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Origin of Life Free Response

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1 Dry air from Earth's atmosphere contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, and 0.038% carbon dioxide, but only traces of hydrogen and helium gases.

A

The formula for kinetic energy is KE = 1/2mv2. Explain, based upon this, why hydrogen and helium gases have escaped the Earth’s atmosphere, but nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases remain.

B

Hydrogen gas is used to fuel rockets, and helium is used to fill balloons. How do scientists and manufacturers

• btain these gases?

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2 Scientists, such as Stanley Miller, have conducted important experiments to determine the origins of life on Earth.

A Describe the setup of Miller’s experiment and the results. B What was the significance of his results?

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3 Chemical reactions are important for the synthesis and recycling the organic matter. Explain each of the following types of reactions and give an example.

A dehydration synthesis B

hydrolysis

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4 The concept of a LUCA reflects a theory about the ancestry of life on earth that is supported by vast amounts of evidence throughout time.

A What does LUCA stand for? B What is the main idea of LUCA? C Provide at least 5 pieces of evidence supporting the

existence of LUCA.

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5 Production of phospholipid molecules is considered to be one of the critical steps toward the development of life.

A Describe the structure of phospholipid molecules. B Explain how the structure of individual phospholipid

molecules results in membranes.

C Why is the development of membranes considered an

important step in the emergence of life on earth?

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6 In very early cells, RNA played distinct roles that allowed for the key processes of life.

A Describe two of these roles. B Name the macromolecule that currently performs this

function.

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