[PPT] - On the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab World Mahmoud PowerPoint Presentation

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On the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab World

Mahmoud Mohieldin Senior VP, World Bank Group

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12 71 1 35 1 40 6 67 5 38 6 1 15 6 67 7 36 11 8 4 12 10 1 18 9 3 5 1 7 7 4 1 11 7 3 16 5 23 1 11 1 2 7 2 1 13 3 17 2 11 3 37 3 28 4 20 2 12 2 14 2 27 12 52 4 40 7 28 5 34 9 77 11 88 7 40 5 58 3 27 3 33 3 25 25 2 22 2 2 8

Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries Arab Countries Developing Countries MDG 1.1 - Extreme Poverty MDG 1.9 Under- nourishment MDG 2.1 - Primary Completion MDG 3.1 - Education Gender Parity MDG 4.1 - Under-5 Mortality MDG 4.2 - Infant Mortality MDG 5.1 - Maternal Mortality MDG 7.8 - Improved Water MDG 7.9 - Improved Sanitation

Target Met Sufficient Progress (by 2015) Insufficient Progress Moderately Off Target Seriously Off Target Insufficient Data

Looking back: MDG progress

Comparing Arab Countries to Developing Countries

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Demographic transitions Urbanization Fragility and violence Climate change Market volatility and commodity cycles Technological changes Shifts in the global economy Renewed debate about globalization

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Global Megatrends

Opportunities and Challenges

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Global development agendas serve as a guide for countries to determine their national development path MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030)

Goals/ Targets/Indicators

8/21/60 17/169/~230

Priority Areas

Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental

Scope

Developing Countries Universal

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The SDGs present a major opportunity for transformation

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12% 81% 87% 89% 11% 68% 88% 87% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) Access to electricity (% of population) SDG 2 SDG 6 SDG 7

Progress on select SDGs, Arab world and the World

Arab World World

How are Arab countries progressing on the SDGs?

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Adapted from: WDR 2019 Changing Nature of Work, World Bank, 2018 Invest in resilience (incl. social protection)

Invest in infrastructure

Invest in human capital

Enablers

Achieving the SDGs Finance Data Implementation

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Leveraging the potential of disruptive changes requires a comprehensive policy framework

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Invest in human capital

The Human Capital Project Three main objectives: 1. Build demand for more and better investments in people 2. Help countries strengthen their human capital strategies and investments for rapid improvements in outcomes 3. Improve how we measure human capital Three main indicators, reflecting building blocks of human capital: 1. Survival – Will kids born today survive to school age? 2. School – How much school will they complete and how much will they learn? 3. Health – Will kids leave school in good health and be ready for further learning and/or work?

"Human capital" – the potential of individuals – is going to be the most important long-term investment any country can make for its people’s future, prosperity and quality of life

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Invest in human capital

8 Rank Economy Lower Bound Value Upper bound 47 Bahrain 0.65 0.67 0.68 49 United Arab Emirates 0.64 0.66 0.67 54 Oman 0.61 0.62 0.63 60 Qatar 0.60 0.61 0.63 73 Saudi Arabia 0.57 0.58 0.60 77 Kuwait 0.56 0.58 0.59 79 Jordan 0.54 0.56 0.58 82 West Bank & Gaza 0.54 0.55 0.56 86 Lebanon 0.52 0.54 0.55 93 Algeria 0.51 0.52 0.53 96 Tunisia 0.50 0.51 0.52 98 Morocco 0.49 0.50 0.51 104 Egypt 0.47 0.49 0.50 129 Iraq 0.38 0.40 0.41 139 Sudan 0.37 0.38 0.39 145 Yemen 0.35 0.37 0.38

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Broadly defined as the ability to manage

the wide range of shocks and stresses which may occur. These are categorized as natural; technological; or socioeconomic

Examples of investments include:
Expansion of social protection coverage

while giving priority to the poorest people

Strengthening of all aspects of climate

and disaster resilient development, including coordinating institutions, risk identification and reduction, preparedness, financial and social protection, and resilient reconstruction

Invest in resilience

Source: WDR 2019 ; Building Resilience Report; and Investing in urban Resilience Report

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Invest in infrastructure

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Source: Global Infrastructure Hub, 2018

1E+11 1.5E+11 2E+11 2.5E+11 3E+11 3.5E+11 4E+11 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Infrastructure Outlook: Africa

Current trends Investment need Investment need inc. SDGs 1.3E+12 1.5E+12 1.7E+12 1.9E+12 2.1E+12 2.3E+12 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Infrastructure Outlook: Asia

Current trends Investment need Investment need inc. SDGs

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Invest in digital infrastructure

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In low income countries, only 12 percent of people use the internet, but usage is growing.

