Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research Eric Toone, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
overview of arpa e a new paradigm in energy research
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research Eric Toone, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 13, 2024 104 likes •280 views

Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research Eric Toone, PhD ARPA-E Deputy Director of Technology Role of Information Sciences and Engineering in Sustainability Workshop February 3, 2011 Creation & Launching of ARPA-E 2009

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Overview of ARPA-E: A New Paradigm in Energy Research

Eric Toone, PhD ARPA-E Deputy Director of Technology

Role of Information Sciences and Engineering in Sustainability Workshop February 3, 2011

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Creation & Launching of ARPA-E

2006 Rising Above the Gathering Storm (National Academies) 2007 America COMPETES Act 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ($400M appropriated for ARPA-E)

President Obama launches ARPA-E at National Academies

  • n April 27, 2009

Innovation based on science and engineering will be primary driver

  • f our future prosperity & security

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Reduce Energy- Related Emissions Improve Energy Efficiency

ARPA-E’s Mission

To enhance the economic and energy security of the U.S. To ensure U.S. technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies

Reduce Energy Imports

3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

!"#$%& '

'

!(')*++,))(*-.'/012,+3'+1*-4'567,8 '

  • ! 9:;5':</6+3'1='$>#$?@'

<:)):1='60,6)

'

  • ! A60;,'+1<<,0+:6-'6//-:+6B1=

'

C>@$D&9>EFG9'&@%9HEAEGI'

'

&,+5=1-1;:,)'35638''

  • !'J1'=13',K:)3':='3146LM)',=,0;L'<60N,3'
  • !'$0,'=13'2*)3':=+0,<,=36-'

:</017,<,=3)O'+1*-4'<6N,'3146LM)' 3,+5=1-1;:,)'1P)1-,3,'

$JJ!&!EH$A!&I'

  • ! J:Q+*-3'31'<17,'(10R604'

R:351*3'$>#$?@'(*=4:=;'

  • ! C*3'6P-,'31'6S06+3'+1)3')560,'

6=4'(1--1R?1='(*=4:=;'

  • ! H13'6-0,64L'P,:=;'0,),60+5,4'

10'(*=4,4'PL'135,0)'

#@E#A@'

  • !'C,)3?:=?+-6))'/,1/-,'
  • !'&,6<)'R:35'P135')+:,=B)3)'6=4'

,=;:=,,0)'

  • !'C0:=;)'=,R'/,1/-,.'36-,=3'6=4')N:--'

),3)'31',=,0;L'>TJ'

What is an ARPA-E Project?

4

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Funding Breakdown

UUV' UWV' XYV' ZV' XV' F=:7,0):3L' [<6--'C*):=,))' A60;,'C*):=,))' H6B1=6-'A6P' H1=?/01\3'

Project Breakdown by Lead Organization Type (% based on award value)*

*Total Value of Awards = $357 million

5

slide-6
SLIDE 6

FOA Round 1

!! ARPA-E’s First Funding Opportunity

–! Announced April 2009, Selections Oct 2009 –! 3,700 proposals to 37 project selections ($151M)

!! As ARPA-E’s inaugural program, this funding opportunity was open to all energy ideas and technologies, but focused on applicants who already had well-formed research and development plans for potentially high-impact concepts or new technologies

UWYY' >,+,:7,4' ]*--'$//-:+6B1='#56),'' #6=,-' >,7:,R)' UW'#012,+3)' ^67;_'`a"b' ^X?U'L,60)b' ]:=6-'[,-,+B1=' %1=+,/3'#6/,0'#56),' >,7:,R' UcX' @=+1*06;,4' ]*--'' $//-:+6B1=)'

6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

ARPA-E FOA 1 projects can be categorized into one of ten energy technology areas

Energy Storage Biomass Energy

FOA 1 6projects 5projects 5projects

VBR Power Systems

Carbon Capture

5projects 4projects

Solar Fuels Vehicle Technologies

5projects

Renewable Power

3projects

Building Efficiency

2projects

Waste Heat Capture

1project

Water

1project

Conventional Energy

slide-8
SLIDE 8

8

Large-scale energy reductions through sensors, feedback, & information technology - Stanford University

Multidisciplinary project to improve the interface between humans and energy sensing technologies such as smart meters

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Examples of the research thrusts

Understanding human motivations to save energy Quantifying effects of TED feedback on energy use (PowerMeter)

Data from Google kWh Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Mon Sun

Improving disaggregation algorithms for appliance-specific feedback

Data from Plugwise 9

slide-10
SLIDE 10

ARPA-E Programs

Electrofuels BEEST IMPACCT ADEPT BEETIT GRIDS FOA1

10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Photosynthesis Biomass EtOH Advanced biofuels Algae Pyrolysis

