DIF SEK PART 4 SOFTWARE FOR FIRE DESIGN DIF SEK Part 4: Software - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DIF SEK PART 4 SOFTWARE FOR FIRE DESIGN DIF SEK Part 4: Software - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DIF SEK PART 4 SOFTWARE FOR FIRE DESIGN DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 0 / 47 Fire design objective Fire design objective R R resistance of the structures submitted to fire resistance of the structures submitted to fire R req R

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DIF SEK

PART 4 SOFTWARE FOR FIRE DESIGN

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R

resistance of the structures submitted to fire

R

resistance of the structures submitted to fire

Rreq

resistance required to the structures for being safe

Rreq

resistance required to the structures for being safe

Fire design objective Fire design objective

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R R Chain of events during a fire Chain of events during a fire

4: Thermal response

time R

5: Mechanical response 6: Possible collapse

time

Θ

2: Thermal action 3: Mechanical actions

Loads Steel columns

1: Ignition Calculation methodologies - Eurocodes Calculation methodologies - Eurocodes

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Rreq Rreq Safety criterion Safety criterion

Rrequired: “R” is assumed to be satisfied where the load bearing function is maintained during the required time of fire exposure. Prescriptive approach: national fire regulations Performance based approach: fire safety engineering

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Fire design software - Classification Fire design software - Classification

The most common classification of them is broken down in five categories:

  • Fire thermal models
  • Fire resistance models
  • Egress models
  • Detector response models
  • Miscellaneous models

R R Rreq

(performance based)

Rreq

(performance based)

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Fire thermal models Fire thermal models

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Fire thermal models Fire thermal models

Fire thermal models Standard temperature – time curve External fire curve Nominal temperature – time curves (Prescriptive rules) Hydrocarbon curve Compartment fires Simplified fire models Localised fires Zone models Natural fires (Performance based rules) Advanced fire models Field models

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Zone models Zone models

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Zone models Zone models

There are two principal types of zone models:

  • Two Zone models: fire compartment considered as divided in two

zones (hot - cold) with homogeneous properties

  • One Zone models: fire compartment considered as a furnace

Q

mp

H ZS ZP

Capa inferior Capa superior

mOUT,U mOUT,L mOUT,L mIN,L

QC QR

mU , TU, VU, EU, ρU mL , TL, VL, EL, ρL p

Z

There are one compartment models (only one compartment) and multi-compartment models (considered several adjoining compartments)

Resolution of equations

  • Mass balance
  • Energy balance
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Zone models - Ozone Zone models - Ozone

Software sheet – general description Name OZone Version 2.2.2 Year 2002 Country Luxembourg Language English System Windows Size 5 MB Authors

  • J. F. Cadorin, J. M. Franssen (Uni. Liège)

L.G. Cajot, M. Haller, J.B. Schleich Organisation Arcelor LCS Research Centre Application field Fire Thermal model - Zone Availability Free – www.ulg.ac.be Free – www.sections.arcelor.com Contact Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com Formulation Based on mass and energy balance equations Short description Model to predict the thermal action of a defined fire. Heat transfer to simple steel elements and time to collapse (ENV 1993-1-2) incorporated

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Ozone - Main menu Ozone - Main menu

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Ozone - Case study Ozone - Case study

Fire scenario: fire in a restaurant at third storey Design fire: fully developed fire - tα growth phase Objective: fire resistance of steel beams (Requirement of R90) Fire compartment definition: Fire area

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Ozone - Input data: Definition of Fire Ozone - Input data: Definition of Fire

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Ozone - Input data: Criteria for switching from 2 zones to 1 zone Ozone - Input data: Criteria for switching from 2 zones to 1 zone

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Ozone - Output Ozone - Output

Switch from 2 zones to 1 zone: 120” (fire governed by ventilation)

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Field models Field models

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Field models Field models

Fire Field Model Fire Model CFD Code +

General description of fire phenomenon. Physical variables description.

