Internet and Pervasive Internet and Pervasive 2 0 0 4 Technologies - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Internet and Pervasive Internet and Pervasive Technologies for Successful Aging Technologies for Successful Aging

William Mann, OTR, Ph.D. William Mann, OTR, Ph.D.

Professor, Chairman, and Director Professor, Chairman, and Director Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) (RERC) University of Florida, Gainesville, FL University of Florida, Gainesville, FL-

• 32611,

32611, USA USA wmann@hp.ufl.edu wmann@hp.ufl.edu

2 0 0 4 TOKYO

Keynote Speech: 2004 IPSJ/IEEE Symposium on Applications and the Internet

Aging Aging

The The gradual changes in the gradual changes in the structure and function structure and function of

• f

humans and animals that occur humans and animals that occur with the passage of time, and with the passage of time, and that eventually lead to the that eventually lead to the increased probability of death increased probability of death as the person or animal grows as the person or animal grows

• lder.
• lder.

. .

Aging Aging

The The gradual changes in the gradual changes in the structure and function structure and function of

• f

humans and animals that occur humans and animals that occur with the passage of time, and with the passage of time, and that eventually lead to the that eventually lead to the increased probability of death increased probability of death as the person or animal grows as the person or animal grows

• lder.
• lder.

Age Related Diseases Age Related Diseases

Those diseases that appear late Those diseases that appear late in life, such as Alzheimer in life, such as Alzheimer’ ’s, s,

• steo
• steo-
• arthritis, stroke, diabetes,

arthritis, stroke, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, Parkinsons Parkinsons Disease. Disease.

Model for Viewing R & D and Clinical I nterventions Model for Viewing R & D and Clinical I nterventions

Why support research and development Why support research and development in technology and aging? in technology and aging?

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

18.9 18.9 8.8 8.8 6.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Population 85+ 1910 to 2050

(in millions)

Population 85+ 1910 to 2050

(in millions)

Percent of Population by Age Group Who Need Assistance with ADLs 2.4 9.2 11 19.5 31.2 49.5

15-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ A g e G ro u p

65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+ 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+

Number of Men per 100 Women by Age Group Number of Men per 100 Women by Age Group

33.5 33.5 43.7 43.7 26.5 26.5 55.4 55.4 67.4 67.4 76.3 76.3 82.3 82.3

9.0 10.9 15.2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

M i l l i

• n

s

1990

2005

2220

Year

Projected Increase in Number of People 65+ living Alone: 1990 - 2220

Aging Population is a world concern Aging Population is a world concern

Addressing Functional Limitations Addressing Functional Limitations

• f Aging Population
• f Aging Population

Applying Technology Applying Technology “Low” and “high” “Low” and “high”

Examples of “Low Technology” Examples of “Low Technology”

• Assitive

Assitive Devices Devices

Cognitive Device Hearing Device

Mobility Devices

Powered Window Opener Button hook / Zipper Pull

Can you support elders with technology?

A Randomized Controlled Trial of A Randomized Controlled Trial of Assistive Technology / Home Assistive Technology / Home Modification Service Delivery Modification Service Delivery

Mean Percent Decline on Measures of Functional Status by Group In Standard Scores

2 4 6 8 10 12 IADL Fim Motor Rx Control

At 18 Months Post Initial Intervention

Mean Intervention Cost/ Participant over 18 Mean Intervention Cost/ Participant over 18 Months Months

Treatment Treatment Control Control $2620 $2620 $443 $443

Mean Total Institutional Cost/ Participant for 18 Months

Treatment Treatment Control Control $5,630 $5,630 $21,847 $21,847

Mann, W.C., Ottenbacher, K.J., Fraas, L., Tomita, M., & Granger, C.V. (1999) Effectiveness of Assistive Technology and Environmental Interventions in Maintaining Independence and Reducing Home Care Costs for the Frail Elderly: A Randomized Trial; Archives of Family Medicine; May/June, 8(3):210-217

With Advances in Technology With Advances in Technology – – Can we do even better? Can we do even better?

Technology – Advances: Wheelchairs

1300 B.C. 1300 B.C.

• Oldest evidence of a

Oldest evidence of a wheeled chair wheeled chair – – spoked spoked wheels on wheels on chairs. chairs.

1595 1595

• King of Spain had his

King of Spain had his

• wn rolling chair with
• wn rolling chair with

foot rest. foot rest.

