Passive Defense Passive Defense and Biological Hazards and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Passive Defense Passive Defense and Biological Hazards and Biological Hazards
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ﻲﺘﺴﻳز تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ و ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻨﻓاﺪﭘ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ و ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻨﻓاﺪﭘ
20192019 By : Hatami H. MD. MPH By : Hatami H. MD. MPH
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ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ) ) ﻲﺘﺴﻳز ﺪﻨﻓاﺪﭘ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز ﺪﻨﻓاﺪﭘ((
و هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا و ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺑاﺪﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﻳ ﺐﻴﺳآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺪﻳﺪﭘزﺎﺑ و ﺪﻳﺪﭘﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ تﻼﻤﺣ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ دﻮﺸﻴﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا.
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The intentional or threatened use of microorganisms or biological toxins microorganisms or biological toxins to kill or incapacitate to kill or incapacitate people people, , animals animals, or , or crops crops. .
Bioterrorism events may be “ “unnaturally occurring unnaturally occurring emerging infections emerging infections” ”. .
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Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Bioterrorist Bioterrorist Biological warfare Biological warfare Biological attack Biological attack Biological weapon Biological weapon Biological defense Biological defense Biological education Biological education Agricultural bioterrorism Agricultural bioterrorism
psychoterrorism psychoterrorism
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ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا و ﻪﭽﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ـ ﻒﻟا ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا و ﻪﭽﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ـ ﻒﻟا و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ـ ب و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ـ ب عﻮﻗو عﻮﻗو(Occurrence) (Occurrence)
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Biological weapons are not new not new
The technologies technologies of production
and delivery have been and delivery have been developed developed
نﺎﻛﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ رد نﺎﻛﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ رد
ﻲﻫﺎﺸﻣزراﻮﺧ هﺮﻴﺧذ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻫﺎﺸﻣزراﻮﺧ هﺮﻴﺧذ بﺎﺘﻛ::
،كﻮﻠﻣ زا ﻲﻀﻌﺑ،كﻮﻠﻣ زا ﻲﻀﻌﺑنﺎﻛﺰﻴﻨﻛ نﺎﻛﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ار ﻪﺑ ار ﺮـﻫز ﺮـﻫز ﺪﻧروﺮﭙﺑ ﺪﻧروﺮﭙﺑ و دﻮﺷ تدﺎﻋ ار نﺎﺸﻳا نآ ندرﻮـﺧ ﻪﻜﻧﺎﻨﭼ و دﻮﺷ تدﺎﻋ ار نﺎﺸﻳا نآ ندرﻮـﺧ ﻪﻜﻧﺎﻨﭼ دراﺪـﻧ نﺎﻳزدراﺪـﻧ نﺎﻳز . . نآ ﺎـﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ نآ ﺮﻬﺑ زا رﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا نآ ﺎـﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ نآ ﺮﻬﺑ زا رﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻠﻴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻔﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ار كﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻠﻴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻔﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ار كﺰﻴﻨﻛﻲﻤﺼﺧﻲﻤﺼﺧ دﻮﺑ ار نﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ار نﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﻛ نآ تﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ نآ تﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ كﻼﻫ ،كﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ كﻼﻫ ،كﺰﻴﻨﻛ
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ﺖﺳا هدروآ ﺐﻃ ﺖﺳا هدروآ ﺐﻃ
ﺪﻨﺸُﻜِﺑ و ﺪﻨﺸﻜِﺑ ﻢﺳ ماد ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﻗو هﺎﺷدﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﺸُﻜِﺑ و ﺪﻨﺸﻜِﺑ ﻢﺳ ماد ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﻗو هﺎﺷدﺎﭘ . . وا قاﺰﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ هﺪﻴﺳر يﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ كﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ وا قاﺰﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ هﺪﻴﺳر يﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ كﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ نآ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﺧ غﺮﻣ و دﻮﺑ ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟ هﺪﻨﺸُﻛ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ نآ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﺧ غﺮﻣ و دﻮﺑ ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟ هﺪﻨﺸُﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ “ “
دﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﺘﻛد دﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﺘﻛد ناﺮﻳا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺦـﻳرﺎﺗ بﺎﺘﻛ رد ناﺮﻳا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺦـﻳرﺎﺗ بﺎﺘﻛ رد رﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻢﺳ ،ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﺖﻓﻼﺧ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻣزﺮﺳ و رﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﻢﺳ ،ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﺖﻓﻼﺧ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻣزﺮﺳ و ار ارﺶﻴِﺑ هﺎﻴﮔﺪﻨﻫﺶﻴِﺑ هﺎﻴﮔﺪﻨﻫ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ هﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ هﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ مﻮﻤﺳ زا ﻲﻜﻳ نآ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗ و ﻲﻤﺳ مﻮﻤﺳ زا ﻲﻜﻳ نآ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗ و ﻲﻤﺳ ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ
Indian Aconite Aconitum napellus Indian Aconite Indian Aconite Aconitum Aconitum napellus napellus
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Indian Aconite Indian Aconite Aconitum Aconitum napellus napellus
ﮔﮔﻴﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎﻲﻲ ﺴﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺴﺑ ﺖﺳاﻴﻴ ﻤﺳ رﺎ ﻤﺳ رﺎﻲﻲ ور ﻪﻛور ﻪﻛيي ﺮﺛا تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ بﺎﺼﻋا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺮﺛا تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ بﺎﺼﻋا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻣ ﺞﻠﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﻣ ﺞﻠﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﻲ ﻲ دﻮﺷدﻮﺷ.. ﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻴ ﻴ ﻨ ﻨﻲﻲ :: نﺎﺑز شزﻮﺳ سﺎﺴﺣا نﺎﺑز شزﻮﺳ سﺎﺴﺣا . . ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ عﻮﻬﺗعﻮﻬﺗ . . ﺎﻫدرد ﺎﻫدرديي ﻤﻜﺷ ﻤﻜﺷﻲﻲ لﺎﻬﺳا و لﺎﻬﺳا و . . ﻛﺎﺗ ﻛﺎﺗ ﻴ ﻴ درﺎﻜ درﺎﻜ ي ي ﻳﻳ داﺮﺑ ﺎ داﺮﺑ ﺎ ﻳ ﻳ درﺎﻜ درﺎﻜيي . . دﺎﺸﮔ دﺎﺸﮔيي ﻚﻣدﺮﻣ ﻚﻣدﺮﻣ . . و ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺞﻠﻓ و ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺞﻠﻓ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻬﻧ ﻳ ﻳ گﺮﻣ ﺎﺘ گﺮﻣ ﺎﺘ.. نﺎﻣرد نﺎﻣرد:: ﭘوﺮﺗآ ﭘوﺮﺗآ ﻴ ﻴ ﺘﻧﺎﻓوﺮﺘﺳا و ﻦ ﺘﻧﺎﻓوﺮﺘﺳا و ﻦ ﻴ ﻴ ﻦ ﻦ
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Indian Aconite Indian Aconite Aconitum Aconitum napellus napellus
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Known Development to Agents Known Development to Agents by the Major powers by the Major powers
Canada
United State
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Russia
Japan
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1346 Tartar Tartar siege of siege of Kaffa Kaffa ( (Feodossa Feodossa) catapult ) catapult plague victims over walls plague victims over walls (673y) (673y)
1767 The French and Indian War French and Indian War the English the English gave Smallpox contaminated blankets to gave Smallpox contaminated blankets to Indians Indians (252 y) (252 y)
1918 (WWI) German German agents inoculated horses agents inoculated horses and cattle with and cattle with Glanders Glanders disease disease (101 y) (101 y)
1940 Japan Japan dropped Bubonic plague infected dropped Bubonic plague infected fleas and grain (to attract the local rats) in fleas and grain (to attract the local rats) in China China (79y) (79y)
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History of biological weapons History of biological weapons (continued) (continued)
1975 Biological Weapons Convention Biological Weapons Convention prohibiting the production/stockpiling prohibiting the production/stockpiling biological weapons biological weapons (44 y) (44 y)
1979 Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk Incident Incident accidental accidental explosion at biological warfare facility explosion at biological warfare facility killing an estimated killing an estimated 200 200-
1000 people from people from anthrax anthrax (40 y) (40 y)
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ناﺮﻳا و قاﺮﻋ ﮓﻨﺟ رد ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ناﺮﻳا و قاﺮﻋ ﮓﻨﺟ رد ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا
E E ) ) لﺎﺳ هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ لﺎﺳ هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ13701370--13691369 ( (
13611361((
لﺎﺳ لﺎﺳ13701370((
بﺮﻐﻧﻼﻴﮔ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺑ رد ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ هﮋﻳو يﺎﻫوﺮﻴﻧ بﺮﻐﻧﻼﻴﮔ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺑ رد ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ هﮋﻳو يﺎﻫوﺮﻴﻧ) ) نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 13671367((
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Bioterrorism events may be “ “unnaturally unnaturally
emerging infections emerging infections” ”. .
ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ
ﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
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B.W. Agents Differ from C.W. Agents B.W. Agents Differ from C.W. Agents
Biological Agents Biological Agents
Natural Natural Production difficult Production difficult None volatile None volatile Many toxins more toxic Many toxins more toxic Infectious agents replicate Infectious agents replicate Not dermally active Not dermally active Legitimate medical use Legitimate medical use Odorless and tasteless Odorless and tasteless Diverse pathogenic effects Diverse pathogenic effects Many are effective immunogens Many are effective immunogens Aerosol delivery Aerosol delivery Delayed Onset (Days to Weeks) Delayed Onset (Days to Weeks) A few are contagious A few are contagious
Chemical Agents Chemical Agents
Man Man-
made Production difficult (industrial) Production difficult (industrial) Many volatile Many volatile Less toxic than many toxins Less toxic than many toxins Do not replicate Do not replicate Many are dermally active Many are dermally active No use other than as weapons No use other than as weapons Odor or taste when contaminated Odor or taste when contaminated Fewer types of effects Fewer types of effects Poor immunogens Poor immunogens Mist / droplet / aerosol delivery Mist / droplet / aerosol delivery Rapid Onset (Minutes) Rapid Onset (Minutes) Not Contagious Not Contagious
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Organisms that pose a risk to national Organisms that pose a risk to national security because they: security because they:
Can be easily disseminate
Usually transmitted person-
to-
person
Cause high mortality
Major public health impact
Might cause public panic
Social disruption
Require special action for public health preparedness preparedness
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Variola major
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
Clostridium botulinum
Francisella tularensis
Ebola hemorrhagic fever
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Lassa & Junin
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Are moderately easy to disseminate
Cause moderate morbidity and low mortality mortality
Require specific enhancements of diagnostic capacity and disease diagnostic capacity and disease surveillance surveillance
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Coxiella burnetti
Brucella species
Burkholderia mallei
Alphaviruses
Venezuelan encephalomyelitis
Equine encephalomyelitis
Ricin toxin
Toxin of C. perfringence
Staphylococcus enterotoxin B
SARS CoV ??
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Include emerging pathogens that could be Include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of: future because of:
Availability
Ease of production and dissemination
Potential for high morbidity and mortality
Major health impact
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Nipah virus
Hantaviruses
Tickborne hemorrhagic F
Tickborne encephalitis
Yellow fever
MDR tuberculosis
SARS CoV??
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20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 هرد بت تفير تيلافسنآسوفيتزولسورب Q بتيمرلبوتسكارتنآ يناوتان گرم
يﺪﻤﻋ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا را ﻲﺷﺎﻧ گﺮﻣ و ﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ يﺪﻤﻋ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا را ﻲﺷﺎﻧ گﺮﻣ و ﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ياﺰﺘﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ راﺰﻬﻜﻳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ياﺰﺘﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ راﺰﻬﻜﻳ
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Lethal Lethal/Incapacitating Incapacitating
Anthrax Brucellosis EEE, WEE Bolivian hemor. fever Blastomycosis Influenza/parainfluenza Ebola infection Congo-Crimean hem. fever Venezuelan equine Glanders Saint-Louis encephalitis Epidemic typhus Lassa infection West Nile encephalitis Legionellosis Marburg infection Japanese encephalitis Murine typhus Melioidosis Monkeypox infection Q fever Plague Omsk hemor. fever Rift Valley fever Smallpox Russian S/S encephalitis Cowpox Yellow fever Tularemia Scrub typhus
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Bioagents by Probability of Use Bioagents by Probability of Use as Biological Weapons as Biological Weapons
Very likely to be used Very likely to be used
Smallpox
Plague
Anthrax
Tularemia
Marburg
Melioidosis
Q fever
Typhus
Possible use Possible use
Brucellosis
Japanese encephalitis encephalitis
Yellow fever
Tetanus
Diphtheria
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Epidemiological Pattern of Tularemia Weapon
“Contaminated” zone “I nfected” zone Zone of initial explosion
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Epidemiological Pattern of Anthrax Weapon
“Contaminated” zone “I nfected” zone Zone of initial explosion
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Epidemiological Pattern of Plague Weapon
New foci of secondary infection “Contaminated” zone “I nfected” zone Zone of initial explosion
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Anthrax
(and most others)
Plague Smallpox
Outbreak or Epidemic ?
