FAO Symposium on FAO Symposium on The role of agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FAO Symposium on FAO Symposium on

• The role of agricultural biotechnologies for production of bio

The role of agricultural biotechnologies for production of bio-

• energy in

energy in developing countries" developing countries"

• Elba P. S. Bon

Elba P. S. Bon Chemistry Institute Chemistry Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro -

• Bra

Braz zil il elba1996@iq.ufrj.br elba1996@iq.ufrj.br

• Overview of the Current Brazilian Ethanol Production
• Biomass Ethanol
• The BIO-ETHANOL Project - Ethanol Production from

Sugarcane Biomass via Enzymatic Hydrolysis

• Paraná

Paraná: 20,0 10 : 20,0 106

6 ha

ha Paraíba Paraíba: 5,7 10 : 5,7 106

6 ha

ha Ceará Ceará: 14,6 10 : 14,6 106

6 ha

ha

• Brasil

Brasil: 851 x 10 : 851 x 106

6 hectares

hectares

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Brazil has 365 sugar/ethanol producing units from which 240 Brazil has 365 sugar/ethanol producing units from which 240 produce both sugar and ethanol, 109 produce only ethanol produce both sugar and ethanol, 109 produce only ethanol and 15 produce only sugar. and 15 produce only sugar. It is forecast that 41 new distilleries will be built until 2010 It is forecast that 41 new distilleries will be built until 2010 70,000 farmers produced 428 million tons of sugarcane 70,000 farmers produced 428 million tons of sugarcane (2006/2007 harvest) (2006/2007 harvest) The amount of dry The amount of dry bagasse bagasse annually produced by the ethanol annually produced by the ethanol and sugar industry is of 64 million tons and sugar industry is of 64 million tons Refineries made 4 billion gallons of alcohol fuel. Refineries made 4 billion gallons of alcohol fuel. Ethanol production replaces 460 million barrels of oil Ethanol production replaces 460 million barrels of oil SUGARCANE / ETHANOL PRODUCTION SUGARCANE / ETHANOL PRODUCTION

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• Overview of Ethanol Production from Sugar-cane

(sucrose)

• Biomass Ethanol
• The BIO-ETHANOL Project - Ethanol Production

from Sugar-cane Biomass

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Source: Himmel et.al. in collaboration with the CSM EM Facility (2004)

1 mm SEM SEM SEM SEM

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• Buffer treated corn stover

Enzyme treated corn stover

Note: zone around vascular bundle is eroded compared to native (suggests enzymes leak through pores in bundle)

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1st Challenge: Cell Wall Recalcitrance

• Lignocellulose cell walls

contain intermeshed carbohydrate and lignin polymers and other minor constituents

– The major structural polymers – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – exhibit differential reactivity to thermal, chemical, and biological processing – By natural design, cell wall polysaccharides are more difficult to break down than storage carbohydrates like starch

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Lignin Hemicellulose Cellulose

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• Overview of the Current Ethanol Production:

Sucrose Sugarcane

• Biomass Ethanol
• The BIOETHANOL Project - Ethanol Production

from Sugar-cane Biomass

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• 14 Brazilian Universities: UNICAMP/Campinas, USP/Lorena,

USP/SãoPaulo, UFRJ/Rio de Janeiro, UENF/Campos, UEM/Maringá, UnB/Brasília, UCS/Caxias do Sul, FURB/Blumenau, UFPE/Recife, UFPB/JoãoPessoa),UFPR/Curitiba,UFG/Goiânia, UFSc/Florianópolis

• 2 Research Centers: (IPT/São Paulo and INT/Rio de Janeiro)
• Center for Sugarcane Technology Development - CTC/Piracicaba

(congregates around 100 sugar and ethanol industries)

• CENBIO (National Centre for Biomass Development)/São Paulo

Foreign Collaboration

• LUND UNIVERSITY - Sweden
• The project is open to the establishment of new collaborations.

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• Development of biomass pre-treatment processes for

sugar cane bagasse and straw

• Raw and pre-treated biomass characterization
• Cellulases / xylanases production
• Enzymatic hydrolysis
• Sugars syrups characterization
• Ethanol fermentation ()
• sugars and lignin uses
• Energy optimisation
• Effluents and water

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Bagasse or Straw Pre-treatment Enzymatic Hydrolysis GLUCOSE Ethanol Fermentation Distillation

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Sucrose Ethanol

Pentoses (hemicellulose) Bio-Refineries/Enzyme Production

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Treated Sugar-cane Bagasse

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Cellulolytic enzymes are mainly produced by various microorganisms:

Aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Fungi

Actinomycetes Clostridium Aspergillus Trichoderma

Studies Studies on

• n Cellulolytic/Xylanolitic

Cellulolytic/Xylanolitic Enzyme Enzymes s

• Enzyme production using fed batch fermentation
• Enzyme production using semi-solid fermentation
• Production and use of inducers (sophorose)
• Selected genes cloning and expression
• Microorg. and genes identification and preservation
• Culture supernatants concentration
• Enzyme activity stabilization
• Evaluation of the effectiveness of different enzyme blends
• Enzymes chemical and biochemical characterization

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The major challenge: to convert, economically, biomass residues into glucose !

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