on mig on migration tion costs costs ILO World Bank 1 December - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IL ILO-WB P WB Par artner tnership ship in in De Development elopment of

• f indica

indicator tor

• n mig
• n migration

tion costs costs

ILO

World Bank 1 December 2016, Washington DC

Factors limiting positive effects

• f migration
• High cost of labour migration for low-skilled

migrant workers

• Limited labour market integration -

discrimination, low quality employment and/or exploitation

• Underutilization of skills - skills recognition and

skills matching

The Labour Market Integration of New Immigrants in Europe: Analysis and Policy Evaluation, ILO & MPI, 2014, available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/projects/WCMS_357742/lang--en/index.htm

Direction

• f

Migration Flows

Based on estimates Of Abel and Sander, 2014

11.1% 17.8% 7.7% 63.4%

Agriculture Industry Domestic workers Other services

• 44% of migrant workers worldwide are women
• 11.5 million are migrant domestic workers who are highly

vulnerable

(ILO: Global and regional estimates of migrant workers 2015)

5

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 ETH - SAU IND - QAT NPL - QAT PAK - SAU PAK - UAE PHL - QAT VNM - MLY Male Other Male Construction and Manual Male Domestic Female Other Female Construction and Manual Female Domestic

Actual vs Promised Wages, by gender and Occupation KNOMAD/ILO Surveys

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20 40 60 80 100 120 ETH - SAU IND - QAT NPL - QAT PAK - SAU PAK - UAE PHL - QAT VNM - MLY Male Other Male Construction and Manual Male Domestic Female Other Female Construction and Manual Female Domestic

Average Working Hours by corridor, gender and occupation, KNOMAD/ILO Surveys

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Working hours of Ethiopian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia, Male and Female, KNOMAD/ILO Surveys

• 30% of migrants did not have a contract signed prior to departure
• 14.7% did not receive wages on time
• 77.3% reported they received wages that were lower than those

promised before departure, or included unforeseen deduction

• the average number of weekly hours is 71, with sizeable gender

disparities

• 25%of migrants report not having any rest day per week
• 30% of migrants experienced health-related problems, of which

about one in five had serious work-related injuries – far above national averages Losses can represent at least 30% of total wage promised to migrants prior to departures, 27% of total actual earnings

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Hidden or unpredictable costs in countries of employment (KNOMAD/ILO Surveys)

• Cluster on labour migration
• Fair recruitment
• Lower labour migration costs (SDG 10.7 joint ILO/WB custodianship)
• ILO Principles and Operational Guidelines on Fair Recruitment;

ILO/EC Project on Fair recruitment

• Labour market needs’ assessment and skills recognition and jobs

matching for nationals and new arrivals

• Need for a platform to facilitate the exchange of good practices across-

countries on skills needs and on education systems

• Non-discrimination and labour market integration of all migrant

workers with due attention to women migrant workers’ needs

• Convention No. 189
• Tripartite social dialogue: labour ministries, employers’ and workers’
• rganizations must play a role

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Key elements for inclusion in the Global Compact on Migration

ILO General principles and operational guidelines for fair recruitment: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_532389.pdf