On Your Desk Religion Research Project Unit 5 Notebook UNIT 5: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

On Your Desk

• Religion Research Project
• Unit 5 Notebook

UNIT 5: Religion

Chapter 7

What Role does Religion Play in Culture?

Key Question:

Question 1

• What is religion? What is Secularism?

Define and explain both terms.

• What is the difference between

monotheistic, polytheistic, and Animistic religions? Define and give examples of these terms.

• What is a reason

for the decline in Christianity in the U.S, but a an increase in Non- Christian/secular beliefs?

What religion will increase the most in followers by 2050?

Religion: A system of beliefs and

practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. Perceived ultimate priorities : a list of things a follower “should” do and ways a follower “should” behave.

Classifications of Religions

Monotheistic religions – worship a single deity (god). EX: Christianity, Islam, Judaism

• Polytheistic religions:

– worship more than

• ne deity (god), even

thousands.

• Ex

Ex: : Hin indu duism ism, , Mah ahayana ayana Buddhi ddhism, sm, Con

• nfuc

fucianism, ianism, Tao aois ism, m, Shint intoism

• ism

Animistic religions – the belief that inanimate

• bjects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and
• ther elements of natural landscape, possess

souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth. EX: Native American Tribes

Indigenous Religions

• Belief systems practiced and passed from

generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group.

– Indi digenous nous = produced, growing, living, or

• ccurring naturally in a particular region
• r environment.

EX EX: : Fol

• lk

k Cul ultur tures es (E (Ex. . Nat ativ ive e Ame meri rica can n Tribes ibes)

Tay Ninh is where Vietnam’s indigenous religions – Caodaism is located.

Eth thnic nic re relig ligion ions s – religions whose

adherents are born into the faith and whose members do not actively seek converts.

Shamanism

• Ethnic religion where

communities follow a Shaman(a religious leader/teacher)

– Strongest in Africa, and the Amazon and in parts of Mexico and Guatemala

Hinduism

(ethnic religion)

Originated: In Indus River Valley(Pakistan) over 4000 years ago. Core Beliefs: Ritual bathing, karma, reincarnation, many deities Sacred Text: Vedas Sacred Sites: Ganges River (India) Diffusion: Through South Asia and into Southeast Asia

Caste System

• The strict social

segregation on ancestry

• Specifically in India’s

Hindu society.

• Recently, lessening

influence

Four Main Classes - Varnas

• Kashi

hi Vishw hwana anath th Templ ple in Varanasi ranasi, , Indi dia: – Towers with stepped sides and carved in faces of deities

Confucianism

Originated: In China about 2500 years ago Core Belief: Real meaning of life lays in the present, service to one’s fellow humans Founder: Confucius Sacred Text: “Confucian Classics” Diffusion: East Asia, Southeast Asia

Judaism (ethnic)

Originated: In Southwest Asia about 3000-4000 years ago. Core Beliefs: Oldest monotheistic religion, covenant between God (one God) and Abraham (the chosen people) Sacred Text: Torah Founder: Abraham Sacred Sites: Jerusalem (Western Wall), land between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River Diffusion: Into European cities during the Diaspora, into N. America during WWII, into Israel over last 50 years

Diaspora(To Disperse)

• Describes the forced or voluntary dispersal
• f a large scale of people from their

homeland to a new place.

Jewish Diaspora

• The original Diaspora occurred after the Roman

destruction of Jerusalem in 66-70 CE.

• Jews dispersed north into Central Europe and across

North Africa and Spain.

Zionism

• The movement to unite the Jewish people of the

Diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land.

– Opposes the assimilation of Jews into other societies. – Advocated the return of Jews to Israel.

Un Univ iver ersal saliz izin ing g re reli ligi gions ns – religions that

actively seek converts because members believe they offer belief systems of universal appropriateness and appeal.