  • ils

Biodiesel Advanced biofuels Electrons/ Reducing equivalents Syngas CH3OH CH4 Advanced fuels? Chemical Catalysis Biological Catalysis Advanced Fuels

Electrofuels program seeks to address U.S. oil dependence more efficiently than other biofuels

11

slide-12
SLIDE 12

12

Batteries for Electrical Energy Storage for Transportation (BEEST)

The Need: Development of novel battery storage technologies that enable U.S. manufacturing leadership in the next generation of high performance, low cost EV batteries. Example areas of interest

  • !Advanced Lithium-ion batteries that exceed

energy density of traditional Li-ion systems

  • !Li-sulfur battery approaches that address the

low cycle life and high self-discharge of existing state of the art technology

  • !Metal air battery approaches that address the

low cycle life, low power density, and low round trip efficiency of current approaches

System Level Now BEEST Goals Multiple Energy Density (Wh/kg) 100 200 2X Cost ($/kWh) 1000 250 4X

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Innovative Materials & Processes for Advanced Carbon Capture Technologies (IMPACCT)

DOE’s CO2 Capture Goals:

35% increase in the levelized cost of electricity for 90% CO2 capture

  • ! ~25-30% parasitic power load on a coal-fired power plant
  • ! Cost of Capture: $70-100/ton CO2
  • ! Levelized cost of electricity increases by ~80%

Post Combustion Oxy-fuel Pre Combustion Pipelines Tankers Saline Aquifers EOR Deep Sea

~80% of CCS capital costs arise from the capture process

Transport Capture Storage

13

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Automotive

'

Photovoltaics

Indu

'

Distribution & Transmission Automotive Lighting Industrial

Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology (ADEPT)

>13 kV, 50kHz SiC transistors

14

14

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Building Energy Efficiency Through Innovative Thermodevices (BEETIT)

  • !Current refrigerants have GWP
  • ver 1000 x of CO2

Achieve COP > 4 for GWP ! 1

Source: Velders et al, PNAS 106, 10949 (2009)

Global CO2 and HFC emissions

Year Emissions (GtCO2-eq yr-1) 60 50 40 30 20 10 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 GWP-weighted (100-yr) HFC range high low 450 ppm 550 ppm

Reduce primary energy consumption by ~ 40 - 50%

40 80 120 160 200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Primary Energy (kJ/kg)

COP_Vapor-compression Primary energy use

Current systems Desiccants Vapor compression

Target

Theoretical limit = exergy

Theory Limit=cooling & gas separation

15

slide-16
SLIDE 16

16

Grid-Scale Rampable Intermittent Dispatchable Storage (GRIDS)

Renewables Today Storage for Renewables Tomorrow

Goal: Grid storage that is dispatchable and rampable ARPA-E Focus: Transformational approaches to energy storage to enable wide deployment at very low cost Need: Innovative Technologies for Cost-Effective Energy Storage

Solar PV in AZ (TEP) 80% Change in 5 min Wind in OR (BPA) 1 GW Change in 1 hr

1 Day 1 Day

Problem: Minutes-to-Hours Changes in Power

kW MW

Limited Sites Cost Target

Pumped Hydro Underground Compressed Air New Technologies

2-5X Lower

1hr 10min Minimum Response Time Seconds Minutes

Energy Storage Costs ($/kWh)

$10 $100 $1000 $100 $1K $10K

Power Based Cost ($/kW)

16

slide-17
SLIDE 17

!"#!$%&'%()*+,+-.&/)+0(!/%& Feb 28-March 2, 2011 Washington, DC

&,+5=1-1;L'[51R+6),'

  • ! !"#!$%&'()*+*&,+-.)/0/12+34&

!56&

  • ! '2)7023,3&,.7,&!"#!$%&-/(0*&

)/,&8()*&

  • !X'<1=35)'/0,/606B1='
  • !cWYY'6S,=4,,)'
  • !!=3,;06B=;'0,-,76=3'+1<<*=:B,)'
  • ! 9-2+):3,3&;&+)12)++<3&
  • ! =+-.)/0/1>&+),<+?<+)+(<3&
  • ! @,.+<&6@%&@A-+3&7)*&8+*+<70&71+)-2+3&
  • ! B)C+3,/<3&
  • ! 9,7,+&7)*&<+12/)70&-0+7)&,+-.&2)-(D7,/<3&
  • ! E.2,+&F/(3+G&H/)1<+33&7)*&?/02->&I7J+<3&

17