1655 1655

• Self

Self-

• propelled chair

propelled chair built by a built by a watchmaker with watchmaker with paraplegia. paraplegia.

1933 1933

• First folding

First folding wheelchair, wheelchair, manufactured with manufactured with metal. metal.

Today Today

• “High Tech,” light

“High Tech,” light-

• weight materials

weight materials

• Improved design

Improved design

• Wheelchairs used for

Wheelchairs used for sports sports

Advances Advances

• Power Assisted Wheelchairs

Power Assisted Wheelchairs

• Stair climbing wheelchairs

Stair climbing wheelchairs

• Smart Wheelchairs with Internet

Smart Wheelchairs with Internet connections, wireless local connectivity connections, wireless local connectivity and adaptive user interfaces and adaptive user interfaces

Why support research and Why support research and development in this area? development in this area?

Hearing Aids

Early 1700’s Early 1700’s

An ear trumpet. Similar An ear trumpet. Similar devices were used for devices were used for thousands of years. thousands of years.

1850’s 1850’s

Acoustic table urn. Acoustic table urn. Meant to capture Meant to capture sound from any angle sound from any angle in the room. in the room.

1930’s 1930’s

First electrical hearing First electrical hearing aid. aid.

1930’s 1930’s

Wearable multiple part Wearable multiple part hearing aid. hearing aid.

1940’s 1940’s

Vacuum tube model. Vacuum tube model.

1953 1953

Oticon Oticon Pocket model. Pocket model.

1957 1957

Ear aid that could hang Ear aid that could hang

• ver the ear from the
• ver the ear from the

wearer's eyeglasses. wearer's eyeglasses.

1950’s 1950’s – – 1960’s 1960’s

Combination of a Combination of a microphone with a microphone with a battery and battery and transistor in one transistor in one unit. unit.

1970’s 1970’s

"In "In-

• the

the-

• Canal," or ITC,

Canal," or ITC, aids aids -

• fill the ear canal

fill the ear canal without anything worn without anything worn

• utside the ear.”
• utside the ear.”

1980’s 1980’s

This unit could be This unit could be concealed concealed completely in the completely in the ear canal. ear canal.

1990’s 1990’s

Hearing aids with Hearing aids with digital processing digital processing

The future The future

• Web based programming updates for digital

Web based programming updates for digital hearing aids hearing aids

• Pervasive computing for better hearing aid

Pervasive computing for better hearing aid performance performance

• Integration and embedding with mobile phones

Integration and embedding with mobile phones and other consumer electronics and other consumer electronics

• Additional forms of hearing devices: mobile

Additional forms of hearing devices: mobile digital assistants for real digital assistants for real-

• time speech to text

time speech to text translation translation

The Telephone The Telephone

1877 1877

• First commercial telephone

First commercial telephone used by Alexander Graham used by Alexander Graham Bell, based on his patent of Bell, based on his patent of January 1877. January 1877.

• This telephone consisted of

This telephone consisted of a single transmitter/receiver a single transmitter/receiver placed within a rectangular placed within a rectangular wooden box. wooden box.

• You spoke into the opening

You spoke into the opening in the box and listened in the box and listened through the same opening. through the same opening.

1882 1882

Early Bell System Early Bell System telephone. telephone.

1904 1904

1927 1927

First phone with single First phone with single handset. handset.

1964 1964

First “touch First “touch-

• tone” phone

tone” phone

1946 1946

First commercial mobile First commercial mobile phone phone

1973 1973 -

• First cell phone call in USA

First cell phone call in USA

• Martin Cooper, an

Martin Cooper, an electrical engineer and a electrical engineer and a former general manager former general manager for the systems division for the systems division at Motorola, is credited at Motorola, is credited with making the first cell with making the first cell phone call, in 1973 phone call, in 1973

The Incredible Shrinking Cell Phone The Incredible Shrinking Cell Phone

Intelligence Dumb Terminal Smart Phone

The Wearable & Pervasive Phone The Wearable & Pervasive Phone

Smart Phone

2000

Wireless and I nternet connectivity

Check locks

• n doors and

windows Automatically refill prescription Check if laundry is done Call in a nurse Call in for help and Assistance Monitor

• f kitchen:
• ven and

stove on/off; temp. Turn on/off lights (and visually inspect)

• ther

rooms. Sense and see visitors/strangers at front door Order groceries with dietary restrictions

Smart Phones Smart Phones

Current Smart Current Smart Phones: Phones: Are they Are they Designed for Designed for

• lder people?
• lder people?

