Ornithodira Crurotarsi Crown-clade Archosauria Basal archosaurs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ornithodira Crurotarsi Crown-clade Archosauria Basal archosaurs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 19, 2024 526 likes •926 views

Pterosauria Dinosauria Crocodylomorpha Rauisuchia Ornithosuchidae Ornithodira Crurotarsi Crown-clade Archosauria Basal archosaurs Archosauria Tanystropheus Prolacertiform Basal archosaur? Maybe... or it split off before archosauria

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Archosauria Crown-clade Archosauria Ornithodira

Crurotarsi Ornithosuchidae Pterosauria Dinosauria “Rauisuchia” Crocodylomorpha Basal archosaurs

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Basal archosaur? Maybe... or it split off before archosauria

Tanystropheus Prolacertiform Archosauria prolacertiform? Archosauromorpha

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Archosauria: synapomorphies Antorbital fenestra (in front of eye) Teeth with serrated margins Mandibular fenestra

Proterosuchus Basal Archosaur

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Euparkeria (Facultative biped)

Derived, Basal Archosaur Bony dermal plates down back

Faculatative biped vs. Obligate biped

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Stances: sprawling <=> semi-erect <=> erect aquatic <=> terrestrial

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Rauisuchians

  • Pillar-Erect Posture

Locomotion (Pelvis)

Buttress-Erect Ornithodirans Mammals

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Archosauria Crown-clade Archosauria Ornithodira

Crurotarsi Ornithosuchidae “Rauisuchia” Crocodylomorpha Basal archosaurs

Pillar-Erect Buttress-Erect Buttress-Erect

Locomotion: Pelvic/Hind leg conditions:

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Digitigrade vs. Plantigrade Barrel-like articulation Constrained ‘twisting’ motion to the plane parallel with its body

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astragalus calcaneum PM: Primitive Metatarsal CN: Crocodyle Normal Crocodylomorphs/Rauisuchians CR: Crocodyle Reversed Ornithosuchids AM: Advanced Mesotarsal Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs Hinge Hinge Rotation Rotation Proterosuchus

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The importance of a twisting ankle for animals with sprawling-erect posture

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The importance of a twisting ankle for animals with sprawling-erect posture

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Archosauria Crown-clade Archosauria Ornithodira

Crurotarsi Ornithosuchidae “Rauisuchia” Crocodylomorpha Basal archosaurs

Pillar-Erect Rotation Buttress-erect* Rotation Buttress-erect Rotation Buttress-erect Hinge Sprawling/Semi-erect Hinge buttress-erect = parasagittal

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Crocodylomorpha Late Triassic Terrestrisuchus Saltoposuchus BIPEDAL!/TERRESTRIAL! Saltoposuchus Terrestrisuchus

Buttress-erect* Rotation A return to aquatic environments was more recent for crocodylomorphs

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Ornithodira Dinosauria Pterosauria

(later)

Saurischia Ornithischia

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Dinosaur expansion: multiple models

Competitive Replacement Scenario (Gradual) Opportunistic Scenario (Abrupt)

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DINOSAURS

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Dinosaur synapomorphies

A) Crest on humerus B) Shelf on top surface of ilium C) Perforated acetabulum D) Tibia w/ expanded end E) Ascending astragular process on front surface of tibia

(parasagittal stance)

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DINOSAURS

Herrerosaurus Lagosuchus Heterodontosaurus

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Eoraptor Herrerosaurus Pisanosaurus Basal Dinosaurs Coelophysis

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Ornithischians!

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‘Cheeky’ saurs

Lesothosaurus

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Heterodontosaurus

Shared, derived traits of skull Predentary Low jaw joint Palpebral bone: EAGLE EYE! Deep set cheek teeth Head Tail Hip shared, derived, trait ‘Opisthopubic pelvis’

Basal Ornithodiran condition

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Heterodontosaurus

Shared, derived traits of skull Predentary Low jaw joint Palpebral bone: EAGLE EYE! Deep set cheek teeth Head Tail Hip shared, derived, trait ‘Opisthopubic pelvis’

Basal Ornithodiran condition

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Other shared, derived traits At least 5 sacral vertebrae Ossified tendons above sacral region Frontal process on illium

Lesothosaurus

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How do mammals chew?

Front: Cropping Diastem: Manipulation by tongue Cheek teeth: Grinding (occluding) Coronoid Process ~ Muscle attachments Inset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth

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How do mammals chew?

Front: Cropping Diastem: Manipulation by tongue Cheek teeth: Grinding (occluding) Coronoid Process ~ Muscle attachments Inset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth

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How did Ornithischians chew? In very similar ways

Front: Cropping: carried out by keratin RAMPHOTHECA Diastem: Manipulation by tongue Cheek teeth: Grinding! Dental Batteries Coronoid Process ~ Different shape, different muscle attachments Inset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth Edmontosaurus Ornithopod

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How did Ornithischians chew?

The Angle of the jaw. Scissors vs. Pliers

Traveling force

Small area, large force

Broadly distributed force

Large area, less force

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Basal Ornithischians

Pisanosaurus Lesothosaurus

Everything else in Ornithischia is in Genasauria Chewing

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‘Cheeky’ saurs

Lesothosaurus Heterodontosauridae

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Heterodontosaurids: Not Primitive... unique chewing. Three kinds of teeth Anterior: Snipping/Cropping Posterior: Chewing Tusks: Potentially display/courtship

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Heterodontosaurids: Not Primitive... unique chewing. Three kinds of teeth Anterior: Snipping/Cropping Posterior: Chewing Tusks: Potentially display/courtship Chevrotain