Lithium Ion Battery - Opportunities and Challenges for Submarines - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lithium Ion Battery - Opportunities and Challenges for Submarines - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 08, 2023 133 likes •388 views

This document and the information contained herein is the property of Saab AB and must not be used, disclosed or altered without Saab AB prior written consent. Lithium Ion Battery - Opportunities and Challenges for Submarines UDT 2019-05-14

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

This document and the information contained herein is the property of Saab AB and must not be used, disclosed or altered without Saab AB prior written consent.

Lithium Ion Battery - Opportunities and Challenges for Submarines

Anders Wikström Saab Kockums

UDT 2019-05-14

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Agenda

  • Background
  • Opportunities
  • Challenges
  • Ongoing project

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Background

  • Lead acid batteries has been used for energy

storage in submarines for more than a century

  • The long experience has learnt us to operate the

batteries in a safe way by auxiliary systems and proper operating methods

  • Li-ion compared to lead acid
  • Higher volumetric and gravimetric energy

density

  • Longer life time
  • Lower maintenance
  • Available power independent of state of

charge

  • Available energy independent of discharge

power

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Market trends

  • The continuous electrification of the society

increases the need for energy storage

  • New battery factories are being built to meet

the ever increasing need

  • Li-ion battery cost decreases while the energy

density increases

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Source: IEA, Global EV outlook 2017

Cost Energy density

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Opportunities for submarines

  • Increased energy storage
  • Increased endurance
  • If replacing lead acid, the endurance can

be maintained with a smaller battery. Freed up volume can be used for increased storage of diesel and LOX to increase AIP endurance

  • Higher performance
  • Better energy efficiency, lower indiscretion

ratio

  • Full performance available at lower state
  • f charge

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Range Speed

Battery Endurance Li-Ion/Lead-Acid

Li-Ion Lead-Acid

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Opportunities for submarines

  • Decreased maintenance
  • No gas charging
  • No water filling, cleaning, manual

measurements…

  • Longer lifetime
  • Fewer battery replacements
  • Higher availability of the submarine

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Challenges for submarines, safety

  • Cell faults can cause emissions of explosive

and/or poisonous gasses and a large amount

  • f thermal energy
  • Faults caused by external abuse (electrical,

thermal, mechanical) can be mitigated by management and protection systems and packaging…

  • …but internal faults can not
  • Even though the probability of a fault

might be low, the consequences can be devastating in the submarine’s enclosed environment

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Challenges for submarines, safety

  • Demonstrating safety for a full life cycle of a

submarine is not practical and would come at a high cost, and the cell would probably be

  • bsolete after the test
  • The system must be fault tolerant
  • The consequences from a cell fault must

be managed

  • Propagation of faults must be prevented
  • Emissions to the submarine’s atmosphere

must be avoided

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Challenges for submarines, electrical

  • Short circuit currents for Li-ion cells are much

higher than for lead acid, and have shorter rise times

  • The breakers used today on submarines does

not provide sufficient breaking capability

  • New design of protection system is required,

providing selective clearance of faults

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Challenges for submarines, summary

  • An intricate optimization problem to find a

system design that

  • provide attractive capability enhancements
  • can be integrated into a submarine and

maintain an acceptable level of safety and complexity

  • fulfills submarine specific requirements, i.e.

shock and signatures

  • can continuously leverage of the ongoing

cell development

  • can be maintained during the long service

life of a submarine

  • can be realized to an acceptable through life

cost

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Ongoing project

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Ongoing project

  • Saab Kockums has an ongoing project

developing a lithium ion battery suitable for installation on a conventional submarine

  • The project is funded by FMV
  • A strong project team has been formed

together with PMB Defence (AU) and EST- Floattech (NL)

  • This integrated systems team approach

ensures complete coverage of cell research, technology selection, battery system design, submarine integration, operational analysis and commercial longevity for low cost of

  • wnership

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Project setup

  • FMV
  • Project owner
  • Design authority
  • Operational analysis
  • Saab Kockums
  • Overall project lead
  • System requirements
  • Submarine integration

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

PMB Defence

  • 30-year history of manufacturing lead acid

batteries for Australia’s Collins class submarines

  • Has conducted research and development

activities on new technology batteries, such as Li-ion, for many years

  • Responsible for module design and

integration

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

EST-Floattech

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Project objectives

  • Design and build a battery system based on a

standard format, commercially available cell and an existing battery management system

  • The system's performance shall be

significantly superior to the available lead acid submarine batteries

  • The system shall be possible to integrate on

both existing as well as future submarines, and be able to utilize the ongoing improvements in cell chemistry and energy density without major re-design

  • Acceptable safety level and life cycle cost

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Fundamental design decisions

  • The cell shall be of a well-used standard

format

  • The system must be tolerant to a worst case

single cell fault

  • The emissions from such a fault shall be

contained, and not released into the submarine's atmosphere

  • A single cell fault shall not cause a cascading

fault

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Standardized cell format

  • Using a standardized cell format gives a larger

freedom in choosing the appropriate cell

  • Multiple possible suppliers and chemistries
  • The cell can be changed without major re-

design of the system

  • Cell improvements can be included in later

stages, as long as thermal safety limits are met

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Performed testing

  • Cell characterization
  • Abuse testing
  • Cycle-life tests
  • Propagation prevention
  • Faults triggered in various positions inside

module to ensure that adjacent cells are protected against thermal stress and ejected material

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Thermal design

  • Through careful and innovative use of design

and materials, the released energy can be absorbed and propagation to adjacent cells avoided

  • Thermal management during the fault is

handled within the module and not dependent

  • n external systems

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Thermal runaway on single cell

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Measured temperatures

Thermal runaway inside sub- module

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Demonstrator system

  • A demonstrator system has been built and

tested at PMB's premises in South Australia

  • Integrates the cell, packaging and EST’s BMS

and is supervised by Saab Kockums Ship Control and Monitoring System

  • Charge and discharge rates representative of

a submarine have been run at different temperatures

  • The results show that the designed system

can be integrated, meets the functional and performance requirements, and provides the predicted energy density

  • Approximately 3 times lead acid for high

power, 2 times for low power

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Range Speed

Endurance Li-Ion/Lead-Acid/AIP

Li-Ion Lead-Acid AIP

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Next steps

  • Next project phase is progressing and

includes

  • Design optimizations
  • Further integration studies
  • Comprehensive long-time test program
  • Design of large scale land based test site

for system qualification before sea-trials

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Full scale qualification to be performed before customer acceptance

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COMPANY UNCLASSIFIED | NOT EXPORT CONTROLLED | NOT CLASSIFIED Anders Wikström 01-41037471-000-00

Questions?

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