Back-lit & Contrasting colors Larger fonts Back-lit Audio-feedback Code reader (Smart ID, RFID,…) Wider Phone Keypad Full-day Back Battery Wider Vertical Key Spacing Wider Screen Wider Horizontal Key Spacing

Voice Input/Output

Telehealth Telehealth & & Smart Homes Smart Homes

Computer Computer-

• based Monitoring of Self

based Monitoring of Self-

• Care Needs of Physically Frail Elders

Care Needs of Physically Frail Elders

Malcolm M, Mann WC, Tomita M, Fraas LF, Stanton Malcolm M, Mann WC, Tomita M, Fraas LF, Stanton KM, Gitlan L (2001) KM, Gitlan L (2001) Computer and Internet Use Among Computer and Internet Use Among Physically Frail Elders Physically Frail Elders, , Physical and Occupational Physical and Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics Therapy in Geriatrics, 19(3) pp15 , 19(3) pp15-

• 32

32

Randomized Controlled Trial Computer-based Monitoring of Self-care Needs of Physically Frail Elders 1999-2002 I used to wake up in the morning, pray to God to take me, because I was ready. Now I wake up every morning and pray God will give me more time to use this computer. Thank you, thank you, thank you. When I think of all you have done to make my life easier…. A comment from one participant in the intervention group:

San Juan

DLP

RHCP VVN West Palm Beach Miami Bay Pines

• Ft. Myers

VHA –VI SN-8 Community Care Coordination Telehealth Service Sites

Telehomecare Technology Telehomecare Technology Results Results

– – Improved Compliance Improved Compliance – – Reduced resource utilization Reduced resource utilization – – Improved patient education Improved patient education – – Improved functional Status Improved functional Status

Hospital Admissions

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Qrt. Pre 12 Pre 9 Pre 6 Pre 3 Post 3 Post 6 Post 9 Post 12

N=791

The Health Buddy The Health Buddy

• Monitor the elder's health
• Monitor the elder's self-care related needs
• Monitor the house
• Monitor the elder's activities, movement, and

behavior in the house

Our University of Florida Smart Our University of Florida Smart House Initiative House Initiative

Snapshots of the Smart House Snapshots of the Smart House

Early Prototyping Early Prototyping

UnLatch Client Server Response Query Reply Request Proxy HTTP Interface Query Response Generated Pulse Data written to port Unlock request Circuit TINI Board Scanner Medicine Bottle Pharmacy

Pervasive Technology for Pervasive Technology for Smart House Smart House

Technology for Pervasive Technology for Pervasive Computing Computing

SNAP

Zylog EZ80

iButton Systronix STEP Board

Ultrasonic Pilot Ultrasonic Beacon

RFID

Wireless Sensors Wireless Sensors

Applications Applications

• Locating elders & objects (e.g. Car in parking

Locating elders & objects (e.g. Car in parking garage, TV remote) garage, TV remote)

• Home appliances and device control (e.g.

Home appliances and device control (e.g. switching functions & A/C control) switching functions & A/C control)

• Smart Microwave Ovens, Talking Food, etc

Smart Microwave Ovens, Talking Food, etc

• Alerts and alarms (e.g., medicine reminders &

Alerts and alarms (e.g., medicine reminders & postal mail notification) postal mail notification)

• Grocery shopping assistant

Grocery shopping assistant

• Weather Awareness

Weather Awareness

Applications Applications

• Integrated indoor/outdoor location tracking

Integrated indoor/outdoor location tracking

• Map maker and navigation

Map maker and navigation

• Security Alerts (doors, windows, water leaks)

Security Alerts (doors, windows, water leaks)

• Access Control (lock/unlock doors, windows)

Access Control (lock/unlock doors, windows)

• Next generation Lifeline

Next generation Lifeline

• Home Entertainment

Home Entertainment

• Push to Eat (and other automated services)

Push to Eat (and other automated services)

• Dictation

Dictation

• Others…

Others…

The The SmartWave SmartWave Project Project

Gator-Tech Smart House June, 2004

Technology and Aging The Importance of People

Formal Service Providers Family – Informal Providers

International Conference on International Conference on Aging, Disability, and Aging, Disability, and Independence Independence

January 2006 January 2006 Florida USA Florida USA

www.asa.org/icadi www.asa.org/icadi

http://www.rerc.ufl.edu/