CFD Code Types Specific CFD General CFD

Physical models adjusted to fire problems: SOFIE, FDS... More physical models and material properties, selected and adjusted by user to fire modelling: Fluent, CFX,PHOENIX..

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Field models - Fluent Field models - Fluent

Software sheet – general description Name Fluent Version 6.1.22 Year 2004 Country USA Language English System Windows/UNIX Organisation Fluent Inc. Application field Fire Thermal model - Field. Availability Commercial software Contact www.fluent.com Formulation Based on mass and energy balance equations. Short description General purpose CFD

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Fluent - Input data Fluent - Input data

Definition of materials, physical models and boundary conditions is required. Some

  • f them shown in this slide
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Fluent- Output data Fluent- Output data

User friendly pre and post processing, but a deep knowledge on fire engineering and CFD is required.

Examples of post processing Predicted steel temperatures Smoke control: CO concentration Radiation values

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Fire resistance models Fire resistance models

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Fire resistance models (FRM) Fire resistance models (FRM)

Structural design procedure Tabulated data Simple calculation methods Advanced methods Member analysis YES YES YES Analysis of part

  • f the structure

Calculation of mechanical actions and boundaries NO YES (if available) YES Prescriptive based rules Analysis of entire structure Selection of mechanical actions NO NO YES Member analysis NO YES (if available) YES Analysis of part

  • f the structure

Calculation of mechanical actions and boundaries NO NO YES Performance based rules Analysis of entire structure Selection of mechanical actions NO NO YES

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Software sheet – general description Name Elefir Version 2.1 Year 1998 Country Belgium Language English System Windows Size 8 MB Authors

  • D. Pintea, L. Mievis, G. Gustin, J. M.

Franssen Organisation University of Liege Application field Fire resistance model (simplified) Availability Free – www.ulg.ac.be Contact University of Liege - www.ulg.ac.be Formulation Based on ENV 1993-1-2 (eurocode 3) Short description Software for the calculation of the fire resistance of simple steel elements made of open sections.

Simplified FRM - Elefir Simplified FRM - Elefir

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Elefir - Main menu Elefir - Main menu

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Elefir - Input data Elefir - Input data

Load input window Protection input window

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Elefir - Output data Elefir - Output data

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Simplified FRM - Potfire Simplified FRM - Potfire

Software sheet – general description Name Potfire Version 1.11 Year 2001 Country France Language English System Windows Size 15 MB Authors

  • G. Fouquet, G. Tabet, B. Zhao, J.

Kruppa Organisation CTICM, CIDECT, TNO Application field Fire resistance model (simplified) Availability Free – www.cidect.org Contact CIDECT - www.cidect.org Formulation Based on ENV 1994-1-2 Annex G Short description Fire resistance duration of unprotected filled hollow section columns

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Potfire - Main menu/Input-output data Potfire - Main menu/Input-output data

1º 2º 3º 4º

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Simplified FRM - AFCC Simplified FRM - AFCC

Software sheet – general description Name AFCC Version 3.06 Year 2004 Country Luxembourg Language English System Windows Size 2.5 MB Authors

  • H. Colbach

Organisation Arcelor LCS Research Centre Application field Fire resistance model (simplified) Availability Free – www.sections.arcelor.com Contact Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com Formulation Based on ENV 1994-1-2 Short description Composite columns fire design

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AFCC - Main menu/input data AFCC - Main menu/input data

Panel control. Reinforced steel

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AFCC - Output data AFCC - Output data

Results

Write report Drawing detail

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Simplified FRM - AFCB Simplified FRM - AFCB

Software sheet – general description Name AFCB Version 3.07 Year 2004 Country Luxembourg Language English System Windows Size 3 MB Authors

  • H. Colbach

Organisation Arcelor LCS Research Centre Application field Fire resistance model (simplified) Availability Free – www.sections.arcelor.com Contact Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com Formulation Based on ENV 1994-1-2 Short description Composite beams fire design

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AFCB - Main menu / input data AFCB - Main menu / input data

Panel control. Reinforced steel

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AFCB - Output data AFCB - Output data

Results

Write report Drawing detail

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Advanced calculation methods Advanced calculation methods

Pre-processing Post-processing - output reporting

Definition of the structure (finite elements) Material definition (linear/non-linear) Selection of mechanical and thermal actions and boundaries..

