Paving the Pathways to Student Success Dr. Martha J. Kanter OREGON - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

College Promise Paving the Pathways to Student Success

• Dr. Martha J. Kanter

OREGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATION Sunriver, OR November 3, 2016

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

Historical Context of A Free Public Education in America Massachusetts 1852 6–16 Pennsylvania 1895 8–17 DC 1864 5–18 Indiana 1897 7–16 Vermont 1867 6–16 Florida 1915 6–16 Michigan 1871 6–16 Texas 1915 6–18 New York 1874 6–16 Alaska 1929 7–16 California 1874 6–18 Illinois 1883 7–16

1635 Boston Latin School, first and oldest U.S. public school 1862 California State Normal School, first & oldest State University 1870 All States provide free elementary schools 1898 William Rainey Harper College, first community college 1929 All states provide free high schools 1852-1929 From MA to AK, all states finally pass compulsory school laws

www.collegepromise.org

1950s, 1960s &1970s The national commitment to growing opportunity expanded for a growing nation…after two World Wars

• Great Depression
• Passage of the GI Bill & Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Dramatic expansion of state colleges and community

colleges

• Public land-grant university enrollments boomed
• 457 community colleges were established in the 1960s

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

www.collegepromise.org

1980s – Present Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All

• Burgeoning post-Vietnam War immigrant communities
• Growth of state and federal oversight
• Fluctuating local, state & federal financial systems
• Dramatic expansion of underserved populations, immigrants

& first-generation students

• Questioning of the public purpose, investment in & funding
• f American education

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

1980s - Present Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All

• Drive to secure economic prosperity and social mobility
• Education for 21st century students (low-income, minority, immigrant,

and first generation)

• Drive to produce world-class research; solve the most pressing

domestic and global problems

• Create and sustain opportunity
• Urgency to address racial and income disparities in education

(96% of students from the highest-income quartile complete high school, while only 63% from the lowest-income quartile do)

Sources: Altbach, Bailey, Berdahl, Dynarski, Kahlenberg, Schmidtlein

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

TODAY Wavering National Commitment to Growing Opportunity for All

• 93 million adult Americans have little or no college

educations (> 45%)

• 75 million of these adults are functioning at basic or below

basic literacy levels

• Students from low-income families by age 24 earn

bachelor’s degrees at one-eighth the rate of their more advantaged counterparts — 9% compared with 75%

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

WHO ARE TODAY’S STUDENTS?

• 43% of U.S. undergraduates are community college students
• Only a quarter of all college students attend a residential

four-year college.

• Almost a quarter of all college students have dependent

children.

• Most college students work at least part-time, and more than

half of those who never completed their college educations say they dropped out because they needed to work to support themselves and their families.

• Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. (2012, Dec.); Knocking at the

College Door: Projections of High School Graduates; Public Agenda. (2009)

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

Average tuition at a public 4- year college has increased by more than 250% in the last three decades.

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

THE COMPLETION CHALLENGE

• Only half of undergraduates earn their baccalaureate

degrees in 6 years!

• The typical full-time Bachelor’s Degree recipient earns

a college degree in 5.1 years.

• The typical full-time Associate’s Degree recipient earns

a college degree in 3 Years.

• College and university completion rates vary widely so

choosing wisely matters now more than ever.

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES AHEAD

• Public vs. Private Good (ROI)
• Student Realities & Needs (under-preparation, the need to

work, family & income, etc.)

• College Completion
• Funding Sustainability
• Rising Tuition & Related College Costs
• Student Loan Debt & Debt Aversion
• Intended & Unintended Consequences of Federal & State

Student Aid & Myriad Outdated Regulations

• Accountability (burdensome regulatory environment,

accreditation, etc.)

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success The College Promise: One Way Forward

• Do we want our nation to benefit from a middle class

in the 21st century?

• Low income and first generation students lag behind their

more advantaged peers in college enrollment by more than 30%

• 100 years ago we made high school available for everyone.
• We’re 12th in the world for college graduates.

We used to be #1.

www.collegepromise.org

What is a “College Promise”?

• It’s a 21st Century promise to make the first two years of college – at a

minimum - as universal, free, and accessible as public high school was in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

• It’s a promise to prepare students for the 21st Century workforce and the

pursuit of the American Dream without the burden of exorbitant college debt.

• A commitment to fund a community college education – at a minimum -

for every eligible hardworking student advancing on the path to earn an associate’s degree, an occupational certificate, and/or credits that transfer to a four-year university.

• Key components:
• “Place-based” (a college, a city, a region, a state)
• Guarantee of Financial Support for College
• Evidence & Performance-Based
• Financially Sustainable

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise Campaign

What

• To build widespread support, the Campaign uses three

strategies:

• Communications and Advocacy
• Cross-sector Leadership Development
• Research, Policy and Practice

Why

• To increase college access, student learning and

college completion:

• Optimizes local, state and federal funds
• Leverages and promotes evidence and performance-based

incentives and interventions.

