Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine Wendy Cadge Brandeis - - PDF document

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Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine

Wendy Cadge Brandeis University www.wendycadge.com (Photo: Muslim Prayer Room, Texas Children’s Hospital)

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Recent Statistics

• 70-85% of Americans regularly pray for good or

better health for themselves or a family member

• 72% believe God can cure people given no

chance of survival by medical science

• 60% of the public and 20% of medical

professionals think someone in a persistent vegetative state can be saved by a miracle (Jacobs, Burns, and Jacobs 2008).

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Fraction of Articles in PubMed Related to Religion/Spirituality

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 1 9 5 1 9 5 5 1 9 6 1 9 6 5 1 9 7 1 9 7 5 1 9 8 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 1 9 9 5 2 2 5 Year

%

• f all P

u b M ed articles

Religion Spirituality Religion or Spirituality

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS www.press.uchicago.edu

While the mode rn s cie nce

• f medicine
• fte

n s e e ms nothing s hort of miraculous , re ligion s till pla ys an important role in the pas t and pres e nt of many hos pitals . Whe n three

• quarte

rs

• f Ame

ricans be lieve tha t God can cure people who ha ve bee n give n little

• r no chance
• f s

urvival by the ir doctors , how do today’s technologically s

• phis

tica te d health care

• rganiza

tions addres s s pirituality and faith? rough a combina tion of interviews with nurs es , doctors , and cha plains acros s the United S ta te s and clos e

• bs

e r- va tion of the ir daily routines , We ndy Cadge takes reade rs ins ide ma jor acade mic me dical ins titutions to explore how toda y’s doctors and hos pitals addres s pra ye r and othe r forms

• f re

ligion and s

• pirituality. From chape

ls to inte ns ive care units to the morgue , hos pital care give rs s peak directly in thes e pages about how re ligion is part of the ir daily work in vis ible and invis ible wa ys . In Pag ing God: Re lig io n in the Halls

• f Me

dic ine , Cadge s hifts a ttention away from the

• ngo-

ing controve rsy about whether faith and s pirituality s hould pla y a role in he alth care and back to the many wa ys tha t thes e powe rful forces already function in healthcare toda y. “From the

• pe

ning narra tive about a Buddhis t monk near dea th to the concluding s tory about a pare nt s e eking pra ye r, Pag ing God is rich with ins ights about the challe nges facing health pra ctitione rs as Ame rica becomes more re ligious ly and ethnically divers e . is is e thnographic res e arch a t its bes

• t. We

ndy Cadge has writte n an impres s ive s tudy tha t s hould be read by eve ryone inte res ted in unders tanding how re ligious dive rs ity is res ha ping our s

• cie

ty.” —ROBERT WUTHNOW, a uthor of Ame ric a and the Challe ng e s

• f Re

lig ious Dive rs ity “Pag ing God is es s e ntial reading for thos e inte res te d in the eve r-s hifting place

• f s

pirituality in Ame rican healthcare and s

• ciety. Wea

ving inte rviews from pa tie nts , s taff, doctors and chaplains into a fas cina ting s tory of the power of re ligion and s pirituality in the lives

• f thos

e s truggling with illnes s and dea th, We ndy Cadge ’s s tudy excels in s cie ntific

• bjectivity—but with s

e ns itivity to the nuanced role

• f re

ligion in the lives

• f people

involved in the hos pital expe ri- e nce .”—HELEN ROS E EBAUGH, Unive rs ity of Hous ton “ e ble nd of his torical, archival res earch, in-de pth inte rviews and participant obs e rva tion, and vis ual analys is

• f

archeology and des ign in Paging God is powe rful, and We ndy Ca dge ’s a tte mpts to make s e ns e

• f this

pe culiar ye t dominant s

• cial world will be

e nthus ias tically re ce ived.”—ELIZABETH M. ARMSTRONG, Princeton Unive rs ity S e e re ve rs e for orde r form.