Day 0
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Plague Smallpox
Outbreak or Epidemic ?
Day 10
Anthrax
(and most others)
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Plague Smallpox
Day 20
Anthrax
(and most others)
Outbreak or Epidemic ?
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Plague Smallpox
Day 30
Anthrax
(and most others)
Outbreak or Epidemic ?
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Plague Smallpox
Day 40
Anthrax
(and most others)
Outbreak or Epidemic ?
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؟نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ؟ تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ؟ﺎﻫ نﺎﺴﻧا ؟نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ؟ تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ؟ﺎﻫ نﺎﺴﻧا
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ﻣاد يﺎﻫ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻣاد يﺎﻫ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙ
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ﻪﻠﺑآ اﺮﻠﻛ زﻮﻠﮕﻴﺷ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓآ ﻲﻛﻮﺧ ﺐﺗ نﺎﻫد و ﺎﭘ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ نﻮﻋﺎﻃ Rinderpest ،نﻮﻋﺎﻃ ،زﻮﻠﺳوﺮﺑ ،ﺲﻛاﺮﺘﻧآ ،ﻲﻣرﻻﻮﺗ ،زﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣوﺪﻴﺋﻮﻳﺪﻴﺴﻛﻮﻛ ﻻﻮﺑا/ زرﺪﻧﻼﮔ،زﻮﻛﺎﺘﻴﺴﭘ ،گرﻮﺑرﺎﻣ ﻲﺒﺳا يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻔﺴﻧآ) ،ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﻲﺋﻼﺋوﺰﻧو ،ﻲﺑﺮﻏ( ، هﺪﻨﻫد يﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺐﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮﻴﺣ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
و ﻲﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑو ﻲﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ
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General population
Animals
Plants
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Host, Agent, Environment Host, Agent, Environment
Population Population Environment Environment Host Host Agent Agent
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Host, Agent, Environment Host, Agent, Environment
Host Agent Environment
Age Sex Race/Ethnicity Religion SES Marital status Lifestyle Exercise Behavior Co-morbidity Genetic makeup Biologic Microorganisms Chemical Toxins, tobacco, alcohol, drugs Physical Trauma, radiation, fire Nutrition Lack of, excess Disease vectors Population density Substances in surroundings and workplace Air quality Weather Noise Food and water sources Special environments:
Hospitals, day-care, institutions, bath houses, crack houses, refugee camps
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و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ـ ب و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ـ ب عﻮﻗو عﻮﻗو(Occurrence) (Occurrence)
1 1 – – ﻲﮕﺘﻔﻬﻧ هرود ﻲﮕﺘﻔﻬﻧ هرود 22 –– ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻴﺳ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻴﺳ 33 ––ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا 44 ––ﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﺪﻧور ﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﺪﻧور 55 –– ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ 66 –– هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ 77 –– ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ 88 ––ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ناﺰﻴﻣ 99 –– ﺖﻳاﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ هرود و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا هﻮﺤﻧ ﺖﻳاﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ هرود و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا هﻮﺤﻧ
50
Typical Incubation Periods
< 1 day
– Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
< 1 week
– anthrax – plague – tularemia – VEE – botulism
> 1 week
– brucellosis – Q fever – Smallpox – EEE/WEE – Viral hemorrhagic fevers – anthrax
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Suspicious transmission pattern transmission pattern
Unusual genetic or molecular patterns molecular patterns
Multiple simultaneous epidemics simultaneous epidemics
Unusual clinical presentation clinical presentation
Unexplained animal deaths animal deaths
Direct evidence of biowarfare munitions
Claims by aggressors and/or prior intelligence by aggressors and/or prior intelligence
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Large unexplained epidemic with similarly with similarly acute patients with an acute patients with an unusual epidemic curve unusual epidemic curve
More severe case of disease than usual with
higher mortality higher mortality, , refractory to treatment refractory to treatment and and usually with respiratory manifestation usually with respiratory manifestation
Multiple diseases in the same patient in the same patient
Unusual geographic, seasonal, or patient geographic, seasonal, or patient distribution distribution
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Some Indicators of Some Indicators of Bioterrorism Events Bioterrorism Events
Point source exposure pattern. exposure pattern.