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise Goals

• Increase high school and college graduation rates
• Motivate and engage students and families toward college

goals from birth to Pre-K, K-12, College & Beyond (e.g., Wabash County Promise; Oakland Promise Brilliant)

• Lower college tuition and non-tuition college expenses
• Provide sustainable financing
• Decrease remediation
• Shorten time to degree
• Reduce educational inefficiencies
• Expand employment opportunities for youth and adults
• Promote year-round community college & university

education complemented with paid employment

• Leverage what works (evidence)

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Growing Momentum

• In the last year, more than 150 local communities,

community colleges and universities in 37 states have launched a College Promise from a wide range of public and private funding sources. (College Promise Campaign, 2016)

• To date, 23 state legislatures have reviewed 38 different

College Promise measures. (ECS, March 14, 2016)

• The White House reported that new College Promise

programs have invested more than $150 million for community colleges to serve at least 180,000 students. (U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, The America’s College Promise Playbook , Washington, D.C., 2016.)

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Growing Momentum

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Growing Momentum

• Today, local communities like Oakland, Detroit, Chicago,

Boston, Houston, and Los Angeles are building on what Long Beach, El Dorado and Kalamazoo have already put in place over the past decade.

• We pay for what we value.
• The challenge is to design a reasonable, sustainable

College Promise that include the right combination of financial and behavioral incentives that can be leveraged to increase college opportunity and completion.

18 www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

COLLEGE PROMISE DESIGN CHALLENGES

• Increase graduation rate
• Close the achievement gap
• Increase college readiness for two-thirds of new freshmen
• Leveraging cognitive

science and technological tools.

• Give every student 24 x 7 advising, mentoring, tutoring, and

counseling

• Creating and sustaining a long-term, stable financial model

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success Return on Investment (ROI)

• The probability of being employed is 24% higher.
• The likelihood of being out of the labor force (neither employed nor

unemployed) is 74% less.

• College graduates contribute hundreds of thousands of dollars more over

a lifetime in local, state and federal taxes.

• College graduates utilize about 39% fewer government resources (e.g.,

TANF, government & emergency assistance programs, and jails)

• College graduates report having “good” or “very good” health 44% more

than high school graduates

• College graduates are nearly 5 times less likely to be jailed or imprisoned

than those who have no college experience.

www.collegepromise.org

The College Promise Movement: Growth, Scope, and Impact

Laura Perna University of Pennsylvania

Research Team:

• Laura Perna, Elaine Leigh, Roman Ruiz, Kata Orosz, Glen Casey,

Vanessa Khoo, Devon Hernandez, Ashley Napier Financial Support:

• Civic Nation
• Sage Scholars
• Penn-Wharton Public Policy Initiative

August 30, 2016 Oakland, California

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy What We Did

• Upjohn Institute
• Civic Nation
• Other research
• News articles

Population

• Existing reports
• Program websites
• News articles
• Outreach to programs

Program Characteristics

• Program

typology

• Searchable

database

Products

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Assumption: Key Characteristics of Promise Programs Reflect What We Know About College Enrollment

Source: Derived from Perna, L. W. (2006). Studying college choice: A proposed conceptual model. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of theory and research, Vol. XXI (pp. 99-157). Springer.

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Characteristics of Promise Program

• Goal is to improve higher education attainment
• Includes some type of “promise”
• More than traditional financial aid program
• Early commitment
• Clear and simple message of aid/reward

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy “Promise” Program vs. “Student Financial Aid” Program

108 “Promise” Programs 308 State-Sponsored Aid Programs

Other Scholarship Program

30 3

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy

Status of Identified Programs

131 8 2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Active In progress Inactive

Frequency

Note: Data describe 141 “promise” programs

100 “Promise” Programs

State- Sponsored Aid Programs

Other Scholarship Program

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Active “Promise” Programs 28

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs

3

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Definition of “Place:” Residency – Where One Must Live

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs

1% 2% 2% 2% 5% 6% 10% 15% 28% 29%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Definition of “Place:” School Attendance – Where One Must Attend School

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs

1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 4% 5% 6% 9% 13% 15% 21% 21% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Percent

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs; Data include Iowa State 4 U which has 4 year requirement but for elementary school

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Years in “Place” Required for Maximum Financial Aid

6% 7% 12% 7% 2% 9% 55% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Approach to Awarding Financial Aid

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs. Percents may not add up to 100% due to rounding

1% 34% 59% 5% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Both First Dollar Last Dollar No award Unknown

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Criteria for Receiving Initial Award 50

Merit-based

16

Need-

based

18

23% use test score

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs. Figure excludes two programs with unknown criteria and 45 programs without either merit or need-based criteria.