Processing - calculation phase The advanced calculation methods have three principal phases

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Advanced FRM - Safir Advanced FRM - Safir

Software sheet – general description Name Safir Version 9.8 Year 2002 Country Belgium Language English System Fortran/Visual Basic Size

  • Authors
  • J. M. Franssen

Organisation University of Liege Application field Fire resistance model (advanced) Availability Commercial software Contact JM.Franssen@.ulg.ac.be Formulation Finite element code Short description Finite element model for the behaviour of the structures in fire.

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Advanced FRM - Ansys Advanced FRM - Ansys

nSoftware sheet – general description Name Ansys Version 8.1 Year 2003 Country U.S.A Language English System

  • Size
  • Authors
  • Organisation

ANSYS Inc. Application field Fire resistance model (advanced) Availability Commercial software Contact Ansys – www.ansys.com Formulation Finite element code Short description General purpose software

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Advanced FRM - Example: Abaqus Advanced FRM - Example: Abaqus

Software sheet – general description Name Abaqus Version 6.3 Year 2003 Country U.S.A Language English System MS-DOS Size

  • Authors

Hibbitt, Krlsson and Sorensen Organisation ABAQUS Inc. Application field Fire resistance model (advanced) Availability Commercial software Contact Abaqus – www.abaqus.com Formulation Finite element code Short description General purpose software

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SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study

Fire scenario: fire in an industrial building Design fire: ISO curve Objective: definition of fire resistance of the whole structure and the influence of the affected zone on the rest of the structure.

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SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study

2D

Deformed shape without amplification (static mode) Axial force - No bigger than the effect of the wind in service condition. Deformed shape without amplification (dynamic mode) Left frame collapse towards inside of the building.

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SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study

3D - With more than one frame without hot purlins

Deformed shape(x10) - The purlins support the frame submitted to fire Deformed shape without amplification Axial load

3D - With more than one frame with hot purlins

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SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study

3D - With more than one frame with hot purlins (Dynamic)

A dynamic analysis allow us to predict the collapse phase

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Egress and detector response models Egress and detector response models

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Egress models - Exodus Egress models - Exodus

Software sheet – general description Name Exodus Version 4.0 Year 2004 Country England Language English System Windows Size

  • Authors
  • E. Galea, St. Gwyne, S. Blake,
  • L. Filippidis

Organisation University of Greenwich Application field Egress model Availability Commercial – www.fseg.gre.ac.uk Contact E.R.Galea@greenwich.ac.uk Formulation

  • Short description

Egress model based on human behaivour

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Egress models - EXODUS Egress models - EXODUS

  • Simulation allow user to asses the level of safety along the

evacuation.

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Egress models - EXODUS Egress models - EXODUS

Simulations can be viewed with the post-processing tool VR-EXODUS Results:

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Detector response models - Jet Detector response models - Jet

Software sheet – general description Name Jet Version 1.0 Year 1999 Country U.S.A Language English System Windows Size 4 MB Authors

  • W. D. Davids

Organisation NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Application field Detector response models Availability Free – www.fire.nist.gov Contact NIST - www.fire.nist.gov Formulation Zone model based on code LAVENT Algorithm for plume centerline temperature Algorithm for ceiling jet depending on smoke layer depth Short description Sprinkler response – Time to activation

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Jet - Main menu / input data Jet - Main menu / input data

Sprinkler properties Vents Parameters Design fire Compartment