Source: SDG Atlas 2018

1. High prices, low speed: limited access to broadband internet 2. Good backbone networks, lack of investment in local access; monopolies in international access 3. Affordability constraints deepen the digital divide across regions and people 4. Highly concentrated markets 5. Challenges with storage capacity 6. Lack of competition in international and data communications 7. Outdated business model 8. Lack of investment in broadband

Features of digital infrastructure in MENA

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The role of the government is to ensure a balance and the best use of finance for development

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2E+10 4E+10 6E+10 8E+10 1E+11 1.2E+11

ODA and FDI to the Arab World

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$)

1 2 3 4 5 6 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Foreign Direct Investment (net inflows as % of GDP)

Arab World World Developing Countries

Finance will need to come from multiple sources

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Financing sustainable development

Source: World Bank, 2018

When a project is presented, you should ask:

“Is there a sustainable private sector solution that limits public debt and contingent liabilities?” If the answer is...

Promote such private sector solutions

The World Bank could play an important role in supporting the government to advance

appropriate private sector solutions. i.e. though analytical support, technical assistance for relevant reforms and capacity building, project identification and preparation support, project structuring, and support to the government in negotiations with the private sector

Ask whether its because of:

Policy or regulatory gaps or weaknesses? If so, provide WBG support for policy and

regulatory reforms.

Risks? If so, assess the risks and see whether WBG instruments can address them.

YES NO

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Consumer/ Investor Protection Effective Regulations Financial Literacy Financial Innovation Mobilize Savings and Allocate Investments Legal framework to enhance trust, confidence in financial contracts and transactions

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The role of the government is to ensure a sound financial sector

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The SDGs are interlinked

Data is critical to understanding those relationships Japan’s goals interlinked to SDG 1

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Data availability is a universal challenge

5 10 15 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Seventy-eight of 169 SDG targets describe potentially assessable outcomes for Canada

Quantified SDG target Canadian national target Proxy target Not able to assess

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Source: “Counting who gets Left Behind” Brookings report, 2018

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Good Data Informs Implementation

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 South Asia East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa

Statistical Capacity Score (scale: 0-100)

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The role of the government is to implement robust data systems

Source: Data for Development: An Evaluation of World Bank Support for Data and Statistical Capacity, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank, 2018

Institutions Based on Organizations that Have Data that Are Users Who Are Data Uses

Open data

laws

Rights to

privacy

Accountabilit

y to users

Broad
utreach to

society

Harmonized

data conventions

Budgetary

autonomy

Trained staff
Adequate

installations

Connected

databases

Early warning

systems

International

partnerships

Up to date
Disaggregated
Easy to manipulate

and visualize

Accessible in remote

areas

Georeferenced
Contestable
From integrated

data sets

Connected
Data literate
Diverse (e.g.,
academics, CSOs,

media, local and central governments)

Planning
Policy making
Monitoring
Targeting
Research
Advocacy
Lobbying
Citizen

empowerment

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103 countries have presented VNRs to date during the High-Level Political Forum

8 countries presented more than once

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High-Level Political Forum

UN mechanism for the follow up and review of SDG implementation

1. Sequencing implementation of goals within context of national priorities
2. Working in partnership to determine national development strategy
3. Coordination within governments; across and within ministries
4. Securing enough financial resources and efficiently allocating them
5. Data availability and institutional capacity
6. Localization and implementation of the goals at the local level
7. Incorporating and mainstreaming gender
8. Integrating action on climate change

Countries’ Most Frequently Identified Priority Areas*

* Based on SVPMM analysis

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The role of the government is to enhance localization of development

Kenya:

A government funded drought insurance program brings satellite based insurance to Kenyan pastoralists and farmers using mPesa.