50% use GPA 11% use admissions index

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy

Type of Postsecondary Educational Institution Student May Attend

• 38% of programs can
• nly be used at 1

institution

• 70% of programs at 1

institution are located at 2-year colleges

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs.. 43% 11% 45% 1%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 2-year only 4-year only 2 or 4-year N/A

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Maximum Semesters for Financial Aid Award

1% 6% 24% 6% 28% 5% 1% 1% 5% 1% 1% 1% 7% 15%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Percent

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs. Percents may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Costs Covered by Financial Aid

Notes: Results limited to 131 “active” programs. Data exclude 4 programs with unknown coverge

9% 37% 24% 2% 7%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Full tuition - First Dollar Full-tuition - Last Dollar Fees Room and board Books Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Criteria for Renewing and Maintaining Aid Award

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs.

1% 35% 21% 23% 62% 8%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% <2.0 GPA 2.0 to 2.5 GPA 2.5 to 3.0 GPA SAP Other Criteria Unknown

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Support Services Offered by Active Programs

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” programs..

35% 22% 28% 21% 18% 5% 9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Any kind of support Support before college Support during college Academic support Sociocultural support Parent

• utreach

Community

• utreach

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Program Funding Sources

Note: Results limited to 131 “active” program.

60% 29% 11% 5% 8% 5% 28% 63% 15% 24% 6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Percent

Laura W. Perna, University of Pennsylvania, Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy Next Steps

• What is a ”Promise” Program?
• Recommended Program Characteristics
• Directions for Future Research

Mary Rauner, WestEd California College Promise Profile Project When do our students get a College Promise?

2006-2015 2016 2017 and beyond

Programs implemented from 2006-2016

Mary Rauner, WestEd California College Promise Profile Project What non-financial supports do our students receive?

• Support before college

–50% of the Promise Programs in California

• ffer college prep programs
• Early engagement/commitment programs,

including field trips to college campuses (3)

• College fairs (2)
• Bridge or dual-enrollment programs (3)
• Workshops to support students in completing

Promise program and/or FAFSA applications (8)

Mary Rauner, WestEd California College Promise Profile Project What non-financial supports do our students receive (cont.)?

• Support during college:

– Summer boot camps (2) – Academic support services dedicated to Promise students (6) – Internship programs (2)

• Support with transfer:

– Preferential transfer agreements with local CSU or UC programs (4)

Mary Rauner, WestEd California College Promise Profile Project Where do we get our funding?

Fiscal Agents: – Community College Foundations – Community Colleges – Other non-profits Funding sources:

• Community College operating budgets
• K-12 school district budgets
• City operating budgets
• Individual donors
• Private foundations
• Industry
• Federal grants
• Native American tribe

More than 50% draw funding from more than

• ne source

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

COLLEGE PROMISE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Competency-based education (enabling students to progress

based on learning measured by assessments rather than courses;

• Credit for prior learning using assessments giving students

credit for experiential or other previous learning;

• Dual enrollment for early credit accumulation (for high school

and community college students to enroll in college courses to accelerate time to degree);

• Year-round Pre-K through College

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

• Incorporating in person & virtual advisors, mentors & tutors to

increase proficiency and reduce learning time;

• Transforming remediation using high-impact, evidence-based

practices and technology-based instructional tools to increase college level proficiency in English, math and science;

• Integrating remediation with general education classes to

contextualize basic skills learning and speed up academic progress.

• Pervasive educational & financial literacy for students and

families.

• Children who are ready for Kindergarten who stay on grade

level through high school and students (youth and adults) who complete college, ready for the workforce and life in general.

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

• Shortening program duration to accommodate working

adults’ schedules (e.g., 3-year degrees working more closely with industries to meet local and state employer demand;

• Making scheduling more flexible (e.g., evening and

weekend schedules, on-line and self-paced coursework, and classes at the worksite locations).

www.collegepromise.org

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe.”

• John Muir, My First Summer in the Sierra,
• p. 110

www.collegepromise.org

• Increase the performance of all students at all levels
• Improve and accelerate remediation
• Shorten time to degree
• Reduce and bring back college drop-outs

College Promise: Paving the Pathways to Student Success

2020-2025 Graduate

www.collegepromise.org

We Pay For What We Value!

The College Promise Campaign supports the development and expansion of reasonable, sustainable local and state College Promise programs that include the right combination

• f educational, behavioral, and financial

incentives and interventions that can be leveraged to increase college opportunity, quality, and completion, starting in America’s community colleges.

College Promise Campaign - What It’s Worth: Building More Financially Prosperous Arkansans Through Savings & Education, Dr. Martha J. Kanter, Executive Director

College Promise Campaign

JOIN THE MOVEMENT

www.CollegePromise.org www.HeadsUpAmerica.us @HeadsUp_America Martha@CivicNation.org

College Promise Campaign - What It’s Worth: Building More Financially Prosperous Arkansans Through Savings & Education, Dr. Martha J. Kanter, Executive Director