PGAI Symposium Mildura 11-09-2019 In Introduction Summary of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PGAI Symposium Mildura 11-09-2019 In Introduction Summary of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 28, 2024 251 likes •830 views

PGAI Symposium Mildura 11-09-2019 In Introduction Summary of last 12 months. Current research program. Update of chill accumulation by end of August 2019. Last 12 months.. Familiarised with Pistachio crop/tree. - Blank nuts

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PGAI Symposium

Mildura 11-09-2019

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In Introduction

  • Summary of last 12 months.
  • Current research program.
  • Update of chill accumulation by end of August 2019.
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Last 12 months…..

  • Familiarised with Pistachio crop/tree.
  • Blank nuts monitoring
  • Hand pollination work
  • Visited orchards
  • Continuation of tasks:
  • Benchmarking yield data.
  • Calculation of chill accumulation.
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Last 12 months…..

  • Developed trial proposals and planned to implement. Some trials are

being implemented. Discussed research program extensively in R&D committee meetings.

  • Involved with the preliminary study on Polymer. Implementing trial at

commercial level.

  • Presented research updates in PIT group meetings.
  • Participated for workshops.
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Current program

  • Polymer studies
  • Increasing Zn absorption and mobilization in pistachio trees
  • Young Kerman study
  • Pollen study
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Polymer application

  • Polymer application was common in agriculture and mainly used to

maximize land and water productivity without challenging to environment and natural resources.

  • Different polymers are available.
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Polymer application

  • Create cooler environment.
  • Buds will be cooled by evaporative cooling – Removes latent heat from

the buds.

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Polymer application – Preliminary ry study

  • Objectives:
  • To find out phytotoxicity of polymer.
  • To assess the responses of polymer on pistachio.
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Polymer application – Preliminary ry study

  • Methodology:
  • Started the trial in August, 2018/19
  • Application date – 31/08/2018
  • Treatments – 5L per 1000L water ( 5 L)

10L per 1000L water (10 L)

  • 5 replicates
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Polymer application

  • 7 years old trees.
  • Temperature was recorded from four different directions between

7.00am – 11.00am every 3 - 4 days interval from 1st week of September – 1st week of October.

  • 10 L - significantly (P < 0.001) reduced temperature by 0.9 – 1.9°C

(four directions) than control.

  • 5 L - significantly (P < 0.001) reduced temperature by 1.1°C (south and

west) than control.

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Results of f the preliminary ry study

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Blank nuts

  • Relationship of occurring blank nuts and prevailing average minimum

temperature in last few weeks of August (Zhang 2017).

7 6 5 4 3 30 25 20 1 5 1 0

Ave Min Temp between 1 2 August and 1 September % Blank nuts

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

Y = -2.41 + 4.255 X, r=0.838***

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Results of f polymer preliminary ry trial

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Polymer studies

  • Hypothesis:
  • Polymer reduces the bud temperature by evaporative cooling.
  • Objectives:
  • To find out

(1) yield increment. (2) reduces blank nuts.

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Polymer studies

  • Shoots dipping trial in the polymer solution.
  • Replication of preliminary study at commercial level (Polymer application

after winter oil).

  • Polymer application.
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Shoots Dipping in Cooling Polymer Solution

  • Objective:

To find out the best timing of application.

  • Methodology:
  • 8 treatments (based on different dates)
  • Sirora on PG1
  • 25 Shoots from 5 trees
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Shoots Dipping in Cooling Polymer Solution

Treatments Applied dates Total number of buds 1 4th July 165 2 11th July 174 3 25th July 154 4 22nd August 153 5 29th August 148 6 11th July & 22nd August 154 7 25th July & 29th August 153 8 Control 149

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Shoot dipping trial

  • Phenology will be monitored.
  • Bud burst
  • Fruit set
  • Blank nuts
  • Evaluation:

Chill accumulation will be related to the Phenology.

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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Objective:

To replicate the preliminary study (2018/19) at commercial level.

  • Methodology:
  • 5L Polymer was applied at 1500L/ha to Sirora on PG1, Block 3, CMV
  • rchard.
  • 7 days after winter oil application.
  • Polymer application - 31st of August.
  • Winter oil application - 24th of August.
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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Treatments:
  • Polymer and winter oil - 5L Polymer and 6%, 3000L/ha - winter oil treatment.
  • Only winter oil - 6%, 3000L/ha winter oil.
  • Only polymer (3 trees).
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Layout - Polymer and Winter Oil Trial

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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Bud temperatures is reordered from early September – early October

in each treatments.

