Passive Fire Protection For the Oil & Gas Industry Passive Fire - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

For the Oil & Gas Industry

What is purpose of fireproofing?

To Save Lives To Preserve Assets To Prevent Escalation

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Flares-Boilers-Fired heaters-Static Electricity-Electrical Motors-Vehicle traffic-Hot Work-Hot Surfaces-Lighting- Overhead High Voltage Lines-Mechanical Sparks, Friction, Impact, Vibration-Chemical Reactions

Passive Fire Protection (PFP) remains unreactive until exposed to heat/fire. PFP materials limits heat absorption by steel structures when exposed to fire for a defined and tested period of time. Typical PFP used in hydrocarbon processing: Passive Fire Protection

• Dense Concrete
• Lightweight Cementitious
• Intumescent Coatings

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Reduction Factor Temperature Degree C

Steel Strength Reduction with Temperature (2% strain) Data approximation from Euro Code 4 graph

Strength reduction

Passive Fire Protection

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TIME(MINS) TEMP(°C) CELLULOSIC CURVE HYDROCARBON CURVE UL 1709 CURVE

2192°F 1832°F 1472°F 1112°F 752°F 392°F 0°F

Dense Concrete is made with Portland cement with gravel and weights 140 to 150 lbs/ft³. Concrete absorbs heat through an endothermic heat reaction.

Passive Fire Protection

Lightweight Concrete (LWC) uses very light aggregate, such as vermiculite or Perlite instead of gravel. Dry densities range from 25 to 80 lbs/ft³. LWC is usually sprayed on , but may be trowelled or formed in-place using reinforcing mesh/lathe.

Passive Fire Protection

Plant Mechanical Damage

Passive Fire Protection

Concealed Heavy Corrosion

Corrosion Under LWC Fireproofing

Passive Fire Protection

Cementitious Fireproofing has no chemical resistance and will degrade in acidic exposure!

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Intumescent mastics expand to several times their volume when exposed to heat, and form a protective insulating char barrier that faces the fire.

Plural Component Spray Units

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

The magnitude of fires are primarily influenced by:

• Fuel type
• Volume of fuel
• Pressure of release

Pool Fire Jet Fire Approx.Temp . (oC) 1100 (2012ºF) 1200 (2192ºF) Typical Heat Flux (kW m-2) 150 – 205

(47,550 to 65,000 Btu ft-2 hr-1

300 – 320

(~100,000 Btu ft-2 hr-1)

Erosion Limited Severe

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Fire ratings are primarily determined by:

1. Time Required to block flows and backflows of fuel that may be released. 2. Response time and capability of fire brigades 3. The availability and flow capacity of an uninterrupted water supply. 4. Time required to engage fixed water spray systems 5. Time required for drainage system to remove spill 6. Evacuation time required

Passive Fire Protection

UL 1709 test W10 X 49 Column

UL 1709 “Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel”

Passive Fire Protection

UL 1709 Performance Criteria

6.1 “The transmission of heat through the protection material during the period of fire exposure for which classification is desired shall not raise the average temperature at any of the four levels of the steel column above 1000°F (538°C) and no thermocouple shall indicate a temperature greater than 1200°F(649°C).”

Passive Fire Protection

UL 1709 Limitations:

• One Test Structure Tested (W10 X 49 H-Section Column)
• One Thickness

– Smaller mass structural members are under protected – Larger mass structural members use more material than required resulting in unnecessary cost and weight

• Failure Temperature 1000°F (50% of steel strength)
• Limited to pool fire…no jet fire calculation data
• Limited to structural steel testing

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Certificates are issued for the following structure types in various Hp/A, W/D, or A/P and critical fail temperatures:

• 1. I Sections
• 2. Structural Hollow Sections
• 3. Steel Decks (Plate Steel Floors)
• 4. Steel Bulkheads (Plate Steel Walls)

Passive Fire Protection Steel Dimensions Affect Heat Absorption

In order for fireproofing systems to meet the requirements

• f

the Risk Assessment, the following must be carefully considered by engineering:

• 1. Pool and/or Jet Fire
• 2. Critical Temperature
• 3. Steel Member: plate, structural, HSS, etc.
• 4. Steel Dimensions

Passive Fire Protection

Passive Fire Protection

Risk Assessment Personnel

Fire Protection Of Assets Requires Collaboration!

Managing Fire Risks Everyone has an important role in saving lives, preserving assets, and preventing escalation!

Passive Fire Protection