Indonesia:

A program is being implemented to enhance the capacity of local governments to improve efficiency and effectiveness of local public spending. Also implemented the PNPM program: community driven development

U.K. Midlands

Successful locally owned businesses help develop local markets, create innovation, success and redistribution in a self-reinforcing cycle

Colombia:

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Source: Municipal Finances Handbook: Managing Local Expenditures, Morrell and Kopanyi

1. Preschool education
2. Primary and secondary school
3. Health care
4. Social assistance and poverty alleviation
5. Public order and civil protection
6. Infrastructure and public services
7. Environment protection
8. Social, cultural, recreational expenditures
9. Local economic development

10.Social housing 11.Urban development 12.Civil security 13.Transfer to sub-local government entities 14.(subsidies, grants, equity, in-kind) 15.Loan repayment 16.Interest charges 17.Guarantees called (paid by the municipality)

Sample municipal budget

1. Property tax (rates) on land and/or buildings
2. Tax on the transfer of immovable property
3. Tax on motor vehicles
4. Local sales tax and/or tax on the sale of local products (or surcharge)
5. Tax on local businesses and services
6. Tax on electricity consumption (surcharge)
7. Tax on nonmotorized vehicles
8. Tax on tourism, hotels, restaurants, and entertainment
9. Tolls on roads, bridges, etc., within the limits of the local government

10.Charges for public works and public utilities such as waste collection, drainage, sewerage, and water supply 11.Charges for markets and rents for market stalls 12.Charges for the use of bus stations and taxi parks 13.Fees for approval of building plans and erection and re-erection of buildings 14.Fees for fairs, agricultural shows, industrial exhibitions, tournaments, and other public events 15.Fees for licensing of businesses, professions, and vocations 16.Fees for other licenses or permits and penalties or fines for violations 17.Fees for advertisement 18.Fees on sales of animals in cattle markets 19.Fees for registration and certification of births, marriages, and deaths 20.Fees for education and health facilities established or maintained by the local government 21.Fees for other specific services rendered by the local government 22.Rent from land, buildings, equipment, machinery, and vehicles 23.Surpluses from local commercial enterprises 24.Interest on bank deposits or other funds

Expenses Revenues

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The role of the government is to leverage the impacts of technology

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Boundaries of the firm Changes in industrial relations (capitalism without capital) Demand for skills The future of the informal economy Scenarios of robots replacing workers Expectations vs. perception vs. reality

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Digital education creates classrooms at scale and connects world-class teachers to students who need them most E-health can serve some of the neediest patients in the world’s hardest to reach places Digital financial services provide new opportunities for SME savings, credit, and insurance thereby spurring expansion Digital payments and monitoring enable off-grid, renewable energy sources to be deployed years in advance of traditional approaches

Source: International Finance Corporation

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STI for SDGs

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STI for SDGs

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World Bank strategy for MENA

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Boost Shared Prosperity End Extreme Poverty

Build Human Capital

Education, skills, health, social protection, youth and female inclusion

Digital Transformation

Research and innovation, investment in high speed networks

Maximize Finance for Development

Role of state, unleash private sector, access to finance

Renewing the Social Contract Resilience to Shocks Regional Cooperation Recovery and Reconstruction

Meeting the Aspirations of MENA’s Youth - Reinventing the Economic Model Rapid and Inclusive Job Creation for The Youth

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1944 1944 Internatio ional l Ban ank k for

r

Reconstructio tion and d Develo lopment (IBRD) 1960 1960 Internatio ional l De Development Associa iatio ion (IDA) 1956 1956 Internatio ional l Finance Cor

rpor
ratio

ion (IFC) 1988 1988 Multi ultila lateral l Investment Guar arantee Agency (MIGA) 1966 1966 Internatio ional l Center for

r the

he Settle lement t of Investment t Disputes (ICSI SID)

The World Bank Group

lends to governments of middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries provides interest-free loans, or credits, and grants to governments of the poorest countries provides loans, equity, and advisory services to stimulate private sector investments in developing countries provides political risk insurance and credit enhancement to investors and lenders to facilitate FDI in emerging economies provides international facilities for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes

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Thank You

worldbankgroup.org/sdgs

Follow us on twitter @WBG2030 Mahmoud-Mohieldin on 29