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Virtual Machine Migration Pierre Riteau University of Rennes 1, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Virtual Machine Migration Pierre Riteau University of Rennes 1, IRISA Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique October 21,

  1. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Virtual Machine Migration Pierre Riteau University of Rennes 1, IRISA Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique October 21, 2011 Journ´ ee Cloud France Grilles, Lyon Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 1/42

  2. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Outline Hardware Virtualization 1 Migration 2 Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Use Cases Live Migration Techniques 3 Live Migration in WANs 4 Live Migration Optimizations 5 Conclusion 6 Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 2/42

  3. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Outline Hardware Virtualization 1 Migration 2 Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Use Cases Live Migration Techniques 3 Live Migration in WANs 4 Live Migration Optimizations 5 Conclusion 6 Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 3/42

  4. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Hardware Virtualization Presents a computer similar to a real physical one With CPU(s), memory, disk(s), network interface(s), etc. The virtual machine runs a full OS Full Virtualization vs Paravirtualization Hypervisors: VMware, Xen, KVM, etc. Virtual machines provide complete encapsulation of Applications Libraries Operating system Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 4/42

  5. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Hardware Virtualization Userland Userland Userland Kernel Kernel Kernel Physical node Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 5/42

  6. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Outline Hardware Virtualization 1 Migration 2 Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Use Cases Live Migration Techniques 3 Live Migration in WANs 4 Live Migration Optimizations 5 Conclusion 6 Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 6/42

  7. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Migration Relocate VM from one physical host to another Complete encapsulation → no OS support needed Transfer VM state over the network Processor state (CPU registers) Hardware devices state (hardware registers) Memory content (Possibly disk content) Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 7/42

  8. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pure stop-and-copy Simplest approach Suspend source VM on source host Copy all VM state over the network Resume source VM on destination host Used by the Internet Suspend/Resume project Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 8/42

  9. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pure stop-and-copy VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 9/42

  10. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pure stop-and-copy VM state transfer VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 10/42

  11. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pure stop-and-copy VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 11/42

  12. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Live Migration of Virtual Machines Problem with pure stop-and-copy: long downtime Live migration Minimize downtime (milliseconds) Works by transferring state during execution Live Migration VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 12/42

  13. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Live Migration of VMs in LANs Live migration initially proposed for LANs Clark et al., NSDI ’05 & Nelson et al., USENIX ’05 Transfer from source host to destination host of the same LAN What about storage and network resources? Shared storage (e.g. NFS) → no migration needed Network traffic redirected with gratuitous ARP/RARP frames Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 13/42

  14. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Live Migration of Virtual Machines VM disk Switch ARP/RARP frame Shared FS Server VM VM Live Migration Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 14/42

  15. Hardware Virtualization Migration Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Techniques Live Migration Live Migration in WANs Use Cases Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Use Cases Offers many advantages Load balancing / Reduced energy consumption Migrate VMs in case of hotspots (c.f. Adrien L` ebre’s talk) Consolidate VMs on a subset of nodes Turn off unused physical nodes Entropy (Ecole des Mines de Nantes) Transparent infrastructure maintenance Pro-active fault tolerance Detect future faults from hardware events Preemptively migrate on another node Nagarajan et al., SC 07 Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 15/42

  16. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Outline Hardware Virtualization 1 Migration 2 Pure stop-and-copy Live Migration Use Cases Live Migration Techniques 3 Live Migration in WANs 4 Live Migration Optimizations 5 Conclusion 6 Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 16/42

  17. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration Traditional method used for migration of processes Iterative process Copy all memory content to the destination host (while the VM continues running) Do multiples iterations to copy modified memory pages during the previous period When enough iterations have been done, stop the VM and Copy the remaining modified memory pages Copy the CPU and device state Resume VM on destination host Method implemented by all production hypervisors Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 17/42

  18. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1 2 3 4 VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 18/42

  19. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1 2 1 3 4 Transfer page 1 VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 19/42

  20. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1 2 1 2 3 4 Transfer page 2 VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 20/42

  21. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1 2 1 2 3 4 Transfer page 3 3 VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 21/42

  22. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1' 2 1 2 3' 4 3 VM VM Memory writes on page 1 and 3 Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 22/42

  23. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1' 2 1 2 3' 4 Transfer page 4 3 4 VM VM Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 23/42

  24. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1' 2 1' 2 3' 4 Transfer page 1' 3 4 VM VM New iteration Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 24/42

  25. Hardware Virtualization Migration Live Migration Techniques Live Migration in WANs Live Migration Optimizations Conclusion Pre-Copy Live Migration 1' 2' 1' 2 3' 4 3 4 VM VM Memory write on page 2 Source Host Destination Host Pierre Riteau Virtual Machine Migration 25/42

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