PAGI NG GOD

Re ligion in the Halls

• f Me

dic ine

W ENDY CADGE

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Chapter Outline for Paging God

• c.1 In the Beginning…a Tour
• c.2 Looking Back: Glimpses of Religion and Spirituality in the History
• f Academic Medical Centers
• c.3 From Symbols to Silence: The Design and Use of Hospital

Chapels

• c.4 Wholeness, Presence and Hope: The Perspectives of Hospital

Chaplains

• c.5 Essential or Optional? How Hospitals Shape Chaplains’

Professional Tasks

• c.6 Spirituality and Religion in Intensive Care: Staffs’ Perspectives

and Professional Responses

• c.7 Why Sickness and Death? Religion and Spirituality in the Ways

Intensive Care Unit Staff Make Meaning

• c.8 Managing Death: The Personal and Institutional “Dirty Work” of

Chaplains

• c.9 Conclusions, Looking Forward

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Cadge, Wendy and M. Daglian. 2008. “Blessings, Strength, and Guidance: Prayer Frames in a Hospital Prayer Book” Poetics 36: 358-373.

• Page of prayers

All photos and tables in this talk are used with permission. Details and notes are in Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine

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Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine

Wendy Cadge Brandeis University www.wendycadge.com (Photo: Muslim Prayer Room, Texas Children’s Hospital)

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Religious Distribution of U.S. Population (2007) and Association for Professional Chaplains, National Association for Catholic Chaplains and National Association for Jewish Chaplains (2010) Religion % of U.S. population % of combined APC, NACC, NAJC members Evangelical Protestant 26.3 12.5 Mainline Protestant 18.1 31.8 Catholic 23.9 43.2 Historically Black Churches 6.9 1.1 Mormon 1.7 <1.0 Orthodox .6 <1.0 Jewish 1.7 9.7 Muslim .6 <1.0 Buddhist .7 <1.0 Hindu .4 <1.0 Jehovah’s Witness .7 <1.0 Other Faiths <1.8 <1.0 Unaffiliated 16.1 Don’t Know .8

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Table 1. Chaplaincy Service in U.S. Hospitals Year Total Hospitals Reporting Hospitals Hospitals Reporting Chaplaincy Service % of reporting hospitals with chaplaincy 1954 6049 4036 66.7% 1966 2914 41% 1972 7097 3038 43% 1980 6,965 6,277 3,643 58.0% 1981* 6,933 6,276 3,371 53.7% 1982 6,915 6,277 3,499 55.7% 1983 6,888 6,353 3,670 57.8% 1984 6,872 6,302 3,817 60.6% 1985 6,872 6,304 4,000 63.5% 1992 6,539 5,916 3,175 53.7% 1993 5,789 3,398 58.7% 2002 5,794 4,876 2,581 52.9% 2003 5,764 4,946 2,934 59.3% 2004 5,759 4,854 2,954 60.8% 2005 5,756 4,852 2,999 61.8% 2006 5,747 4,836 3,076 63.6% 2007 5,708 4,899 3,102 63.3% 2008 5,815 4,862 3,136 64.5% 2009 5,795 4,759 3,089 64.9%

Table 2. Membership in Professional Chaplaincy Organizations and Percentage of Members Certified as Professional Chaplains Over Time Year AMHC APHA/ College of Chaplains APC NACC NAJC 1945 n/a n/a n/a 1950 n/a n/a n/a 1955 341 n/a n/a n/a 1960 390 n/a n/a n/a 1965 551 566 n/a n/a 1970 781 n/a 784 (53%) n/a 1975 558 (46%) n/a 1630 (69%) n/a 1980 1470 (61%) n/a 2267 n/a 1985 1682 n/a 3222 (69%) n/a 1990 239 (35%) 1899 (67%) n/a 3520 (62%) n/a 1995 176 (44%) 2617 (63%) n/a 3547 (70%) 211 (38%) 2000 n/a n/a 3472 (59%) 3455 (69%) 410 (20%) 2005 n/a n/a 3782 (71%) 3154 (74%) 584 (16%) 2010 n/a n/a 4072 (75%) 2625 (73%) 601 (18%)

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Chaplaincy Service in U.S. Hospitals (1980 - 2003)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1992 1993 2002 2003

(Source: Cadge, Wendy, Jeremy Freese, and Nicholas Christakis.

• 2008. “Hospital Chaplaincy in the United States: A National Overview.”

Southern Medical Journal. 101(6):626-630.)