  • Diurnal temperature will be assessed.
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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Temperature differences – Significant (p < 0.05) 2°C temperature

reduction in the polymer and winter oil application plots than only winter oil plots.

  • Temperature differences from directions.
  • N – 2.9°C
  • E – 3.4°C
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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Phenology will be monitored.
  • Bud burst
  • Fruit set
  • Blank nuts
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Polymer and Winter Oil Trial – CMV Orchard

  • Evaluation:
  • Yield and quality parameters will be assessed.
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Polymer only trial - Agriculture Victoria (m (mid area)

  • Objective:

To assess the responses of polymer application.

  • Methodology:
  • 5L Polymer was applied at 1500L/ha to 72 trees (tree basis trials).
  • Applied on 30th of August.
  • Temperature measurements –Laser thermometer, spot measurements.
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Polymer only trial- Agriculture Victoria (m (mid area)

  • Treatments:
  • 5L Polymer
  • Control
  • Tree basis trial:
  • 72 trees - 5L Polymer
  • 96 - Control
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Layout - Polymer only trial

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Polymer only trial- Agriculture Victoria (m (mid area)

  • Temperature measurements – no significant difference (overall &

from four directions).

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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • Zn deficiency is the third most common deficiency in deciduous trees

and widespread throughout all pistachio-growing areas.

  • Mostly common in younger tissues due to its immobility (Beede et al.

2016).

  • In the spring, symptom of Zn deficiency is the delayed opening of

vegetative and flower buds by as much as a month. This delay gives the appearance of cold injury to the 1-year-old wood in the upper canopy (Beede et al. 2016).

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Zn defi ficiency

Zn deficiency in young plants.

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Zn defi ficiency

Little leaves Dark red nuts

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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • Hypothesis:
  • Zicron is more effective than current recommended standards.
  • Objective:
  • To increase Zn uptake and Zn mobilization.
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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • Methodology:
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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • Sirora trees on PG.
  • Zicron application – 4 applications (foliar and fertigation).
  • Zn chelates – 4 applications.
  • Control - No Zn applications; 5 rows.
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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • Data collection:
  • Before application - Assessed the shoot tips separately from 3 areas.
  • Soil analysis.
  • After application - Assessed the shoot tips separately from 3 areas just

before the harvest.

  • Analysis:
  • Zn content in the shoot tips will be evaluated at before and after scenarios.
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Young Kerman study

  • Objective:
  • To find out the factors cause low yield in young Kerman.
  • Long term study.
  • Basic data collection.
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Young Kerman study

  • KP orchard
  • CMV orchard
  • Chislett Farms
  • Developing trial proposal to assess vegetative and reproductive

growth of young Kerman trees with management practices.

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Study of f male pollen

  • Hypothesis:

Nut quality is different from different types of pollen/male trees.

  • Objective:
  • To assess nut quality i.e. high nut size; lower closed shell.
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Study of f male pollen

  • Preliminary study
  • Types of Pollen:
  • PT 198 - Green
  • PT 129 - Blue
  • PT 134 - Red
  • PT 22 - Peters’ (Martin’s place)
  • 5 times application.
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Study of male pollen

  • Collecting pollen and applying different male pollen to the same

female tree.

  • Harvesting – hand harvesting nuts separately based on different

males.

  • Quality will be assessed separately based on different pollen types.
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Chill accumulation as at 3 31-08 08-2019 2019

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Chill accumulation as at 3 31-08 08-2019 2019

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Chill accumulation as at 3 31-08 08-2019 2019

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Acknowledgement

  • Ryan, Phil and staff – CMV farm for support these trials.
  • Andrew – Kyalite Pistachio for assisting trials.
  • Martin, Theo and James Simpfendorfer for the support given

throughout the preliminary polymer trial.

  • Dr Michael Treeby and staff – Agriculture Victoria for supporting the

trial.

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Thank you

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Additional slides

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In Increasing Zn absorption

  • An one of method increasing Zn absorption and movement is

application of Complex Polymeric Polyhydroxy Acids (CPPA) technology.

  • CPPA has ability to move nutrients through the phloem (Brown 2014).
  • Normally, it is not recommended to apply Zn in to the soil.
  • However, this can be applied to the soil due to stimulation ability .