Compressed epidemic curve. epidemic curve.
Geographic correlates of exposure. correlates of exposure.
High attack rate among exposed. among exposed.
“Exotic Exotic” ” disease for area. disease for area.
Low attack rates in in “ “protected protected” ” areas. areas.
Animals also acquiring disease. also acquiring disease.
56
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻاﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻا ﻪﻴﻟوا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻴﻟوا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ : :
،يداﮋﻧ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺿرا تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ندز ﻦﻣاد زا يراد دﻮﺧ ،يداﮋﻧ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺿرا تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ندز ﻦﻣاد زا يراد دﻮﺧ و ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ و ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ000000
دﻮﺟﻮﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ
57
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻاﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻا ﻪﻴﻟوا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻴﻟوا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ : :
كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ) )ﺎﻫزﻮﻧﻮﺋزﺎﻫزﻮﻧﻮﺋز ( (
ﺎﺑ سﺎـــﻤﺗ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ سﺎـــﻤﺗ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺮﺴﻣ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺮﺴﻣ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺖﺸﺣو و ﺐﻋر يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻤﻫ زوﺮﺑ ﺖﺸﺣو و ﺐﻋر يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻤﻫ زوﺮﺑ
58
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻاﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻا ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ : :
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ نﺎﻣرد ترﻮﺻ رد يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ نﺎﻣرد ترﻮﺻ رد
زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ و يرﺎﻛ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ را يراددﻮﺧ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ و يرﺎﻛ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ را يراددﻮﺧ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﻦــﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا رد ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يﺎﻫدﺎﻀﺗ زوﺮﺑ ﻦــﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا رد ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يﺎﻫدﺎﻀﺗ زوﺮﺑ
59
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻاﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﺟ زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ لﻮﺻا ﻪﻴﺜﻟﺎﺛ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻴﺜﻟﺎﺛ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ : :
60
Elements of Biological Defense
Technical:
Medical:
post-exposure) prophylaxis
61
The Way Ahead
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يﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻲﺘﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑﻲﺘﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ
Horror / anger / panic
Fear of contagion
Fear of invisible agents
Irrational thinking about viruses/microbes
Anger at terrorists, government, or both
Attribution of symptoms to infection
Scapegoating/paranoia/social isolation /paranoia/social isolation
Loss of faith in social/political/ governmental institutions governmental institutions
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ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻲﻧاور ﻲﻧاور(psychoterrorism) (psychoterrorism)
Prevention of group panic
Rapid, careful medical evaluation and treatment and treatment
Avoidance of emotion-
based responses
Control of symptoms due to hyperarousal hyperarousal and and somatization somatization
Effective, credible communication
لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا بﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﺴﻳروﺮﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
1 ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ـ
رد شوﺮﺳ نﺎﺳر مﺎﻴﭘ https://sapp.ir/bioterrorism ﺎﺘﻳا نﺎﺳر مﺎﻴﭘ رد https://eitaa.com/bioterrorism ماﺮﮕﻠﺗ نﺎﺳر مﺎﻴﭘ رد https://t.me/bioterrorism ﻞﮔﻮﮔ ﺖﻳﺎﺳ رد: https://sites.google.com/site/drhatamilibrary3/bioterrorism/bioindex-htm
ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،مود و لوا پﺎﭼ