Buddhism

(universalizing)

Originated: Splintered from Hinduism 2500 years ago. Originated in a region from Nepal south to the Ganges River area. Core Beliefs: Anyone can achieve salvation, reach enlightenment Founder: Siddartha (the Buddha) Sacred Sites: Stupas Diffusion: Most strongly into Tibet in the north and into East Asia

Christianity

(universalizing)

Originated: In Southwest Asia about 2000 years ago. Core Beliefs: Monotheistic religion, follow teachings of Jesus to achieve eternal life Sacred text: Bible Founder: Jesus (son of God) Sacred Sites: Bethlehem, Jerusalem Diffusion: Into Western Europe, and then world wide during colonialism and after.

Primary Branches of Christianity

• Roman Catholic(1054)

– Largest, 830 million, Vatican City, Pope – 21% of U.S Christians

• Eastern Orthodox Christianity (1054)

– Eastern Europe & Russia

• Protestant Christians (16th Century)

– 25% all Christians Globally – 46.6% Of Christians in the U.S

Religious Landscapes in the United States

Identify 3 patterns and explain reasons behind both.

Islam

(universalizing)

Originated: Mecca, Saudi Arabia about 1500 years ago. Core Beliefs: Monotheistic (Allah), revelations Muhammad received from Allah, Five Pillars. Sacred Text: Qu’ran Founder: Muhammad (prophet) Sacred Sites: Mecca(Saudi Arabia), Medina(Saudi Arabia), Jerusalem(Israel) Diffusion: Across Arabian peninsula, across North Africa, into Spain and also east into Southeast Asia

Sharia law:

• The system of Islamic law.
• Unlike most Western systems of law that

are based on legal precedence, Sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation

• f the Qur'an.
• Ex: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen

Theocracy

• A government run by a religion

EX: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City

Question 2

• Explain the divide between Sunni and Shi’ite
• Muslims. Why did the religion split and what

are some of the differences in religious

• practice. How this divide does affects Islamic

countries today? (ex. Any current conflicts?)

Major split in Islam

Shortly after Muhammad’s death(632 CE), split into

• 1. Sunni Muslims (the majority, 85%)

– Bangladesh and Pakistan

• 2. Shi’ite Muslims (15%, Direct Descendents)

– Caliphate (direct successor) – Iraq, Afghanistan, and Iran

Do We Look Like Terrorists to You?

1. Explain what happened to Irum Ali that reflects many Americans reactions/attitudes towards Muslim-Americans. 2. Why do many Americans view Islam as a religion of violence? Explain. 3. How can we change negative perceptions about Islam in America? 4. What do many Americans assume about a Muslim woman wearing a Hijab? How is this different than the reality of the situation? 5. How many believers of Islam are their globally and what region is their almost a billion Muslims? 6. What is the difference between a Chador, Hijab, and a Burka? 7. What is the reaction of Muslim-Americans to the myth that Islam promotes terrorism? 8. What are some of the motivations behind why some Muslims are turning towards violence and listening to terrorist leaders? Are there any connections between these motivations and the United States? 9. Explain TWO encouraging signs of acceptance of Islam in America presented in the Article? 10. On the choropleth map on the last page, answer questions 1, 4, 6, 9, and 10 below the map.

Sacred Sites:

• Places or spaces people infuse with

religious meaning.

Pilgrimage:

• Purposeful travel to a religious site to pay

respects or participate in a ritual at the site.

Roman Catholic: Vatican City – Sacred site

Hinduism: Ganges River

Death Along the Ganges River

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEOB

W1PvMqo

• The Kaaba (Islam's most sacred mosque)

Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

Sacred Sites of Jerusalem

Jerusalem is sacred to three major religions:

• Judaism (Western Wall)
• Christianity (Church of the Holy Sepulchre)
• Islam (Dome of the Rock)

Buddhist Temples/Shrines

• Stupas

pas: Dome or tower, bell-shaped structures that protect burial mounds-a type of Buddhist shrine. (Nepal & Tibet) Pagoda: tower style with several levels that features winged roofs (East Asia)

Buddhist Stupas :

72 stupas, each containing a sculpture of the Buddha in meditation were built around 800 CE and still stand in Borobudur, Indonesia.

