Pervasive Wireless Scenarios and Research Challenges Spring 08 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pervasive Wireless Scenarios and Research Challenges Spring 08 Research Review Jun 2, 2008

• Prof. D. Raychaudhuri

ray@winlab.rutgers.edu www.winlab.rutgers.edu

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Introduction: The Promise of Wireless Everywhere…

Wireless technology rapidly migrating from communications to a

multitude of embedded real-world applications …

V2V collision avoidance “Kid finder” Wireless cornea implant Tracking farm animals Wireless video surveillance Video cam detector

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Introduction: Pervasive Wireless will Enable Integration of Physical World with the Internet …

Vehicles with Sensors & Wireless Hospital with Embedded Monitoring Robotics Application Smart Public Space Autonomous Wireless Clusters (“ecosystems”)

Network Connectivity & Computation

Application Management & Control Software

“Human in the Loop” To Actuators From Sensors Virtualized physical world object Content & Location Aware Routers Computation & Storage Protocol module Ambient interfaces

Global Pervasive Network (Future Internet)

Multiple radio standards, Cognitive radios

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Introduction: Wireless Network Evolution towards Pervasive Systems

Internet (IP-based clean slate)

Infostation cache

WLAN Access Point WLAN Hot-Spot VOIP (dual-mode) Low-tier clusters (e.g. low power 802.11 sensor) Ad-hoc network extension

Public Switched Network (PSTN)

BTS

VOIP Broadband Media cluster (e.g. UWB or MIMO)

Open BTS

BSC MSC Custom Mobile Infrastructure (e.g. GSM, 3G) CDMA, GSM

• r 3G radio

access network

Mobile network overlays, etc.

~2000 ~2010 and beyond

Dynamic Spectrum Reuse

Seamless Internet extension

• r just a

local network??

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Open Mobile Networks

Open mobile products should

promote new applications beyond cellular voice/data

IP-based WiMax or cellular routers will

simplify Internet integration and enable heterogeneous networks

Open handset software for third party

application development

Overlay networks (built on IP tunnels) can

provide new network functionality

Open mobile alliance, Android, etc. Many new location aware applications

being developed

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Multi-Hop Access Networks

Multi-hop/mesh networks help to

expand coverage and serve low- power devices

Ad hoc mesh networks are required for vehicular

& sensor applications

Metro area mesh WiFi networks an alternative to

wide area cellular

Technology involves new multi-hop routing &

discovery protocols

Cross-layer effects can be significant in dense

mesh scenarios open research issues

Wired Internet Infrastructure

Mesh GW or AP

Hierarchical Mesh Network

Mesh Router

The $49 Mesh Router from Meraki Networks

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Dynamic Spectrum & Cognitive Radio

Spectrum Policy Server

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz) Amplidue (dBm)

Heavy Use Sparse Use Heavy Use Medium Use

Less than 6% Less than 6% Occupancy Occupancy

Atlanta New Orleans San Diego Frequency Time

Dynamic Spectrum Protocols For Coordination

Next-gen wireless devices with dynamic spectrum capability (fast RF scan, agile, adaptive PHY/MAC)

Wired Internet

Data Signal Spectrum Coordination

• New techniques for

spectrum coexistence needed as radio density increases

• Smart radios with fast

scan, agility, etiquette under consideration by FCC

• Dynamic adaptation of

radio (PHY/MAC) – implications for networking

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios: P2P and DTN

P2P and DTN network protocols expected to migrate from niche

scenarios to wider usage

Router mobility Network may be disconnected at times …delay tolerant protocols Caching and opportunistic data delivery …. In-network storage Content- and location- aware protocols

Internet

Mobile DTN Router

Roadway Sensors Mobile DTN Router

Ad-Hoc Network Opportunistic High-Speed Link (MB/s)

Mobile P2P User Static DTN Router

WINLAB’s i-media Prototype (2003)

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Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Sensor Nets

Mobile Internet (IP-based)

Overlay Sensor Network Infrastructure

Compute & Storage Servers User interfaces for information & control Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B Sensor net/IP gateway GW 3G/4G BTS Pervasive Application Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical World Object or Event Sensor/ Actuator

• Sensor net scenarios involve:
• Large scale
• Limited CPU speed and transmit power
• Intermittent connectivity, low-speeds, ad-hoc modes
• Location and content-awareness
• May involve closed loop control in real-time

ZigBee, UWB, etc.

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• Vehicle safety and

information/convenience

• New 802.11p radio access

standard

• Potentially high density
• Networking involves

location awareness…

• Ad hoc network formation

and disconnections

• Network (group) mobility
• V2V and V2I modes

Desired message delivery zone (Idealized) Broadcast range

Irrelevant vehicles in radio range for few seconds Passing vehicle, in radio range for tens of seconds Following vehicle, in radio range for minutes

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Vehicular Networks

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Research Challenges

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Pervasive Wireless: Research Challenges

Technology foundations

WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth, Zigbee radios Sensor devices, RFID, active tags, … Location determination systems (custom or infrastructure based) Dynamic spectrum management and cognitive radio Sensor network gateways, mesh relay nodes

Architectures and protocols

Geographic MAC, multicast and routing protocols Multi-hop wireless network protocols (MAC + routing) Location and content aware networks (overlay, clean-slate) Future Internet architecture for pervasive wireless

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Pervasive Wireless: Research Challenges (cont.)

Software technologies

Privacy mechanisms, particularly location privacy Security for RFID systems, sensor nets, p2p nets, etc. Micro OS and distributed run-time environment; Open networks and virtualization

Application domains

Geographic search & mobile services Vehicular systems (V2V, V2I) Medical systems Social networks, p2p

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Pervasive Wireless: Rutgers Activities

Rutgers Computing Coordination Council (CCC)

selected “pervasive computing” as a strategic theme for inter-departmental/center collaboration

Involves CS, ECE and SCILS as well as WINLAB, Marine & Coastal, Center

for Autonomic Computing, CAIT, others ….

Internal seed program with 7 projects funded, ranging from pervasive systems

security to underwater glider coordination

Workshops and colloquia

WINLAB research

Growing portfolio of pervasive wireless research projects Range of topics including spectrum issues, geographic MAC/routing, location

technology, privacy and security to be covered in today’s research review