heat Degradation

Incandescent

  • Known to generate

heat LED

  • Commonly touted as

being cool Product designers need to choose materials suitable for purpose.

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Findings – Heat Degradation

Crack

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Findings – Component Failure

Incandescent

  • Simple tungsten wire

produces illuminance LED

  • Can be complex in design

LEDs are only as strong as their weakest component.

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Findings – Component Failure

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Findings – Component Failure

  • Example 1: MR16 Replacement Lamps

– burning smell after 1,000 hours in downlights – similar behaviour in free air after 3,000 hours – rated for 25,000 hours – fire risk – possibility of toxic gases and fumes

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Findings – Component Failure

  • Example 2: GLS Replacement Lamps

– failure in free air after 665 hours, 1240 hours and 1335 ours – rated for 30,000 hours – driver electronics had failed – had passed ENERGY STAR until this point – photometric data used in isolation may not be a sufficient demonstration of a quality product

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Conclusions

  • Useful by-products arise from photometric

testing

  • Some issues are immediate, others become

apparent over time

  • Independent testing and observation is vital

to ensure that poor performing products are removed from circulation

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References

  • AS/NZS1680.1: Interior and workplace lighting, Part 1: General principles and recommendations, 2006.
  • Bodart M, Roisin B, D’Herdt P, Keppens A, Hanselaer P, Ryckaert W R, Arnaud D G, “Performances of

Compact Fluorescent Lamps with Integrated Ballasts and Comparison with Incandescent Lamps”, Light & Engineering, 18:2, 83-98, 2010.

  • Chen W, Ron Hui S Y, “Elimination of an Electrolytic Capacitor in AC/DC Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Driver

With High Input Power Factor and Constant Output Current”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27:3, 1598-1607, 2012.

  • DiLaura D L, “Farewell to the Incandescent Lamp: A Retrospective to Recount, Assess, and Honor a Passing

Technology”, LEUKOS, 5:3, 183-235, 2009.

  • ENERGY STAR, Energy Star program requirements for integral LED lamps,

https://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/Integral_LED_Lamps_Program_Re quirements.pdf

  • European Commission, Preliminary Opinion on Potential Risks to Human Health of Light Emitting Diodes

(LEDs), https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/scheer/docs/scheer_o_011.pdf

  • IES LM-79-08: Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting

Products, 2008.

  • IES TM-28-14: Projecting Long-Term Luminous Flux Maintenance of LED Lamps and Luminaires, 2014.
  • Jaén M, Sandoval J, Colombo E & Troscianko T, “Officer Workers Visual Performance and Temporal

Modulation of Fluorescent Lighting”, LEUKOS, 1:4, 27-46, 2005.