Protestant churches – less

• rnate – focus on simple

worship

Muslim Mosques: Dome of this mosque in Isfahan, Iran demonstrates the importance of geometric art evident in Muslim architecture.

• Synagogues: no typical style

– Western/Wai rn/Wailing ling Wall in Jerusalem most sacred

Western Wall, Jerusalem

Question 3

• What are sacred sites? Explain and give

examples of Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism’s impacts on the landscape.

Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism

Religious fundamentalism:

• A return to the basics of their faith found in

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

• Fear change, modernization, and loss of

influence.

• Fear mass media/education undermining

teachings

Fundamentalism

• Christian

– Bible prophesies a second coming Christ

• Jewish

– Jewish people are granted unalienable rights to the entire land do Israel.

• Muslim

– Reject modernity and the western influence that has perverted their society

• Fundamentalism carried to the point of
• violence. Found in Christianity, Judaism, and

Islam.

• EX: Jewish extremists argue that

Palestinians have 3 choices: flee, accept Jewish rule, or fight. Religious extremism:

Jihad "to struggle”

• Two commonly accepted meanings of

jihad: – An inner spiritual struggle by a believer to fulfill his religious duties. OR – the idea of an armed struggle against persecution and oppression. Islamic extremists have declared an Islamic “holy war” against the West

Realities

• The Qur'an does not sanction war or killing

(except for self-defense) and does not sanction suicide.

– Extremists distort the basic tenets of the religion to justify the unjustifiable (ex. Suicide bombers).

ISIS Explained in 3 Minutes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0M4

1Chji6o

Question 4

Explain the difference between an intrafaith conflict and an interfaith conflict .What is the African transition zone –explain and give examples of current or recent armed conflicts in the zone.

Interfaith Boundaries: Boundaries between the world’s major faiths.

• Example: India and Pakistan: Pakistan (once part of

India) and India have been conflicting over control of the northern territory known as Jammu and Kashmir.

– What two religions in conflict?

• Nigeria (Islam vs. Christianity): Islam in northern regions

and Christianity prevails in the south.

Africa: Christian-Muslim interfaith boundary

Question 5

Write a summary of the Israeli and Palestinian conflict (at least a paragraph). Write a summary of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia (at least a paragraph). Explain if these are intrafaith or interfaith conflicts.

• Intrafaith Boundaries: Boundaries

within a single major religion.

Examples:

• Ir

Iraq aq: : Sunni nni Is Isla lam m vs.

• s. Shiite

iite Is Isla lam –After fall of Sunni Gov.(Saddam Hussein), Sunnis and Shiites war for control of Iraq.

• United States: Christian Fundamentalism and

liberal Christianity –Political–cultural issues: evolution and abortion

Northern Ireland: The Troubles

• Political and Religious violent conflict in

Northern Ireland(1966 – 1998)

• Conflict was between minority

Catholics and majority Protestants.

• British colonialism deposited large numbers
• f Protestants in traditionally Catholic

Northern Ireland.

• Catholics wanted Northern Ireland to re-

unify under the Irish government

• Protestants wanted to remain under the

control of the British

Question 11

CURRENT EVENT: Locate a current events article (occurring within the past year) from a newspaper, news site (ex. NPR or BBC), or news magazine that relates to

• religion. The event must be outside the United States.

You will write two paragraphs:

• Paragraph one (4-6 Sentences) will explain the

event – the who, what, where, why and when.

• Paragraph two (4-6 Sentences) will draw connections

between the event and FIVE Terms from Unit 5.

Rise of Secularism

• Secularism – Indifference to or rejection of
• rganized religious affiliations and ideas.
• Found in Western Democracies : separation of

government and religion

– In 2014, 22.5 % of U.S. population, up from 16% in 2007

• Where is secularism on the rise and NOT of the rise? Explain